牛膝多糖的组分分析及抗衰老活性研究

牛膝多糖 (Achyranthesbidentatapolysaccharides ,ABPS)是苋科植物牛膝 (AchyranthesbidentataBl.)根中的水溶性多糖 ,先后用DEAE_Sepharosefast_flow柱和SephadexG_10 0柱将牛膝粗多糖分为 4个组分 ,分别命名为 :Con .1、Con .2、Con .3和Con .4。Micro_Kjeldahl试验表明 ,Con .1中含有氮元素 3 .95 % ,另 3个小分子组分不含氮元素。以果蝇为动物模型研究了该 4个牛膝多糖组分的抗衰老作用 ,结果表明 ,大分子组分Con .1对果蝇无抗衰老作用 ,而另3个小分子量组分在培养基中浓度为 2和 5mg/g(多糖质量 /培养基质量 )时 ,都可显著或极显著地使果蝇平均体重增加 3 .85 % - 5 .47% ,并使果蝇平均寿命延长 2 .6 1% - 3.16 %。     

天麻糖复合物抗衰老作用的实验研究

天麻糖复合物是从兰科植物天麻的根茎中提取的水溶性物质,经柱色谱将其分为两个组分,分别命名为：Con.1,Con.2;考察灌胃后两个组分对小鼠血清中超氧化物岐化酶活性和过氧化脂质含量的影响,同时探讨两个组分对小鼠和果蝇的抗衰老作用及其机制.结果Con.1 0.1g/kg.d能明显提高小鼠血清中T-SOD活性,降低血清中过氧化脂质降解产物（MDA）含量;Con.1可延长果蝇的平均寿命和最高寿命,因此Con.1具有明显的抗衰老作用。但Con.2影响结果不明量.     

东北地区草本植物1个新记录科和3个新记录属

东北地区位于我国东北部,共有维管束植物164科928属3 103种。根据野外调查结果及相关资料,报道了东北地区草本植物1个新记录科—粟米草科(Molluginaceae)和3个新记录属—粟米草属(Mollugo L.)、牛膝属(Achyranthes L.)和秃疮花属(Dicranostigma Hook. f. et Thoms.),以及对应的3个新纪录种—粟米草(Mollugo stricta L.)、牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata Blume)和秃疮花[Dicranostigma leptopodum(Maxim.) Fedde]。新记录种凭证标本保存于大连自然博物馆植物标本室。这些新记录草本植物的发现,对东北地区生物多样性的研究具有重要意义,为其在我国的地理分布研究提供了新资料。     

不同诱导子对怀牛膝细胞生长及多糖含量的影响

为提高怀牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata)悬浮培养细胞中牛膝多糖的含量,以酵母提取物、榆黄蘑(Pleurotus citrinopileatus)及水杨酸作为诱导子,分别在同一时期以不同浓度或在不同时期以相同浓度添加至细胞培养物中,收获时测定细胞生长量和牛膝多糖含量。结果显示,在培养12天时添加2.5%(v/v)酵母诱导子,细胞干重最大,可达46.75 g·L–1,多糖含量为5.76 mg·g~(–1);在培养9天时添加5 mg GE·L–1榆黄蘑诱导子,收获时细胞中多糖含量可达6.56 mg·g~(–1),细胞干重达28.3g·L–1;1 mg·g~(–1)水杨酸对牛膝多糖的诱导效果不如以上2种诱导子明显。     

怀牛膝愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

1植物名称怀牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata)种子由河南省温县农业科学研究所提供. 2材料类别子叶. 3培养条件以MS为基本培养基.诱导愈伤组织及再分化的培养基:(1)MS 2,4-D 1.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) 6-BA 0.1;(2)MS 2,4-D 1.0 6-BA 1.0.生根培养基:(3)MS NAA 0.05.以上培养基均添加3%蔗糖、0.60%琼脂,pH 5.8～6.2,培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照度2 000 lx,光照时间14 h·d-1.     

