首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
植物抗真菌病害基因工程的研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
简述了转基因植物提高真菌性病害抗性方面的研究进展。  相似文献   

2.
植物抗真菌病害基因工程研究概述   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
真菌病害是作物损失的主要原因之一。作物病害的80%由病原真菌所引起。真菌病的危害性极大,如19世纪中期,爱尔兰曾因晚疫病严重爆发而导致马铃薯绝产,致使100万人挨饿、200万人被迫背井离乡远迁北美。过去,人们对作物真菌病害的控制有三条途径:(1)选育并采用抗病品种,育种方法为通过有性杂交利用作物本身或近缘种中的抗性基因;(2)施用化学杀菌剂;(3)采取预防措施,如轮作、  相似文献   

3.
植物抗真菌和细菌病害基因工程的策略及其进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文从(1)在植物与病原物相互识别水平上调控而激活其保卫反应机制;(2)导入植物保卫反应相关基因;()导人降解或抑制病原菌致病因子基因等方面讨论了植物抗真菌和细菌病害基因工程的策略,介绍了目前的主要进展,并对有关策略作了简要的评价。  相似文献   

4.
自从人类开始种植农作物以来,真菌病害就是造成作物损失的主要原因之一。目前控制真菌病害的主要方式不外乎轮作、培育抗真菌品种、施用化学农药等。虽然这些方法在不同时期都发挥了各自的作用,但由此而产生的各种弊病日益显著。随着人们对环境的关注及降低生产成本的愿望的不断增强,激励着育种家们寻求新的育种途径。建立在分子生物学技术基础上的基因工程方法,是培育抗病植物品种的一条全新而有效的途径。近年来由于对植物抗病反应机制及植物病原真菌致病机理的深入研究,该领域的研究者们提出了较多利用基因工程技术控制植物真菌病害的设想。目前。要从以下几种途径获取和利用抗真菌基因:从常规育种已确知但其产物未知的小种一品种特异的抗性基因;参与对真菌有毒性的化合物的合成酶基因;对真菌生长具有直接抑制作用的蛋白质基因、真菌酶抑制物基因、植保素基因等。该文就此方面的策略及进展做一综述。  相似文献   

5.
植物抗性基因工程研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
  相似文献   

6.
植物抗病毒基因工程的研究进展   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
自1986 年首次成功获得转基因抗病毒植物以来,植物抗病毒基因工程的研究与应用在世界各地蓬勃发展。本文综述了国内外在这方面的研究进展及最新成就,以及此领域的存在问题和前景展望。  相似文献   

7.
植物抗早基因工程研究进展   总被引:22,自引:1,他引:22  
从植物抗虫基因工程的研究历史出发,论述了第一代抗虫基因、第二代抗虫基因,重点介绍了B.t.杀虫晶体蛋白基因、胆固醇氧化酶基因和营养杀虫蛋白基因,并对植物抗虫基因工程中所遇到的问题和解决办法进行了探讨。  相似文献   

8.
植物抗冻基因工程研究进展   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
提高作物的抗冻性对于提高作物产量有着非常重要的意义。目前,对冷诱导基因、CBF、ICE、抗冻蛋白基因、脂肪酸去饱和酶基因、脯氨酸基因、SOD基因与抗冻的关系进行了广泛的研究,研究表明对这些抗冻相关基因进行转基因,可以提高植物的抗冻性。而一些抗冻基因应用到作物上,也可以提高作物的抗冻性。  相似文献   

9.
植物几丁质酶及其在抗真菌病害中的应用   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
植物几丁质酶的研究是抗真菌基因工程的热点之一。几丁质酶能够水解真菌细胞壁的主要成分几丁质,在植物抗真菌病害反应中发挥重要的作用。介绍了几丁质酶的基本生物学特性、基因的诱导表达,并对植物几丁质酶基因在抗真菌病害基因工程中的应用进行了阐述。  相似文献   

10.
植物抗性基因工程的研究是本世纪八十年代刚刚发展起来的一门崭新学科。因为这门学科处在植物抗性生理与植物基因工程两大学科的交叉点,加之植物抗性基因本身的复杂性,所以一开始就使这一方面的研究面临着较大的难度和艰巨性。然而,植物抗性基因工程的研究和应用在改造植物性状、创新植物类型以及大规模改造生态环境等方面的诱人前景,却时刻在吸引着世界各国有关学者们的密切关注和极大兴趣。  相似文献   

