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1.
The intentional introduction of red king crab, Paralithodes camtschatica (Tilesius, 1815) in the Barents Sea represent one of a few successful cases and one that now supports a commercial fishery.
Introductions of alien species into new environments are often associated with genetic bottlenecks, which cause a reduction
in the genetic variation, and this could be important for the spreading potential of the species in the Atlantic Ocean. Red
king crab samples collected in the Varangerfjord located on the Barents Sea (northern Norway) were compared with reference
crab samples collected from the Bering Sea and Kamchatka regions in the Pacific Ocean. All samples were screened for eleven
microsatellite loci, based on the development of species-specific primers. The observed number of alleles per locus was similar,
and no reduction in genetic variation, including gene diversity and allelic richness, was detected between the Varangerfjord
sample and the reference sample from Okhotsk Sea near Kamchatka, indicating no genetic bottlenecking at least for the microsatellite
loci investigated. The same results were found in comparison with the sample from Bering Sea. The level of genetic differentiation
among the samples, measured as overall F
ST
across all loci, was relatively low (0.0238) with a range of 0.0035–0.1000 for the various loci investigated. The largest
pairwise F
ST
values were found between the Bering Sea and Varangerfjord/Barents Sea samples, with a value of 0.0194 across all loci tested.
The lowest value (0.0101) was found between the Varangerfjord and Kamchatka samples. Genetic differentiation based on exact
tests on allele frequencies revealed highly significant differences between all pairwise comparisons. The high level of genetic
variation found in the Varangerfjord/Barents Sea sample could be of significance with respect to further spreading of the
species to other regions in the North Atlantic Ocean. 相似文献
2.
Genetic divergence in four taxa of three species ofSaurida, S. undosquamis south (S) and north (N) types,S. wanieso andS. elongata caught from the East China Sea, Sea of Hyuga and Tosa Bay, was studied based on allelic frequencies at 23 genetic loci surveyed
electrophoretically. Fixed allele substitution was observed at eight loci between the S and N types ofS. undosquamis and their genetic distance was 0.5582, within a range of differentiation at the species level. The S type ofS. undosquamis was found to inhabit the Sea of Hyuga and off Cape Ashizuri along the Kuroshio Current, in addition to the East China Sea.
The low level of genetic variation found for this type was discussed in relation to its restricted habitat at the edge of
the continental shelf. These factors, along with some morphological characters, indicate that the two types ofS. undosquamis should be recognized as distinct species. 相似文献
3.
A. V. Semenova A. P. Andreeva A. N. Stroganov G. A. Rubtsova K. I. Afanasiev G. N. Markevich A. A. Smirnov 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2012,48(1):86-92
Variation of microsatellite loci Cpa110, Cpa113, Cpa4, and Cpa7 was for the first time examined in Pacific-type herring Clupea pallasii from the White Sea (Cl. pallasii marisalbi), the Kara Sea (Cl. pallasii suworowi), the Sea of Okhotsk, and Lake Nerpich’e, Kamchatka Bay, northwestern Pacific (Cl. pallasii pallasii). All loci exhibitedhigh genetic diversity. The estimates of expected heterozygosity varied from 41.5 to 95.6% (mean, 82%).
The level of pairwise genetic differentiation F
st at all microsatellite loci varied from 0.005 to 0.076 (0.019, on average) and t was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in most of the pairs of herring samples. Estimates of genetic differentiation among the herring of one subspecies
were lower than between the groups belonging to different subspecies. 相似文献
4.
Speciation genomics and a role for the Z chromosome in the early stages of divergence between Mexican ducks and mallards
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Philip Lavretsky Jeffrey M. Dacosta Blanca E. Hernández‐Baños Andrew Engilis Jr Michael D. Sorenson Jeffrey L. Peters 《Molecular ecology》2015,24(21):5364-5378
Speciation is a continuous and dynamic process, and studying organisms during the early stages of this process can aid in identifying speciation mechanisms. The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Mexican duck (A. [p.] diazi) are two recently diverged taxa with a history of hybridization and controversial taxonomy. To understand their evolutionary history, we conducted genomic scans to characterize patterns of genetic diversity and divergence across the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, 3523 autosomal loci and 172 Z‐linked sex chromosome loci. Between the two taxa, Z‐linked loci (ΦST = 0.088) were 5.2 times more differentiated than autosomal DNA (ΦST = 0.017) but comparable to mtDNA (ΦST = 0.092). This elevated Z differentiation deviated from neutral expectations inferred from simulated data that incorporated demographic history and differences in effective population sizes between marker types. Furthermore, 3% of Z‐linked loci, compared to <0.1% of autosomal loci, were detected as outlier loci under divergent selection with elevated relative (ΦST) and absolute (dXY) estimates of divergence. In contrast, the ratio of Z‐linked and autosomal differentiation among the seven Mexican duck sampling locations was close to 1:1 (ΦST = 0.018 for both markers). We conclude that between mallards and Mexican ducks, divergence at autosomal markers is largely neutral, whereas greater divergence on the Z chromosome (or some portions thereof) is likely the product of selection that has been important in speciation. Our results contribute to a growing body of literature indicating elevated divergence on the Z chromosome and its likely importance in avian speciation. 相似文献
5.
