共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
植物抗真菌病害基因工程研究概述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
真菌病害是作物损失的主要原因之一。作物病害的80%由病原真菌所引起。真菌病的危害性极大,如19世纪中期,爱尔兰曾因晚疫病严重爆发而导致马铃薯绝产,致使100万人挨饿、200万人被迫背井离乡远迁北美。过去,人们对作物真菌病害的控制有三条途径:(1)选育并采用抗病品种,育种方法为通过有性杂交利用作物本身或近缘种中的抗性基因;(2)施用化学杀菌剂;(3)采取预防措施,如轮作、 相似文献
3.
植物抗真菌和细菌病害基因工程的策略及其进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文从(1)在植物与病原物相互识别水平上调控而激活其保卫反应机制;(2)导入植物保卫反应相关基因;()导人降解或抑制病原菌致病因子基因等方面讨论了植物抗真菌和细菌病害基因工程的策略,介绍了目前的主要进展,并对有关策略作了简要的评价。 相似文献
4.
自从人类开始种植农作物以来,真菌病害就是造成作物损失的主要原因之一。目前控制真菌病害的主要方式不外乎轮作、培育抗真菌品种、施用化学农药等。虽然这些方法在不同时期都发挥了各自的作用,但由此而产生的各种弊病日益显著。随着人们对环境的关注及降低生产成本的愿望的不断增强,激励着育种家们寻求新的育种途径。建立在分子生物学技术基础上的基因工程方法,是培育抗病植物品种的一条全新而有效的途径。近年来由于对植物抗病反应机制及植物病原真菌致病机理的深入研究,该领域的研究者们提出了较多利用基因工程技术控制植物真菌病害的设想。目前。要从以下几种途径获取和利用抗真菌基因:从常规育种已确知但其产物未知的小种一品种特异的抗性基因;参与对真菌有毒性的化合物的合成酶基因;对真菌生长具有直接抑制作用的蛋白质基因、真菌酶抑制物基因、植保素基因等。该文就此方面的策略及进展做一综述。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
植物抗早基因工程研究进展 总被引:22,自引:1,他引:22
从植物抗虫基因工程的研究历史出发,论述了第一代抗虫基因、第二代抗虫基因,重点介绍了B.t.杀虫晶体蛋白基因、胆固醇氧化酶基因和营养杀虫蛋白基因,并对植物抗虫基因工程中所遇到的问题和解决办法进行了探讨。 相似文献
8.
9.
李璇 《中国生物工程杂志》1991,11(2):14-20
植物抗性基因工程的研究是本世纪八十年代刚刚发展起来的一门崭新学科。因为这门学科处在植物抗性生理与植物基因工程两大学科的交叉点,加之植物抗性基因本身的复杂性,所以一开始就使这一方面的研究面临着较大的难度和艰巨性。然而,植物抗性基因工程的研究和应用在改造植物性状、创新植物类型以及大规模改造生态环境等方面的诱人前景,却时刻在吸引着世界各国有关学者们的密切关注和极大兴趣。 相似文献
10.
植物几丁质酶及其在抗真菌病害中的应用 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
植物几丁质酶的研究是抗真菌基因工程的热点之一。几丁质酶能够水解真菌细胞壁的主要成分几丁质,在植物抗真菌病害反应中发挥重要的作用。介绍了几丁质酶的基本生物学特性、基因的诱导表达,并对植物几丁质酶基因在抗真菌病害基因工程中的应用进行了阐述。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
Community response to transgenic plant release: using mathematical theory to predict effects of transgenic plants 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
D. A. ANDOW 《Molecular ecology》1994,3(1):65-70
Predicting the potential effects of introductions of plants on the structure of plant communities has been elusive. I suggest that mathematical models of resource competition might be useful for identifying categories of plants that either are unlikely to alter community structure or that have the potential for altering community structure. Assuming that the transgenic plant will escape and establish viable populations in nontarget habitats, this theory suggests that species that have a high minimum resource requirement are unlikely to alter community structure. The theory is elaborated to evaluate the potential effects on community structure of transgenic plants with resistance to primary consumers. Results indicate that the greatest reduction in the minimum resource requirement caused by resistance will occur when consumers are consuming enough plant biomass that the plant can no longer grow. If resistance to such a consumer were incorporated into a plant, it could lower the minimum resource requirement sufficiently that a transgenic plant would be able to alter community structure substantially. Examples of introductions of exotic plants, plant pathogens, and insect herbivores are given to support the conceptual basis of the theory. Not all transgenic plants with resistance, however, have the potential to alter community structure. Resistance to primary consumers that strongly reduce the biomass producing ability of a plant will probably be able to alter community structure, whereas resistance that reduces most other types of yield loss is less likely to alter community structure. The theory should be elaborated to incorporate more-realistic assumptions, such as those regarding reproduction, dormancy, and dispersal of the transgenic plants, and provide more detailed characterization of the potential hazard of transgenic plants to plant communities. 相似文献
14.
