一种新型锌指蛋白基因——人ZNF313的克隆、定位及表达(英文 )

运用正常可育男性和无精症病人睾丸组织的mRNA差异显示和cDNA末端快速扩增 (RACE)等方法 ,从人睾丸组织中分离了一个同时含有指环结构和C2 H2 结构域的新型锌指蛋白基因———人ZNF3 13。运用荧光原位杂交 (FISH)方法 ,将该基因定位到人染色体 2 0q13。该基因含 6个外显子 ,编码 2 2 8个氨基酸。基因组结构分析显示 ,外显子 6含有的 2个加尾信号 ,产生 2种不同的 3′端非翻译区。Northern杂交及多组织RT PCR的结果显示该基因含有 0 .75kb和 2 .4kb两种转录本 ,其中0 .75kb转录本在正常睾丸中高表达 ,而其他组织、无精症患者及胎儿睾丸组织中该基因低表达。结果提示 :人ZNF3 13基因对精子发生和男性可育性可能起重要作用     

一种新型锌指蛋白基因——人ZNF313的克隆、定位及表达

运用正常可育男性和无精症病人睾丸组织的mRNA差异显示和cDNA末端快速扩增（PACE）等方法,从人睾丸组织中分离了一个同时含有指环结构和C2H2结构域的新型锌指蛋白基因——人ZNF313。运用荧光原位杂交（FISH）方法,将该基因定位到人染色体20q13。该基因含6个外显子,编码228个氨基酸。基因组结构分析显示,外显子6含有的2个加尾信号,产生2种不同的3‘端非翻译区。Northern杂交及多组织RT-PCR的结果显示该基因含有0.75kb和2.4kb两种转录本,其中0.75kb转录本在正常睾丸中高表达,而其他组织、无精症患者及胎儿睾丸组织中该基因代表达。结果提示：人ZNF313基因对精子发生和男性可育性可能起重要作用。     

牛组织中MBD1基因表达及其DNA甲基化调节

DNA甲基化是主要的表观遗传调节方式,在转录水平调节基因的表达,甲基化CpG结合蛋白MBD1能够结合甲基化及非甲基化的DNA,通过抑制域抑制基因的转录,在DNA甲基化和转录抑制之间起重要作用,但DNA甲基化对MBD1自身的调节作用还不清楚.本研究首先利用RT-PCR检测成年牛心脏、肾脏、肝脏、睾丸及卵巢5种组织中MBD1基因mRNA的表达;并根据牛MBD1调节区序列,针对其中的12个CpG位点设计引物,利用甲基化PCR测序分析方法,分析该调节区的DNA甲基化状态在牛5种组织中的变化.结果表明,在牛的5种组织中,MBD1基因在心脏和肾脏的表达量低于肝脏、睾丸及卵巢,且差异显著(P＜0.05);DNA甲基化检测显示,心脏和肾脏MBD1调节区的甲基化比率较肝脏、睾丸及卵巢甲基化低,说明调控区DNA甲基化与MBD1基因的组织特异性表达相关.     

利用电子差异展示方法克隆人类睾丸高表达新基因SPATA11

利用NCBI中的电子差异展示(digital differential display,DDD)软件,比较来自睾丸(包括睾丸癌)与来自其它组织的EST文库,从筛查人类睾丸中高表达而在其他组织中不表达或低表达的差异ESTs入手,成功克隆了一个在人类睾丸中高表达的新基因SPATA11．RT-PCR实验证实其在成人睾丸高表达．序列分析表明该基因含4个外显子,基因组跨越2．6kb,定位于19pl3．3．cDNA编码一个含221个氨基酸,相对分子质量为24．5kD的新蛋白．Northern杂交结果显示：该基因含有1．1kb大小的唯一转录本,主要在睾丸中强表达．肝脏、肺、卵巢和肾脏中有微弱表达．而其他组织中该基因无表达．     

