The effects of phosphate supply on uptake of potassium ions, 2,4-D and atrazine by wheat and maize

The germination percentage of peach [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Halford] seeds at 20°C was low (< 20%) after incubation at 5°C for as long as 35 days, but then increased considerably (> 40%) when the seeds were maintained at 5°C for longer than 42 days. Four zones of gibberellin-like activity were found in partially purified seed extracts. Gibberellin-like activity remained low in seeds incubated at 5°C for as long as 28 days, but increased significantly in three of these zones after 35 days, and in the fourth zone after 49 days. The increase in gibberellin-like activity was evident prior to the transfer of the seeds to 20°C. Moreover, seeds maintained at 5°C germinated at this temperature after 63 days. For seeds incubated and germinated at 20°C, both the germination percentage and the gibberellin-like activity remained low throughout the experimental period. Application of the growth retardant paclobutrazol to seeds after 28 days of a 49 day total incubation period at 5°C did not substantially reduce seed germination, although the increase in gibberellin-like activity was prevented. Seeds did, however, require a longer time to germinate after transfer to 20°C and were dwarfed in appearance. Application of GA₃ to seeds prior to stratification increased the percentage germination of seeds only when they had been incubated at 5°C for at least 35 days. The major changes in gibberellin-like activity are, therefore, associated not so much with the processes which allow germination to take place in peach, but more with those processes which allow normal growth and development of the seedling.     

观赏桃品种需冷量的研究

采用0℃～7.2℃模型的累积低温计算方法,以加权法为萌芽计算标准,通过对29份观赏桃Prunus persica Batsch.(L.)品种资源的需冷量研究,结果表明:我国重瓣桃花品种的需冷量分布范围为400h～1250h,并以900h以上的品种为主.红花垂枝桃、红花重瓣寿星桃、鸳鸯垂枝、红叶桃、洒红桃和菊花桃等名优品种的需冷量分别为926h、930h、1188h、1112h、1214h 和1250h,郑州地区需冷量的满足时间基本在1月底之后.     

埃塞俄比亚芥与诸葛菜属间杂种的基因组原位杂交分析

用幼胚培养方法重新获得的埃塞俄比亚芥(Brassica carinata A.Braun,2n=34)与诸葛菜(Orychophragmus violaceus (L.)O.E.Schulz,2n=24)的属间杂种仍为混倍体(2n=14～34),2n=34细胞的频率最高;绝大多数花粉母细胞(PMCs)表现正常的17个二价体配对和17：17的分离。基因组原位杂交分析结果表明,在所有体细胞和PMCs中不含有整条的诸葛菜染色体,2n=34的体细胞和PMCs中包含了来自黑芥(B．nigra (L．)Koch,2n=16)的16条染色体。这些具有完全或部分埃塞俄比亚芥染色体组成的细胞,可能来源于以前提出的杂种细胞在有丝分裂中完全或部分亲本染色体组分开和染色体复制,并伴随诸葛菜染色体的消除。     

Saccharose and sorbitol transporters from plasmalemma membrane vesicles of peach tree leaves

The mechanisms of saccharose and sorbitol transport in Prunus persica leaves were investigated in plasma membrane vesicles purified by aqueous 2-phase partitioning and equilibrated in pH 7.5 buffer containing K+. The imposition of an artificial proton motive force energized an active uptake of both saccharose and sorbitol. The maximum uptake rate of saccharose was 2.5 times higher than that of sorbitol. Saccharose and sorbitol uptake exhibited saturation kinetics suggesting they were carrier-mediated. Apparent Km for the saccharose and the sorbitol uptake were 0.36 and 0.67 mM, respectively. Active absorption of saccharose was completely inhibited by a non-permeant thiol reagent, PCMBS, contrary to sorbitol absorption. These results suggested that saccharose and sorbitol were transported at least by two different carriers. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Autolysis in vitro of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibre cell walls

