黑曲霉木聚糖酶的纯化与性质

由凝胶电泳酶谱检测到黑曲霉１４９发本酵液中存在两型木聚糖酶,依次为Ｘ－Ⅰ和Ｘ－Ⅱ。通过硫酸铵分级沉淀及ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ５０柱层析分别将Ｘ－Ⅰ、Ｘ－Ⅱ纯化到凝胶电泳均一。由ＳＤＳ－凝胶电泳和浓度梯度凝胶电泳测得Ｘ－Ⅰ和Ｘ－Ⅱ的分子量分别为３７ｋＤａ,２４ｋＤａ和２３ｋＤａ,Ｘ－Ⅰ具有亚基。二者的含糖量分别为２７．６％和７．３％。Ｘ－Ⅰ和Ｘ－Ⅱ最适返应温度分别为５０℃和５５℃,ｐＨ为４．     

黑曲霉木聚糖酶的纯化与性质

由凝胶电泳酶谱检测到黑曲霉１４９发酵液中存在两型木聚糖酶,依次为Ｘ－Ⅰ和Ｘ－Ⅱ．通过硫酸铵分级沉淀及ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ５０柱层析分别将Ｘ－Ⅰ、Ｘ－Ⅱ纯化到凝胶电泳均一。由ＳＤＳ一凝胶电泳和浓度梯度凝胶电泳测得Ｘ－Ⅰ和Ｘ－Ⅱ的分子量分别为３７ｋＤａ,７６ｋＤａ,２４ｋＤａ和２３ｋＤａ,Ｘ－Ⅰ具有亚基。二者的含糖量分别为２７６％和７．３％。Ｘ－Ⅰ和Ｘ－Ⅱ最适反应温度分别为５０℃和５５℃,ｐＨ为４６和５．２。在ｐＨ４．６～９．２和ｐＨ４．０～１０．０之间Ｘ－Ⅰ、Ｘ－Ⅱ活力稳定。５０℃保温２４ｈ,Ｘ－Ⅰ活力仍为１００％,而Ｘ－Ⅱ的活力已降为２．８％。ＨｇＣｌ２和ＡｇＮＯ３显著抑制Ｘ－Ⅰ、Ｘ－Ⅱ的活力。Ｘ－Ⅰ与Ｘ－Ⅱ水解不同来源的木聚糖,其产物有所不同。     

绿色木霉木聚糖酶的纯化和性质

绿色木霉木聚糖酶经分离纯化后,获得三个组分木聚糖酶,称为XⅠ,XⅡ和XⅢ,它们最反应温度分别为60℃、60℃、50℃,pH分别为5．5、5．0、0、4．5,pⅠ分别为XⅠ3．8,XⅡ3．4,XⅢ3．6。半失活温度分别为XⅠ37℃,XⅡ44℃,XⅢ40℃。     

黑曲霉A3木聚糖酶酶学性质研究

黑曲霉Ａ３（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｎｉｇｅｒ Ａ３）的固体培养物浸出液,经过多步分离纯化后,获得三个组份的木聚糖酶,称为ｘⅠ、ｘⅡ和ｘⅢ。经７％凝胶浓度的盘状电泳分析均为单一组份。经等电聚焦电泳测ｘⅠ、ｘⅡ和ｘⅢ。的等电点分别为６．８、５．５和６．１。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测得亚基分子量（Ｄａ）分别为ｘⅠ,４２０００;ｘⅡ,２００００;ｘⅢ,３１０００。三个酶组份的最适反应温度分别为ｘⅠ,４０℃;ｘⅡ     

星天牛幼虫肠道木聚糖酶的纯化和性质

星天牛Anoplophora chinensis (Frster)幼虫肠道匀浆液经80%丙酮沉淀、Q-Sepharose阴离子交换柱层析、PAGE制备电泳等方法纯化后,获得在SDS-PAGE上呈现单一区带的木聚糖酶。该酶的分子量约25 kD,等电点约4.0,最适温度50℃,最适pH 5.4,pH 3.0～7.8对酶活性的恢复无大的影响, 50℃保温2 h仍有60%酶活性。Hg²⁺、M_nO^-4、变性剂SDS完全抑制该酶活性, Cu²⁺、Mn²⁺、Ag⁺、Zn²⁺、Pb⁺、脲对酶活性有强烈的抑制作用。该酶具有水解纤维素的交叉活性,其K_m值为2.47 mg/mL,V_max为0.6 IU/mL。     