Isolation of highly polymorphic autosomal microsatellite loci and a sex‐linked locus from sugarbirds
KEVIN A. FELDHEIM MHAIRI L. MCFARLANE RAURI C. K. BOWIE 《Molecular ecology resources》2006,6(4):1019-1021
We describe the isolation of six tetranucleotide microsatellites from the Cape sugarbird (Promerops cafer) using an enrichment protocol. All loci were highly variable with number of alleles ranging from nine to 26 and values of observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.534 to 0.931. All loci were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with the exception of Pro66 and Pro86. Further analysis of Pro86 indicated it was Z‐linked. All loci amplified and were variable in the congeneric Gurneys sugarbird (Promerops gurneyi). These loci will be used in mating system and phylogeographic studies of Cape sugarbirds in South Africa. 相似文献
6.
F. D. HERNANDEZ‐VELAZQUEZ C. E. GALINDO‐SANCHEZ M. I. TAYLOR J. DE LA ROSA‐VELEZ I. M. COTE Y. SCHRAMM D. AURIOLES‐GAMBOA C. RICO 《Molecular ecology resources》2005,5(1):140-142
Nine microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). In addition, two of five loci tested from harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) produced a single, clear band in Z. californianus, as did one out of five loci from grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) and one out of two loci from elephant seal (Mirounga sp.). No locus tested from South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) amplified in Z. californianus. Locus variability was assessed in California sea lions from Los Islotes rookery, Baja California Sur, Mexico. All loci were variable, with allele numbers ranging from three to 12. 相似文献
7.
A. N. Stroganov K. I. Afanas’ev K. E. Jorstad M. Storr-Paulsen A. M. Orlov G. A. Rubtsova T. A. Rakitskaya 《Journal of Ichthyology》2011,51(9):738-744
Comparative analysis of variability of seven microsatellite loci—Gmo3, Gmo-G12, Gmo-G18, Gmo19, Gmo34, Gmo35 and Pgmo32—was performed for the Greenland cod Gadus ogac, Pacific cod G. macrocephalus, Atlantic cod G. morhua, and White Sea cod G. morhua marisalbi. High genetic identity was observed between the Greenland cod and Pacific cod (I = 0.9520). Pair analysis of genetic differentiation
was performed on the studied microsatellite loci according to θ (analogue of F
ST). The Greenland cod differed significantly from the Pacific, Atlantic, and the White Sea cod; however, the differentiation
level varied. The lowest value was observed for the pair Greenland cod-Pacific cod (0.123), and the highest levels were registered
for the pairs Greenland cod-Atlantic cod (0.605) and Greenland cod-White Sea cod (0.535). 相似文献
8.
Cannas R Buccoli S Sacco F Marcias S Salvadori S Cau A Deiana A 《Molecular ecology resources》2008,8(6):1420-1422
Eighteen microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from the blue and red shrimp, Aristeus antennatus Risso 1816, a commercially exploited marine crustacean widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean Sea and in the eastern Atlantic. Polymorphism was assessed in a population (n = 20) from the southwestern Sardinian seas; 14 loci resulted polymorphic and showed from three to 13 alleles. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.2 to 0.85. These microsatellites will be potentially useful for the study of A. antennatus population genetic structure. 相似文献
9.
Twelve natural populations ofZ. indianus from India, collected along lines of latitude, were analyzed electrophoretically and the geographical pattern of variation was compared at 15 allozyme loci. Except forMdh-2, all the loci revealed extensive polymorphism. The allele frequency variation revealed a statistically significant correlation as well as regression coefficients with the latitude. The populations revealed extensive clinal variation at all the polymorphic loci, which depicted moderate to higherF
ST values. Thus, the observed genetic divergence in colonizing populations ofZ. indianus shows the role of natural selection that varies spatially along the north-south axis of the Indian subcontinent.Financial assistance from UGC, New Delhi, is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
10.