Root growth of partly defoliated young peach seedlings [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cv. Lovell] was significantly promoted by application of myo-inositol to the cut surface of the stem. Addition of benzylaminopurine (BA) combined with sucrose enhanced the promotive effect of myo-inositol on root growth, but addition of sucrose alone, suppressed it. Spraying rooted peach cuttings (nectarine cv. Sunred) with myo-inositol and defoliating them after 5 days increased the incorporation of amino acids into proteins in excised roots, obtained from the sprayed plants, as compared with roots from plants sprayed with water, or sucrose, or sucrose + myo-inositol. Myo-inositol applied in combination with kinetin or BA to stems of young peach seedlings (cv. Lovell) or rooted peach cuttings (cv. Almog) promoted the basipctal translocation of the two cytokinins in the stem and acropetally into the small lateral roots. Addition of sucrose voided this effect on the cytokinins. BA, when applied together with myo-inositol, was partly converted into an additional cytokinin-active compound in the roots.
Application of BA to either roots or tops of rooted peach cuttings (cv. Almog) resulted in the accumulation of myo-inositol (supplied through the cut surface of the stem) in the plant part to which BA had been applied.     

桃脂氧合酶基因的原核表达分析

利用RT-PCR技术从桃(Prunus persica L.)基因组中克隆到脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase,LOX)基因3(PpLOX-3)的ORF全长.ORF全长与原核表达载体pET-32a(+)相连接,构建重组原核表达载体pET-LOX-3,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,在IPTG诱导下,通过SDS-PAGE电泳,得到一条约125 kD的融合蛋白条带,除去pET-32a(+)自身诱导的约20 kD大小的蛋白后,结果与PpLOX-3编码的约105 kD蛋白的大小一致.     

油菜愈伤组织中烯丙基硫苷的积累和某些外源碳氮化合物对其含量的影响

油菜愈伤组织在培养中生长34d的增殖量最大,增殖倍数为7．08倍,烯丙基硫苷的含量在第6天最高;外源L-缬氨酸明显促进烯丙基硫苷的积累,其浓度为2和4mmol·L^-1时烯丙基硫苷含量分别达到98．5和97．40mg·g^-1（DW）;蔗糖最有利于油菜愈伤组织的生长和其中烯丙基硫苷的积累,浓度以30g·L^-1。的蔗糖为最佳。     

桃下胚轴高频离体再生体系的建立及优化

以6个桃品种的下胚轴为外植体,研究不同基因型、不同基本培养基及植物生长调节物质组合等对桃下胚轴离体再生不定芽的影响.结果显示:不同基因型桃下胚轴再生率差异显著;QL为'97-8-4'和'甜桃王'的最适基本培养基,MS为'金童5号'的最适基本培养基;植物生长调节物质用2.0 mg/L BA+0.04 mg/L NAA或单独使用2.0 mg/L BA的再生效果好.'97-8-4'在QL+2.0 mg/L BA+0.04 mg/L NAA+100 mg/L肌醇的培养基中再生率最高,为94.44%;'甜桃王' 在QL+2.0 mg/L BA+0.04 mg/L NAA+100 mg/L肌醇+500 mg/L CH的培养基中再生率最高,为80.42%;'金童5号'在QL+2.0 mg/L BA+0.04 mg/L NAA+200 mg/L肌醇的培养基中再生率最高,为78.00%.     

埃塞俄比亚芥与芥蓝杂交获得异源三倍体及其细胞学研究

以埃塞俄比亚芥(2n=4x=BBCC=34)和芥蓝(2n=2x=CC=18)为材料,通过相互杂交获得了异源三倍体(2n=3x=BCC=26)。该异源三倍体生长势较强;叶色等介于双亲之间;株型、花型和花大小偏向于埃塞俄比亚芥;花色与芥蓝的相同,为白花。减数分裂观察表明:在终变期,一般形成9个二价体和8个单价体(9Ⅱ+8Ⅰ),且B、C两组染色体表现出一定程度的分群现象;中期Ⅰ,CC基因组的9个二价体排列在赤道板上,而B组的8个单价体游离在赤道板周围;后期Ⅰ分到两极的染色体以13/13和12/14占多数,偶见落后的染色体。该BCC异源三倍体的获得为创建CC+B染色体的异附加系和研究B、C基因组间的亲缘关系奠定了基础。     