植物分子群体遗传学研究动态 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
分子群体遗传学是当代进化生物学研究的支柱学科, 也是遗传育种和关于遗传关联作图和连锁分析的基础理论学科。分子群体遗传学是在经典群体遗传的基础上发展起来的, 它利用大分子主要是DNA序列的变异式样来研究群体的遗传结构及引起群体遗传变化的因素与群体遗传结构的关系, 从而使得遗传学家能够从数量上精确地推知群体的进化演变, 不仅克服了经典的群体遗传学通常只能研究群体遗传结构短期变化的局限性, 而且可检验以往关于长期进化或遗传系统稳定性推论的可靠程度。同时, 对群体中分子序列变异式样的研究也使人们开始重新审视达尔文的以“自然选择”为核心的进化学说。到目前为止, 分子群体遗传学已经取得长足的发展, 阐明了许多重要的科学问题, 如一些重要农作物的DNA多态性式样、连锁不平衡水平及其影响因素、种群的变迁历史、基因进化的遗传学动力等, 更为重要的是, 在分子群体遗传学基础上建立起来的新兴的学科如分子系统地理学等也得到了迅速的发展。文中综述了植物分子群体遗传研究的内容及最新成果。 相似文献
15.
The ABC transporter BcatrB from Botrytis cinerea exports camalexin and is a virulence factor on Arabidopsis thaliana 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Francesca L. Stefanato Eliane Abou-Mansour Antony Buchala Matthias Kretschmer reas Mosbach Matthias Hahn Christian G. Bochet Jean-Pierre Métraux Henk-jan Schoonbeek 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2009,58(3):499-510
Arabidopsis thaliana is known to produce the phytoalexin camalexin in response to abiotic and biotic stress. Here we studied the mechanisms of tolerance to camalexin in the fungus Botrytis cinerea , a necrotrophic pathogen of A. thaliana . Exposure of B. cinerea to camalexin induces expression of BcatrB , an ABC transporter that functions in the efflux of fungitoxic compounds. B. cinerea inoculated on wild-type A. thaliana plants yields smaller lesions than on camalexin-deficient A. thaliana mutants. A B. cinerea strain lacking functional BcatrB is more sensitive to camalexin in vitro and less virulent on wild-type plants, but is still fully virulent on camalexin-deficient mutants. Pre-treatment of A. thaliana with UV-C leads to increased camalexin accumulation and substantial resistance to B. cinerea. UV-C-induced resistance was not seen in the camalexin-deficient mutants cyp79B2/B3 , cyp71A13 , pad3 or pad2 , and was strongly reduced in ups1 . Here we demonstrate that an ABC transporter is a virulence factor that increases tolerance of the pathogen towards a phytoalexin, and the complete restoration of virulence on host plants lacking this phytoalexin. 相似文献
16.
Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is one of the most serious insect pests of cotton. Transgenic cotton expressing Cry toxins derived from a soil bacterium,
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), has been produced to target this pest. Bt cotton has been widely planted around the world, and this has resulted in
efficient control of bollworm populations with reduced use of synthetic insecticides. However, evolution of resistance by
this pest threatens the continued success of Bt cotton. To date, no field populations of bollworm have evolved significant
levels of resistance; however, several laboratory-selected Cry-resistant strains of H. armigera have been obtained, which suggests that bollworm has the capacity to evolve resistance to Bt. The development of resistance
to Bt is of great concern, and there is a vast body of research in this area aimed at ensuring the continued success of Bt
cotton. Here, we review studies on the evolution of Bt resistance in H. armigera, focusing on the biochemical and molecular basis of Bt resistance. We also discuss resistance management strategies, and
monitoring programs implemented in China, Australia, and India. 相似文献
17.
镉超积累植物及植物镉积累特性转基因改良研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
植物提取修复技术是一项既经济又环保的土壤镉(Cd)污染修复技术,该技术的关键是筛选Cd超积累植物或利用基因工程手段改良植物以提高其Cd积累能力。人们已发现遏兰菜等7种Cd超积累植物及美人蕉等潜在的Cd超积累植物。还发现了许多与Cd耐受和积累能力有关的基因:(1)编码与Cd积累、耐受有关酶的基因,如细菌中的ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid),植物中的PCS(Phytochelatin Synthase)基因;(2)编码金属结合蛋白的基因:MT(Metallothionein)、转运蛋白(P-type ATPase、ABC型转运器)基因;(3)其它相关基因:Hvhsp17、PvSR2(Phaseolus vulgaris stress-related gene number 2)等。并将其中的一些基因转入到其它生物中,提高了其对Cd的耐受性和积累量,为实现Cd污染土壤修复的目标奠定基础。 相似文献
18.
High level of resistance to potato virus Y by expressing P1 sequence in antisense orientation in transgenic potato 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mäki-Valkama Tuula Pehu Tuula Santala Anne Valkonen Jari P.T. Koivu Kimmo Lehto Kirsi Pehu Eija 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2000,6(1):95-104
19.
木本油料植物麻疯树的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近来,麻疯树(Jatropha curcas L.)因可以作为生物柴油的原料而受到广泛关注。虽然麻疯树具有含油量高且可在边际土地种植的优势,但同时存在理想品种缺乏、种植面积限制、基础研究薄弱等方面的问题。为了使常规育种和生物技术改良工作者更好地了解麻疯树的研究进展,确定日后麻疯树育种和遗传改良的方向,综述了麻疯树种质资源与遗传多样性分析、生理及对环境适应性、组学研究、油脂合成功能基因研究、育种等方面国内外的最新进展。 相似文献