酸性木聚糖酶XynⅡ活性中心关键氨基酸残基的鉴定

目的:鉴定来源于宇佐美曲霉(Aspergillus usamii)E001的酸性木聚糖酶XynⅡ活性中心关键氨基酸残基。方法:对XynⅡ进行SWISS-MODEL同源建模和BLAST序列比较,分析XynⅡ中所有可能作为催化残基的保守氨基酸,采用定点突变手段对其进行鉴定研究。结果:只有Glu-79和Glu-170位于酶与底物作用的活性中心,它们分别位于β折叠股B6和B4上,推测Glu-79和Glu-170为XynⅡ活性中心关键氨基酸残基。将Glu-79和Glu-170突变为酸性的Gln,突变酶E79Q,E170Q在大肠杆菌和毕赤酵母中表达后,活性均丧失。结论:79位、170位Glu是木聚糖酶XynⅡ活性中心的关键氨基酸残基,为该酶进一步的结构与功能研究提供了理论基础。     

低温木聚糖酶的研究进展

低温木聚糖酶在低温下仍具有较高酶活力及催化效率,在应用中能减少工艺流程,节省加热或冷却费用,降低耗能,有着中高温木聚糖酶无法比拟的优势。针对低温木聚糖酶的研究现状,包括来源、分子结构与适冷机制、基因工程及应用等方面进行综述。     

黑曲霉A3木聚糖酶酶学性质研究

黑曲霉A3(AspergillusnigerA3)的固体培养物浸出液,经过多步分离纯化后,获得三个组份的木聚糖酶,称为xⅠ、xⅡ和xⅢ.经7%凝胶浓度的盘状电泳分析均为单一组份.经等电聚焦电泳测xⅠ、xⅡ和xⅢ的等电点分别为6.8、5.5和6.1.SDS-PAGE测得亚基分子量(Da)分别为xⅠ,42000;xⅡ,20000;xⅢ,31000.三个酶组份的最适反应温度分别为xⅠ,40℃;xⅡ,50℃;xⅢ,50℃.最适反应pHxⅠ,3.5;xⅡ,4.5;xⅢ,5.0.保温一个小时后,酶的半失活温度分别为xⅠ,55.6℃;xⅡ,54.8℃;xⅢ,46.6℃.金属离子Ag+、Hg2+、Ni2+和脲对不同的酶组份具有一定的影响.     

耐热木聚糖酶研究进展

β1,4内切木聚糖酶(EC.3218)能够以内切方式作用于木聚糖主链产生不同长度的木寡糖和少量的木糖,因此是木聚糖降解酶系中最关键的酶。木聚糖酶具有很大的工业应用潜力和价值,由于许多工业应用木聚糖酶的单元操作都是在高温下进行的,寻求耐热木聚糖酶作为催化剂是非常重要的。重点介绍了耐热木聚糖酶的特性、分泌表达和结构区域的研究进展。     

Catalytic properties of the immobilized Aspergillus tamarii xylanase

Xylanase from Aspergillus tamarii was covalently immobilized on Duolite A147 pretreated with the bifunctional agent glutaraldehyde. The bound enzyme retained 54.2% of the original specific activity exhibited by the free enzyme (120 U/mg protein). Compared to the free enzyme, the immobilized enzyme exhibited lower optimum pH, higher optimum reaction temperature, lower energy of activation, higher K_m (Michaelis constant), lower V_max (maximal reaction rate). The half-life for the free enzyme was 186.0, 93.0, and 50.0 min for 40, 50, and 60°C, respectively, whereas the immobilized form at the same temperatures had half-life of 320, 136, and 65 min. The deactivation rate constant at 60°C for the immobilized enzyme is about 6.0 × 10⁻³, which is lower than that of the free enzyme (7.77 × 10⁻³ min). The energy of thermal deactivation was 15.22 and 20.72 kcal/mol, respectively for the free and immobilized enzyme, confirming stabilization by immobilization. An external mass transfer resistance was identified with the immobilization carrier (Duolite A147). The effect of some metal ions on the activity of the free and immobilized xylanase has been investigated. The immobilized enzyme retained about 73.0% of the initial catalytic activity even after being used 8 cycles.     