怀牛膝细胞悬浮培养条件的优化

为进一步优化怀牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata)细胞悬浮培养条件,对接种量、继代周期、pH、光照及Cu~(2+)等多种影响因子的作用效果进行了研究,以提高怀牛膝细胞生长量及牛膝多糖含量。结果显示,接种量50 g·L~(–1)、继代周期14天,pH5–6和光照培养可以使细胞保持良好的生长状态及多糖合成能力;添加50μmol·L~(–1 )Cu~(2+),细胞的干重最大,可达44.63 g·L~(–1),多糖含量也最高,为4.02 mg·g~(–1)。     

怀牛膝细胞悬浮培养条件的优化

为进一步优化怀牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata)细胞悬浮培养条件,对接种量、继代周期、pH、光照及Cu2+等多种影响因子的作用效果进行了研究,以提高怀牛膝细胞生长量及牛膝多糖含量。结果显示,接种量50 g·L^–1、继代周期14天,pH5–6和光照培养可以使细胞保持良好的生长状态及多糖合成能力;添加50μmol·L^–1 Cu^2+,细胞的干重最大,可达44.63 g·L^–1,多糖含量也最高,为4.02 mg·g^–1。     

牛膝种子化学成分研究

从牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata Blume.)种子中分离得到8个化合物。通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为N-反式-阿魏酰酪胺(1)、亚油酸甘油酯(2)、β-蜕皮甾酮(3)、水龙骨甾酮B(4)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(5)、竹节参皂苷-1(6)、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)和胡萝卜甙(8)。化合物1、2、5和7为首次从牛膝中分离。     

蛹虫草多糖对果蝇寿命影响的研究

研究了蛹虫草多糖对果蝇寿命的影响.实验结果表明:蛹虫草多糖可明显延长果蝇的最高寿命、平均寿命及半数死亡时间,具有显著的抗衰延寿作用.其中,浓度为0.15%的蛹虫草多糖可使雌性果蝇的最高寿命延长率达21.77%;使雌雄果蝇的平均寿命延长率分别达34.35%和11.24%;使雌雄果蝇的半数死亡时间延长率分别为61.76%和23%.但是蛹虫草多糖对果蝇的延寿作用并不随培养基中虫草多糖浓度的提高而增强,只有在适当的浓度下,才能表现出显著的延寿效果.     

牛膝（苋科）轴器官中异常结构的研究

应用植物解剖学方法研究了牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata Blume)轴器官中异常结构的发育过程.研究结果表明,在牛膝根的发育过程中,其初生生长和早期的次生生长类似于一般双子叶植物.以后在正常维管柱的外围发生4～5轮额外形成层,并以双向活动方式形成同心环状排列的三生维管束和其间的薄壁结合组织.而在牛膝的茎中存在两种不同类型的异常结构.在茎的发育过程中,当次生维管束分化将完成时,由其外侧保留的1～2层原形成层细胞恢复分裂能力产生一轮额外形成层,额外形成层活动形成一轮三生维管束.茎中的2个外韧型髓维管束也来源于原形成层,与正常维管束在位置上没有相关性,但其结构类型存在多样性,有时可形成不完全的周木型髓维管束.     

Automated, on-line two-dimensional nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of complex protein digests

Evaluation of cellular processes and their changes at the level of protein expression and post-translational modifications may allow identification of novel proteins and the mechanisms involved in pathogenic processes. However, the number of proteins and, after tryptic digestion, of peptides from a single cell can be tremendously high. Separation and analysis of such complex peptide mixtures can be performed using multidimensional separation techniques such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis or two-dimensional-high-performance liquid chromatography (2-D-HPLC). The aim of this work was to establish a fully automated on-line 2-D-HPLC separation method with column switching for the separation of complex tryptic digests. A model mixture of five proteins as well as a nuclear matrix protein sample were digested with trypsin and separated using a strong cation exchange (SCX) column in the first dimension and nano reversed phase in the second dimension. Separated peptides were detected using an ion trap mass spectrometer. The advantages of this new fully automated method are rapid sample loading, the possibility of injecting large volumes and no introduction of salt into the mass spectrometer. Furthermore, column switching allows the independent control and optimization of the two dimensions independently.     