小鼠睾丸生精细胞凋亡相关基因mTSARG3的克隆

从在小鼠隐睾和正常睾丸对照中表达量有明显差异的EST片段 (BE6 4 4 5 37)出发 ,利用GeneScan软件分析该片段所在染色体基因组序列 ,获得一个包含该EST的新基因序列。设计该基因特异性引物从小鼠睾丸cDNA文库中进行PCR扩增 ,分离出小鼠睾丸生精细胞凋亡相关基因mTSARG3(GenBank登录号为AF4 192 92 )。该基因定位于小鼠 7号染色体 7E1 E2区带 ,全长为 11kb ,cDNA全长为 132 8bp ,包含 8个外显子 ,编码由 316个氨基酸组成的、分子量为 36kD的蛋白质。该蛋白质含有DnaJ区和DnaJ- c区 ,与热激蛋白 4 0家族多种蛋白质有较高相似性 ,其中与小鼠DJB4 - MOUSE在 336aa的范围内有 4 6 %的相似性 ,属热激蛋白 4 0家族新成员。多组织RT PCR和Northern印迹结果显示 ,该基因在小鼠睾丸组织高表达 ,转录本大小约为 1.35kb ;Southern杂交结果显示 ,该基因在小鼠正常睾丸和隐睾组织无缺失和重排。实验结果证明成功克隆到了一个小鼠睾丸生精细胞凋亡相关基因mT SARG3。     

一个新的人类锌指蛋白基因ZNF474的cDNA克隆和表达分析

数据库消减杂交就是利用NCBI中的Unigene数据库中大量的数据资源,收集各种细胞或组织的基因表达谱进行两两比较或多重比较,获得两组文库间有统计学意义的差异表达基因。运用NCBI中的数据库消减杂交分析方法,从人睾丸组织中分离了一个含有C2H2结构的新型锌指蛋白基因-ZNF474(GenBank登录号：AY461732)．通过推导和进一步的RT—PCR实验证实：该基因含2个外显子,gDNA在染色体上跨度30065bp,定位于人染色体5q23．1-q23。2．cDNA编码一个含364个氨基酸的新蛋白,分子质量是40．3kDa,等电点为9．59。Northem杂交结果显示：该基因含有2．37kb大小的唯一转录本,主要在睾丸中很强表达,卵巢中有弱表达,而其他组织中该基因无表达．结果提示：ZNF474基因对精子发生和卵母细胞的发育可能起重要作用、     

运用数字差异展示方法克隆一个人类新的锌指蛋白基因ZNF474

运用数字差异展示方法,克隆一个与生精相关的睾丸高表达基因。借助公共ESTs数据库,利用DDD软件比较分析各种睾丸文库与其他组织或细胞系文库有差异表达的ESTs,成功克隆到一个在人类睾丸中高表达的新基因。结合实验获得新基因cDNA全长,该基因被国际人类基因命名委员会命名为ZNF474(GeneBank登陆号AY461732)。ZNF474的cDNA全长为1 972 bp,定位在5 q23.2。通过RT-PCR及测序验证,其开放阅读框的位置在377 bp~1 471 bp处,编码364个氨基酸,在氨基酸水平与小鼠同源基因有66%的一致性,而与其他已知蛋白质无明显同源性。Northern杂交分析显示ZNF474在成体睾丸组织特异高表达,卵巢组织弱表达,在多种其他组织中不表达,为单一转录本。原位杂交显示ZNF474基因在正常成人睾丸组织各级生精细胞、隐睾组织以及精原细胞癌组织中均有较高表达。综上考虑,推测ZNF474作为生殖细胞中特异的转录因子,对人类的精子发生和卵母细胞的发育可能起重要作用。     