利用内源元件在谷氨酸棒杆菌中分泌表达木聚糖酶

以来自于谷氨酸棒杆菌内源AH6启动子和5′UTR及其前38 bp结合合适的Shine-Dalgarno (SD)序列,构建双顺反子表达载体对木聚糖酶进行表达。为了能够实现分泌表达,选取了来自谷氨酸棒杆菌的两种分泌途径的信号肽,分别为Tat型的CgR0949及Sec型的CspB信号肽。在实现分泌表达之后,对其进行5 L发酵罐的扩大培养以提高分泌量。并对纯化的木聚糖酶进行了部分酶学性质的研究,包括最适催化pH及酸碱耐受性;最适催化温度及热稳定性。结果表明:在上述表达体系中,以CgR0949为信号肽木聚糖酶不能分泌到胞外;木聚糖酶能在CspB信号肽的引导下分泌到胞外,分泌表达量为486.2 U/mL。木聚糖酶的分泌量在5 L发酵罐水平上达到1 648.7 U/mL,是摇瓶培养的3.4倍。该木聚糖酶的最适反应pH为4.5,最适温度为45℃;在pH 4–11范围内4℃处理24 h酶活保持在80%以上;在50℃前处理15 min酶活保持在95%以上,超过60℃则酶活迅速下降至20%及其以下。上述结果表明,谷氨酸棒杆菌内源元件能有效用于木聚糖酶的分泌表达,扩大培养能进一步提升木聚糖酶的分泌量。该双顺反子表达体系能为外源蛋白在谷氨酸棒杆菌中的分泌表达提供一种可用的工具。此外,通过酶学性质的研究可进一步提高木聚糖酶的催化效率。     

链霉菌Strz-6木聚糖酶的纯化和固定化研究

链霉菌胞外木聚糖酶经过盐析、离子交换和分子筛层析纯化,粗酶液被纯化了32.5倍,比活力达498u/mg,活力回收46.6%。纯化后的酶固定在戊二醛交联的壳聚糖上,酶活回收率为42.8%。固定化酶的最适pH为6.0,最适温度为60℃,且固定化酶在65~75℃活力都较高。该酶的耐热性比较强,固定化酶热稳定性优于原酶;以木聚糖为底物,固定化酶的表观米氏常数为0.93×10-2g/L。     

Structure of the xylanase from Penicillium simplicissimum.

Despite its relatively low pH and temperature optimum, the xylanase from Penicillium simplicissimum performs exceedingly well under conditions of paper bleaching. We have purified and characterized this enzyme, which belongs to family 10 of glycosyl hydrolases. Its gene was cloned, and the sequence of the protein was deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The xylanase was crystallized from ammonium sulfate at pH 8.4, and X-ray data were collected at cryo-temperature to a crystallographic resolution of 1.75 A. The crystal structure was solved by molecular replacement using the catalytic domain of the Clostridium thermocellum xylanase as a search model, and refined to a residual of R = 20% (R(free) = 23%) for data between 10 and 1.75 A. The xylanase folds in an (alpha/beta)8 barrel (TIM-barrel), with additional helices and loops arranged at the "top" forming the active site cleft. In its overall shape, the P. simplicissimum xylanase structure is similar to other family 10 xylanases, but its active site cleft is much shallower and wider. This probably accounts for the differences in catalysis and in the mode of action of this enzyme. Three glycerol molecules were observed to bind within the active site groove, one of which interacts directly with the catalytic glutamate residues. It appears that they occupy putative xylose binding subsites.     

青霉菌m8产胞外木聚糖酶的纯化及其性质研究

青霉菌m8产胞外木聚糖酶的适合培养基 (g/L) :含麦草粉 4 0 ,(NH4) 2 SO44.5 ,KH2 PO41.0 ,MgSO4·7H2 O 0 .5 ,NaCl 0 .3,Tween80 3.0 ,CaCO3 1.0。培养物中该酶经过离子交换和分子筛层析两步处理 ,粗酶被浓缩了 31倍 ,比活力达 4 6 7,收率为 5 0 %。该酶的最适 pH值为 4 .5 ,最适反应温度为 5 5℃ ,可被K+ ,Ca2 + ,Mg2 + 离子激活 ,而被Ag+ ,Fe3 + 和Cu2 + 离子纯化 ,其Km值为 4 .8× 10 -2 g/L。     

米曲霉耐热木聚糖酶纯化及酶学特性研究

对米曲霉原始发酵液中耐热木聚糖酶进行纯化和酶学特性研究,利用甘蔗渣为碳源培养米曲霉,通过超滤和阴离子交换柱两步纯化得到木聚糖酶XynH1,分子量35．402kDa,利用飞行时间质谱和SDS—PAGE分析,推断XynH1为XylanaseXynF1,分子量为35．402kDa。XynH1属于糖苷水解酶家族10,酶活为442．2IU／nag,最适pH和温度分别为pH6．0和65℃,80℃以下及pH4．0～10．5范围内较稳定。     