Karine Monceau Maria Gaillard Estelle Harrang Diego Santiago-Alarcon Patricia. G. Parker Frank Cezilly Rémi A. Wattier 《Conservation Genetics》2009,10(5):1577-1581
Twenty-three polymorphic microsatellite loci, six dinucleotidic loci and 17 tetranucleotidic loci, were developed for the
Zenaida dove (Zenaida aurita), a bird species endemic to the Caribbean Islands. From a set of 30 individuals captured at one single location in Barbados,
we obtained 20 loci that did not deviate from Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium. Number of alleles per locus ranged between 2 and
11 (average 7.05) and the expected heterozygosity per locus, He ranged between 0.321 and 0.881 (average 0.712). This gives an exclusionary power for parental analysis of 0.9999 and 1.0000,
knowing the genotype of one social parent, or both, respectively. Such results indicate that these 20 loci will be useful
for both studying population genetics and mate choice patterns in Z. aurita. All 20 loci amplified in four other Zenaida species, the Galápagos dove, Z. galapagoensis, the eared dove, Z. auriculata, the mourning dove, Z. macroura, the Pacific dove, Z. meloda, with 30–96% being polymorphic. 相似文献
11.
CLEMENS KÜPPER GAVIN J. HORSBURGH DEBORAH A. DAWSON RICHARD FFRENCH‐CONSTANT TAMS SZKELY TERRY BURKE 《Molecular ecology resources》2007,7(1):35-39
We isolated 45 new Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) microsatellite loci. These were tested for polymorphism in 42 Kentish plovers breeding in the Çukurova Delta, Turkey. Thirty‐six of the 45 loci were polymorphic with observed heterozygosity varying between 0.22 and 0.93. Genotypes of individuals of known sex indicated that two loci were sex‐linked (Calex‐26 is located on the Z chromosome and Calex‐31 on the W chromosome). Additionally, we tested all loci for amplification in four other species of Charadridae (Kittlitz's plover, Madagascar plover, three‐banded plover and white‐fronted plover). On average 34 loci amplified per species (range 29–36). 相似文献
12.
This report describes the characterization of 13 microsatellites in Zoogoneticus tequila, a goodeid fish that is extinct in nature and exists only in captivity. We also present a preliminary survey of the variability of nine of these microsatellites in both Z. tequila and the congeneric wild species Z. quitzeoensis. Variability was found to be low in Z. tequila (three polymorphic loci with two alleles each), and highest in Z. quitzeoensis (five polymorphic loci with a mean of 4.6 alleles). These genetic markers have applications in the study and management of both species. 相似文献
13.
We isolated and characterized 33 novel, polymorphic microsatellite loci from the social sponge‐dwelling snapping shrimp Zuzalpheus brooksi. We screened all 33 loci in approximately 31 individuals from a population of Z. brooksi from the Florida Keys, USA and found an average of 16 alleles per locus. Approximately 25% of the loci showed more than two bands per individual, suggesting evidence of high gene duplication, or more likely, polyploidy, which is common in crustaceans. The 25 disomic loci had an observed heterozygosity of 0.57 (range = 0.03–1.00) and will be useful for studying the social organization in Zuzalpheus shrimp. 相似文献
14.
Upwelling and eddies affect connectivity among local populations of the goldeye rockfish,Sebastes thompsoni (Pisces,Scorpaenoidei)
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The goldeye rockfish, Sebastes thompsoni, commercial rockfish catch in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, may influence its population structure. To clarify the population genetic structure of Korean S. thompsoni and its degree of hybridization with the most close species, Sebastes joyneri, we analyzed a mitochondrial (mt) DNA control region and eleven polymorphic microsatellite (ms) loci. S. joyneri individuals were clearly distinguished from S. thompsoni by the mtDNA control region and ms loci results, with single interspecific hybridization between two species suggesting no impact on genetic structure of S. thompsoni. Analysis of mtDNA revealed no population structure within S. thompsoni, suggesting the survival of a single population in southern refugia during the glacial period. The ms loci results, in contrast, showed two genetically distinct clusters within S. thompsoni: One was predominant throughout Korean coasts (from the Yellow Sea, via the Korea Strait to the East Sea); the other was predominant at Dokdo Island in the East Sea; and both occurred in similar ratios at Wangdolcho Reef in the East Sea. A possible factor that restricts gene flow between Korean coastal and offshore populations in the East Sea may be related to the complex oceanic current patterns such as eddies and upwelling, which represent impermeable barriers to population connectivity for this species. Our findings highlight that these two populations might be representative of two separate stock within Korean waters and maintain their geographically related genetic structure. 相似文献
15.