两种水溶性抗菌活性物质的分离提取

对水溶性、不解离的极性物质分离时,一般采用吸附层析和凝胶层析等途径。实验通过硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶柱层析以及硅胶ＧＦ２５４制备型薄板层析,从发酵液样品中分离出两种有抗菌活性的纯物质。薄层层析的展开剂为二氯甲烷－四氢呋喃－甲醇－水（２５：３０：２）,分离出的组分中Ｒｆ＝０．７和Ｒｆ＝０．８两种物质有抗菌活性。硅胶柱层析洗脱过程为梯度洗脱,先用１５０ｍｌ上述展开剂洗脱,再用二氯甲烷－甲醇（２０：８０）     

Isolation,Purification, and Resolution of the Extracellular Proteinase Complex of Aspergillus ochraceus513 with Fibrinolytic and Anticoagulant Activities

The extracellular proteinase complex of the microscopic fungus Aspergillus ochraceus513 was isolated, purified, and resolved by affinity chromatography on bacillichin-silochrom and subsequent column chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl 650M. The extracellular enzyme of the protein C activator type had a molecular mass of 36.5 kDa and activity close to that of the Agkistrodonsnake venom protein C activator. The fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activities of the enzyme were investigated.     

辣椒红色素与辣椒碱的提取分离

以干辣椒粉为原料,用95％乙醇作溶剂进行索氏提取,溶剂的用量为原料质量的5倍,减压蒸馏回收溶剂至浸膏状,用石油醚溶解注入硅胶柱。用石油醚：丙酮（V/V）=5：1的复配液为洗脱剂把色素洗脱下来,回收洗脱液,得到深红色油状辣椒红色素产品。留在柱子上的辣椒碱则用75％乙醇作溶剂洗脱下来,去除溶剂,无水乙醚结晶得白色的矩形晶体。     

Optimization of integrated chromatography sequences for purification of biopharmaceuticals

With continued development of integrated and continuous downstream purification processes, tuning and optimization become increasingly complicated with additional parameters and codependent variables over the sequence. This article offers a novel perspective of nonlinear optimization of integrated sequences with regard to individual column sizes, flow rates, and scheduling. The problem setup itself is a versatile tool to be used in downstream design which is demonstrated in two case studies: a four-column integrated sequence and a continuously loaded twin-capture setup with five columns.     

油橄榄叶中橄榄苦苷的分离纯化

考察了6种不同大孔树脂对橄榄苦苷的吸附,筛选出吸附选择性好的D101大孔吸附树脂为实验材料.得到的D101大孔树脂的最佳吸附条件:试样上样质量浓度41.06[J].,流速5 mL/min,50％乙醇溶液洗脱,洗脱液用量260mL,树脂可以反复使用.经大孔树脂富集后,橄榄苦苷的纯度可达55％以上,再经葡聚糖凝胶精纯化后,可达76％以上.     

Haemagglutination activity of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of Clostridium difficile

Abstract Cell extract of Clostridium difficile strains was fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and sulfated cellulofine column chromatography to detect haemagglutination (HA) activity. HA activity without cytotoxicity was detected in fractions eluted at 0.79–0.91 M NaCl in sulfated cellulofine column chromatography of the cell extract in both toxigenic strain VPI 10463 and non-toxigenic strain KZ 1678, while toxin A was detected in fractions eluted at 0.27–0.29 M NaCl. Antisera were prepared with HA substance-containing fractions of the chromatography. Antiserum to the HA substances(s) of strain VPI 10463 neutralised the HA activity of the fractions of strains VPI 10463 and KZ 1678 at nearly the same titres. Antiserum to the HA substance(s) of strain KZ 1678 also neutralised the HA activity of both strains at nearly the same titres as above. These findings suggest that haemagglutinin(s) is commonly produced by C. difficile strains irrespective of toxin A-producing ability.     

正相和反相柱层析组合分离纯化紫杉醇

采用正相氧化铝柱层析和反相C₁₈柱层析从东北红豆杉培养细胞浸提物中分离纯化了紫杉醇。优化了氧化铝柱层析和反相柱层析的操作条件。实验发现,经过氧化铝柱层析后,测得的紫杉醇量大大增加。经两步层析,使紫杉醇的含量从小于1.0%提高到95%,样品中微量杂质继以重结晶步骤除去,即可获得纯度超过98%的紫杉醇晶体。采用13-CNMR对晶体分析,所得产物结构与文献上紫杉醇的结构一致。     

硬孔灵芝的化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱层析法进行分离纯化,从硬孔灵芝Ganoderma duropora的氯仿萃取物中分离得到甾类化合物8种。根据波谱数据,化合物1-8结构分别被鉴定为:麦角甾醇、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3-酮、6,9-环氧麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇、过氧麦角甾醇、3,5-二羟基麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮、β-谷甾醇和胡萝卜苷。