11.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Arabidopsis thaliana is known to produce the phytoalexin camalexin in response to abiotic and biotic stress. Here we studied the mechanisms of tolerance to camalexin in the fungus Botrytis cinerea , a necrotrophic pathogen of A. thaliana . Exposure of B. cinerea to camalexin induces expression of BcatrB , an ABC transporter that functions in the efflux of fungitoxic compounds. B. cinerea inoculated on wild-type A. thaliana plants yields smaller lesions than on camalexin-deficient A. thaliana mutants. A B. cinerea strain lacking functional BcatrB is more sensitive to camalexin in vitro and less virulent on wild-type plants, but is still fully virulent on camalexin-deficient mutants. Pre-treatment of A. thaliana with UV-C leads to increased camalexin accumulation and substantial resistance to B. cinerea. UV-C-induced resistance was not seen in the camalexin-deficient mutants cyp79B2/B3 , cyp71A13 , pad3 or pad2 , and was strongly reduced in ups1 . Here we demonstrate that an ABC transporter is a virulence factor that increases tolerance of the pathogen towards a phytoalexin, and the complete restoration of virulence on host plants lacking this phytoalexin.  相似文献   

12.
植物抗病毒基因工程育种策略及其进展   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
简要讨论了近年来植物抗病毒基因工程育种策略。这些策略包括利用植物自身的抗病毒基因;利用病毒宙蛋白基因、动物蛋白基因、复制酶基因、卫星RNA、反义链RNA和缺陷干扰型RNA;利用抗体基因、核酶和干扰素。并以各种策略的抗病毒机理及其在农业生产上的应用前景进行了讨论。  相似文献   

13.
Lettuce mosaic potyvirus (LMV) can be very destructive on lettuce crops worldwide. The LMV strain 0 (LMV-0) coat protein (CP) gene was engineered for expression in plants. It was introduced into three susceptible cultivars of Lactuca sativa using an improved procedure for transformation and regeneration of lettuce, by co-cultivation of leaf explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Several transformants accumulated detectable levels of LMV CP. The R1 progeny of twelve R0 transformants (four plants per cultivar) with T-DNA integration at one single locus, was studied for protection against LMV. The progeny from five R0 transformants showed resistance to LMV-0, with the effectiveness of resistance depending on the development stage of the plants at the time of inoculation. The R1 and R2 progeny from one of these R0 transformants, Cocarde-9a, were more extensively analysed. The homozygous but not the hemizygous R1 plants displayed protection to LMV-0. The R2 progeny from one homozygous R1 plant were shown to be resistant to infection by LMV-0 and other LMV strains. As previously observed in other cases of potyvirus sequence-mediated protection, a phenomenon of recovery was observed in some plants, as well as complete resistance. However, this recovery phenotype was not always maintained, as opposed to the previous described cases, leading to a late progression of viral infection.  相似文献   

14.
Oligosaccharins: structures and signal transduction   总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33  
  相似文献   

15.
植物硒同化的研究进展及其耐硒突变体的筛选   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
简要叙述了高等植物对硒元素吸收、同化的过程和特点。对近年来植物硒蛋白存在状态、硒相关突变体的筛选和应用硒代谢关键酶基因的转基因植物研究等方面的最新进展作了扼要综述。在此基础上对植物硒营养研究的发展提出了几点设想。  相似文献   

16.
诱导子促进植物次生代谢产物生产的研究进展   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
本文简要介绍了诱导子的分类和应用概况,讨论了诱导子的筛选、作用机制、作用效果等研究热点问题,同时简要介绍了诱导子之间的互作关系以及诱导子对植物生理生化反应的影响。  相似文献   

17.
    
Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is one of the most serious insect pests of cotton. Transgenic cotton expressing Cry toxins derived from a soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), has been produced to target this pest. Bt cotton has been widely planted around the world, and this has resulted in efficient control of bollworm populations with reduced use of synthetic insecticides. However, evolution of resistance by this pest threatens the continued success of Bt cotton. To date, no field populations of bollworm have evolved significant levels of resistance; however, several laboratory-selected Cry-resistant strains of H. armigera have been obtained, which suggests that bollworm has the capacity to evolve resistance to Bt. The development of resistance to Bt is of great concern, and there is a vast body of research in this area aimed at ensuring the continued success of Bt cotton. Here, we review studies on the evolution of Bt resistance in H. armigera, focusing on the biochemical and molecular basis of Bt resistance. We also discuss resistance management strategies, and monitoring programs implemented in China, Australia, and India.  相似文献   

18.
19.
The maize b-32 protein is a functional ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP), inhibiting in vitro translation in the cell-free reticulocyte-derived system and having specific N-glycosidase activity on 28S rRNA. Previous results indicated that opaque-2 (o2) mutant kernels, lacking b-32, show an increased susceptibility to fungal attack and insect feeding and that ectopic expression in plants of a barley and a pokeweed RIP leads to increased tolerance to fungal and viral infection. This prompted us to test whether b-32 might functi on as a protectant against pathogens. The b32.66 cDNA clone under the control of the potato wun1 gene promoter was introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Out of 23 kanamycin resistant regenerated shoots, 16 contained a PCR fragment of the corrrect size spanning the boundary between the promoter used and the coding region of the b-32 gene. Eight independently transformed tobacco lines were randomly chosen for protein analysis: all of them expressed b-32 protein. The data presented indicate that transgenic tobacco plants expressing b-32 show an increased tolerance against infection by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号