桃ACC合酶基因的分离及其差异表达

利用5′/3′RACE PCR技术,从桃(Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)果实中克隆了植物乙烯生物合成的关键酶--ACC合酶的全长cDNA pacs,对pacs基因进行全序列测定表明,该基因全长1 848个碱基,编码区为1 449个碱基,5′端有177个碱基的非编码区序列,3′端有219个碱基的非编码区序列(不包括终止密码子TAA).pacs基因编码区共编码483个氨基酸,蛋白质大小为54 kD,等电点为6.43.pacs与番茄(S19677)、梅(AB031026)、番木瓜(U68216)、苹果(AB034993)等其他植物ACC合酶cDNA氨基酸序列同源性分别为65%、70%、75%、90%,并存在与这些ACC合酶氨基酸的活性位点保守序列SLSKDMGFPGFR.RT-PCR结合杂交分析表明,pacs和我们以前克隆的桃ACC合酶cDNA pacs12(AF467782)在叶片和花中基因表达模式基本一致,伤处理和IAA均能诱导叶片pacs 和pacs12基因的表达,但pacs在伤处理叶片的表达水平比pacs12高;pacs 和pacs12基因在果实表达有所不同,pacs在绿熟和成熟果实中均有表达,而pacs12在绿熟果实中基本检测不到,在成熟果实中才有表达,两者在果实中的表达水平比伤处理和IAA处理叶片和花中要低.     

Light environment, growth and morphogenesis in a peach tree canopy

Morphogenic and growth processes were studied in relation to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and red, far red and blue spectral bands monitored at three different heights of a peach canopy during the vegetative season. The PAR intercepted by the bottom of the tree was significantly lower than that at the top, and blue fluence rate changed with height and season in a manner similar to PAR. Phytochrome photoequilibria indicated spatial and temporal differences in the three layers of the canopy: significantly lower values were detected at the bottom in correspondence with the maximum leaf area index. In this layer, a stimulation of internode elongation and a decrease of flower density were detected. Higher shoot growth rates and about double number of lateral shoots were found at the top of the canopy, where a greater number of sun leaves was present. Possible explanations in terms of different growth strategies induced by shade, depletion of blue, and low phytochrome levels at the bottom of the canopy are given.     

肥城桃中多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因的分离及其表达研究

多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（ＥＣ３．２．１．１５）是一类在果实后熟中起重要作用的细胞壁水解酶。肥城桃（Ｐｒｕｎｕｓｐｅｒｓｉｃａ（Ｌ．）Ｂａｔｓｃｈｃｖ．Ｆｅｉｃｈｅｎｇ）是中国特产名贵水果。报道了从肥城桃中克隆和鉴定出的一个编码ＰＧ全长的ｃＤＮＡ（ｐＭＴ１８）,此克隆长１１８８ｂｐ,包括一个３９３个氨基酸组成的开放阅读框架。比较肥城桃与其他植物的ＰＧ氨基酸序列,揭示出ＰＧ基因中具有７个比较保守的一致顺序。相似性及系统树分析表明,虽然桃中的ＰＧ与其他成熟相关的ＰＧ具有相当的相似性,但它们之间又存在比较远的进化距离,而且桃的ＰＧ在蛋白质结构上具有比较独特的特征,因此推测它可能属于进化上比较独特的类群。ＲＴＰＣＲ分析表明,肥城桃叶片中检测不到ＰＧ编码的ｍＲＮＡ,但在果实中其表达量却非常丰富。肥城桃ＰＧｃＤＮＡ在果实中特异表达的特性将有助于进一步研究其在果实成熟中的作用,并通过反义ＲＮＡ及转基因途径改善肥城桃的采后品质。