N. N. Timoshkina A. E. Barmintseva A. V. Usatov N. S. Mugue 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2009,45(9):1098-1106
Three populations (Azov, Caspian, and Black Sea) of Russian sturgeon Acipenser queldenstaedtii were tested for polymorphism at nuclear (RAPD and microsatellites) and mitochondrial (PCR identification of two mitotypes)
markers. In addition, morphometric analysis of he representatives of Azov population was carried out. According to the morphological
characters, the Black Sea population occupied an intermediate position between the Caspian and Azov populations, reflecting
the phylogeography of this species. In agreement with the morphometric data, genetic distances (the data of STR analysis)
also placed the Black Sea population between the Caspian and Azov populations (F
ST = 0.058 and 0.043). The genetic distance between the Azov and Caspian population was somewhat higher (F
ST = 0.070). The highest allelic polymorphism at four microsatellite loci was found observed in Caspian population, while the
lowest polymorphism was in the Sea of Azov. RAPD analysis distinguished high polymorphism within the populations, although
it was not feasible for interpopulation analysis. Using the method differentiating the “baerii-like” and typical “gueldenstaedtii”
mitotypes, the absence of the “baerii-like” marker in the Black Sea population was demonstrated. The frequency of this marker
in Caspian and Azov populations constituted 31.1 and 1.8%, respectively. Possible evolutionary reasons for the interpopulation
differences observed are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Xiuli Wang Teng Feng Lei Yang Chengcheng Liu Xiangying Meng Xuemei Qiu 《Conservation Genetics》2009,10(3):729-731
Sea urchin is an important model organism for evolutionary biology, embryology, and gene regulation study. We developed and
evaluated simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of Strongylocentrotus
purpuratus and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Characteristics of nine EST-SSR loci were investigated using 41 Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to five. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.122 to 0.7805, while the
expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.4472 to 0.7696. These loci and markers will be useful for population genetics and systemic
evolution among species of sea urchin. 相似文献
17.
The finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides, is endemic to the coastal waters of the Indo-Pacific, ranging from the Persian Gulf to Japan. Nine tetranucleotide microsatellite
loci were isolated from the finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides). Polymorphism of each locus was assessed in 39 unrelated individuals from the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea of the
Chinese waters. The number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 11. The ranges of observed and expected heterozygosity were
0.154–0.795 and 0.146–0.839, respectively. Cross-species amplification of these loci was tested in other cetacean species.
These microsatellite markers described here will be suitable for population genetic studies of finless porpoises and other
cetacean species. 相似文献
18.
A. AEBI T. SHANI R. D. J. BUTCHER N. ALVAREZ A. M. RISTERUCCI B. BENREY 《Molecular ecology resources》2004,4(4):752-754
Bruchid beetles of the genus Zabrotes (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) are important worldwide pests of legume seeds. Samples of Zabrotes subfasciatus and Z. sylvestris were collected from seeds of two Phaseolus species throughout Mexico to assess the role of host plant variation and plant domestication on the evolution of host use in this species. For this purpose six polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the bruchid Z. subfasciatus. Cross‐species amplification tests were performed on Z. sylvestris and revealed that three loci amplified successfully and were polymorphic in this closely related species. 相似文献
19.
Manli Li Nana Yuyama Mariko Hirata Yunwen Wang Jianguo Han Hongwei Cai 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2010,26(3):467-476
Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica) and Manila grass (Z. matrella) are the two most important and commonly used Zoysia species. A consensus based SSR linkage map was developed for the genus by combining maps from each species. This used previously
constructed maps for two Z. japonica populations and a new map from Z. matrella. The new SSR linkage map for Z. matrella was based on 86 F2 individuals and contained 213 loci and covered a map distance of 1,351.2 cM in 32 linkage groups. Comparison of the three
linkage maps constructed from populations with different genetic backgrounds indicated that most markers exhibited a consensus
order, although some intervals or regions displayed discrepancy in marker orders or positions. The integrated map comprises
507 loci with a mean interval of 4.1 cM, covering a map distance of 2,066.6 cM in 22 linkage groups. The SSR-based map will
allow marker-assisted selection and be useful for the mapping and cloning of economically important genes or quantitative
trait loci. 相似文献