木聚糖酶与XIP型木聚糖酶抑制蛋白相互作用分子机制的研究进展

Xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP)型木聚糖酶抑制蛋白对大部分GH10、GH11家族的真菌木聚糖酶具有抑制作用,但是却不能抑制细菌来源和植物自身所产生的木聚糖酶。XIP型木聚糖酶抑制蛋白对木聚糖酶的抑制作用主要是通过模拟底物接触酶的活性位点,迅速阻塞底物进入活性位点区域的通道。然而,在对XIP型木聚糖酶抑制蛋白具有抗性的GH10和GH11木聚糖酶晶体结构中,连接二级结构的Loop构象严重阻碍了XIP型木聚糖酶抑制蛋白的抑制功能。与对XIP型木聚糖酶抑制蛋白敏感的木聚糖酶相比,氨基酸残基的插入突变导致抗性木聚糖酶的Loop具有明显的凸出构象;而在GH11家族抗性木聚糖酶中,"拇指"结构中部分氨基酸的替换致使XIP型木聚糖酶抑制蛋白与"拇指"结构无法形成稳固的氢键和疏水建,从而削弱XIP的抑制作用。     

Catalytic properties of the immobilized Aspergillus tamarii xylanase

Xylanase from Aspergillus tamarii was covalently immobilized on Duolite A147 pretreated with the bifunctional agent glutaraldehyde. The bound enzyme retained 54.2% of the original specific activity exhibited by the free enzyme (120 U/mg protein). Compared to the free enzyme, the immobilized enzyme exhibited lower optimum pH, higher optimum reaction temperature, lower energy of activation, higher K_m (Michaelis constant), lower V_max (maximal reaction rate). The half-life for the free enzyme was 186.0, 93.0, and 50.0 min for 40, 50, and 60°C, respectively, whereas the immobilized form at the same temperatures had half-life of 320, 136, and 65 min. The deactivation rate constant at 60°C for the immobilized enzyme is about 6.0 × 10⁻³, which is lower than that of the free enzyme (7.77 × 10⁻³ min). The energy of thermal deactivation was 15.22 and 20.72 kcal/mol, respectively for the free and immobilized enzyme, confirming stabilization by immobilization. An external mass transfer resistance was identified with the immobilization carrier (Duolite A147). The effect of some metal ions on the activity of the free and immobilized xylanase has been investigated. The immobilized enzyme retained about 73.0% of the initial catalytic activity even after being used 8 cycles.     

Fast flow rate processes for purification of alkaline xylanase isoforms from Bacillus pumilus AJK and their biochemical characterization for industrial application purposes

This study shows the presence of five isozymic forms of alkaline xylanase from Bacillus pumilus using fast flow rate microfiltration, ultrafiltration, Q-sepharose, and phenyl sepharose chromatographic techniques. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and zymographic studies also revealed the purity of five isoforms of alkaline xylanases. Isoforms—X-I, X-III, and X-V exhibited optimum activity at pH 8.5, whereas X-II, X-IV showed maximum activity at pH 9. All isoforms were optimally active at temperature 55°C. Isoforms were found to be stable at pH 7–11, showed 92–100% residual activity after 3 hr, treatment time for most industrial applications. The isoforms retained nearly 80–86% residual activity after incubating at 45°C for 3 hr. Molecular weights of xylanase I–V, were 13.1, 15.3, 18.4, 20.1, and 21.0 kDa, respectively. Mg²⁺ ions were found to be potent activator for all isozymic forms. The Km and Vmax values of X-I, X-II, X-III, X-IV, and X-V were 6.71, 6.66, 7.14, 5.88, 6.25 mg/ml and 2,000, 1,695, 1,666.66, 1,428.57, and 1,408.45 IU/mg protein, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed the monomeric nature of all isoforms. The low-molecular masses, significantly enhanced activity in the presence of industrially suitable—low cost activator, better stability of all isoforms at pH 7–11 and at higher temperature, also presence of multiple forms of alkaline xylanase, makes this enzyme suitable for textile–paper industries. This is also the first report mentioning the purification of five isozymic forms of alkaline xylanase using fast flow rate techniques.