一个新的睾丸特异表达基因的克隆及功能的初步分析

运用“数据库消减杂交”(digital differential display)方法来筛选人类睾丸特异表达新基因,获得了有差异显示的代表新基因的克隆重叠群。挑选其中一个克隆重叠群HS．326528进行多组织RT—PCR,初步获得该重叠群在人睾丸中有高表达。从该重叠群的IMAGE出发,采用生物信息学的方法快速克隆了一个人类新基因的全长cDNA序列,其全长1044bp,开放阅读框为214～529bp,定位于15q26．2,编码由105个氨基酸组成、分子量为11．7kD、等电点为10．09的一个碱性蛋白,该蛋白与已知蛋白无明显的同源性,克隆实验证明该基因的阅读框完全正确,RT—PCR和Northern blot显示该基因在人类睾丸中特异表达,实时PCR结果表明：该基因在成人睾丸中高表达,在精子中有中度表达,在胚胎睾丸中低表达,推测该基因与精子的生成有关,命名为SRG8(homo sapiens spermatogenesis—related gene 8)(GenBank登录号：AY489187),该基因编码的蛋白定位于细胞核。流式结果分析表明,SRG8基因能够促使HeLa细胞由S期向G2期的转变,从而加速细胞的分裂。这些结果表明SRG8基因可能在睾丸的发育及精子的形成过程中起重要的作用。     

人类生精相关基因TSARG4的cDNA克隆

为了探索精子生成的分子机制 ,从人精子外部致密纤维蛋白相关基因SPAG4(spermantigen 4)和小鼠精母细胞中表达的AK0 0 62 2 5基因出发 ,找到两个人类EST ,BG72 0 5 64和AI70 0 45 4,其中BG72 0 5 64在人睾丸中表达。运用“间隙填充法”填平这两个EST之间的间隙 ,从人睾丸文库中快速克隆了同源于SPAG4和AK0 0 62 2 5基因的人类TSARG4基因 (testisandspermatogenesisrelatedgene 4) (GenBank登录号为AF40 13 5 0 ) ,并用RT PCR对该基因阅读框进行验证。TSARG4基因全长 12 5 2bp ,开放阅读框为 94～ 12 3 3bp ,定位于 2 0q11.2 ,推定编码 3 79个氨基酸 ,预计分子量为 43 0 81.45 ,等电点为 8.61,该基因与小鼠精母细胞基因AK0 0 62 2 5编码的氨基酸序列同源性 74% ,与人类SPAG4基因编码的氨基酸序列同源性 45 %。RT PCR表明人类TSARG4基因在多个组织中均有表达 ,而同源的小鼠AK0 0 62 2 5基因仅在睾丸中表达     

MTNR1a和MTNR1b在牦牛不同组织中的表达及其在睾丸中的定位

褪黑素对调节季节性繁殖哺乳动物的生殖具有重要调节作用。其受体MTNR1a（Melatonin receptor 1a,褪黑素受体1a）主要参与昼夜节律和生殖调控,MTNR1b（Melatonin receptor 1b,褪黑素受体1b）与多种疾病发生密切相关。为了探讨褪黑素受体基因的生物学功能,本实验对牦牛不同组织中MTNR1a、MTNR1b基因的表达与定位情况进行了研究。采用qRT-PCR (Quantitative Real-Time PCR, qRT-PCR) 检测成年雄性牦牛各组织及不同发育阶段（30日龄,2岁、4岁、6岁和8岁龄）牦牛睾丸组织中MTNR1a、MTNR1b mRNA的表达规律,并运用免疫组化技术对不同年龄牦牛睾丸中MTNR1a、MTNR1b蛋白进行了定位研究。结果发现,MTNR1a mRNA在松果体组织中表达量最高,肺脏、肌肉和睾丸次之;随着年龄增加,MTNR1a mRNA在睾丸中的表达量逐渐升高,到4岁后表达量趋于平稳;MTNR1a蛋白在不同发育阶段牦牛睾丸组织中均有表达,圆形精子呈现较强的免疫阳性,其次为初级精母细胞;MTNR1b mRNA在松果体表达量最高（P<0.05）,肾脏、肝脏和下丘脑次之;在不同年龄牦牛睾丸中MTNR1b mRNA均有表达,且随着年龄的增加表达量逐渐增加,在8岁时表达量最高;MTNR1b蛋白主要定位在圆形精子细胞中。MTNR1a、MTNR1b基因在牦牛不同组织及不同发育阶段睾丸中的广泛表达,揭示了其在雄性牦牛生殖等生理过程中的重要作用。     

The yeast homolog to mouse Tcp-1 affects microtubule-mediated processes.

A Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog to Drosophila melanogaster and mouse Tcp-1 encoding tailless complex polypeptide 1 (TCP1) has been identified, sequenced, and mapped. The mouse t complex has been under scrutiny for six decades because of its effects on embryogenesis and sperm differentiation and function. TCP1 is an essential gene in yeast cells and is located on chromosome 4R, linked to pet14. The TCP1-encoded proteins in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse cells share between 61 and 72% amino acid sequence identities, suggesting a primordial function for the TCP1 gene product. To assess function, we constructed a cold-impaired recessive mutation (tcp1-1) in the yeast gene. Cells carrying the tcp1-1 mutation grew linearly rather than exponentially at the restrictive temperature of 15 degrees C with a generation time of approximately 32 h in minimal medium. Both multinucleate and anucleate cells accumulated with time, suggesting that the linear growth kinetics may be explained by the generation of anucleate buds incapable of further cell division. In addition, the multinucleate and anucleate cells contained morphologically abnormal structures detected by anti-alpha-tubulin antibodies. The kinetics of appearance of these abnormalities suggest that they are a direct consequence of loss of function of the TCP1 protein and not a delayed, indirect consequence of cell death. We also observed that strains carrying tcp1-1 were hypersensitive to antimitotic compounds. Taken together, these observations imply that the TCP1 protein affects microtubule-mediated processes.     

Male germ cell-specific expression of a novel Patched-domain containing gene Ptchd3

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays an important role in various biological processes, including pattern formation, cell fate determination, proliferation, and differentiation. Hh function is mediated through its membrane receptor Patched. Herein, we have characterized a novel Patched-domain containing gene Ptchd3 in mouse. Messenger RNA of Ptchd3 was exclusively detected in the testis, and existed in two isoforms Ptchd3a and Ptchd3b. The expression of these two mRNA isoforms was shown to be developmentally regulated in testes, and specifically found in male germ cells. Further analysis revealed that the Ptchd3 protein was located on the midpiece of mouse, rat and human sperm. Collectively, these results indicate that Ptchd3 is a novel male germ cell-specific gene and may be involved in the Hh signaling to regulate sperm development and/or sperm function.     

Protein 4.1 R-135 interacts with a novel centrosomal protein (CPAP) which is associated with the gamma-tubulin complex

Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we isolated a novel human centrosomal protein, CPAP (centrosomal P4.1-associated protein), which specifically interacts with the head domain of the 135-kDa protein 4.1R isoform (4.1R-135). Sequence analysis revealed that the carboxyl terminus of CPAP has 31.3% amino acid identity with human Tcp-10 (a t-complex responder gene product). Interestingly, most of the sequence identity is restricted to two conserved regions. One carries a leucine zipper, which may form a series of heptad repeats involved in coiled-coil formation; the other contains unusual glycine repeats with unknown function. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that CPAP and gamma-tubulin are localized within the centrosome throughout the cell cycle. CPAP cosediments with gamma-tubulin in sucrose gradients and coimmunoprecipitates with gamma-tubulin, indicating that CPAP is a part of the gamma-tubulin complex. Furthermore, functional analysis revealed that CPAP is localized within the center of microtubule asters and may participate in microtubule nucleation. The formation of microtubule asters was significantly inhibited by anti-CPAP antibody. Together, these observations indicate that CPAP may play an important role in cell division and centrosome function.     

Identification of the 48-kDa G11 protein from guinea pig testes as sperad

A protein found specifically in the membrane of spermatozoa called G11 has been implicated in sperm-egg binding and fusion. This study describes purification and identification of the G11 antigen. The G11 protein was purified using anion exchange chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography and preparative SDS-PAGE and was subjected to amino acid microsequencing by tandem mass spectrometry. Internal amino acid sequence data derived from the 48-kDa G11 protein revealed that G11 is the recently discovered guinea pig sperm protein, sperad. Sperad is a transmembrane protein present in the periacrosomal plasma membrane of guinea pig sperm. The cytoplasmic domain of sperad was amplified from a guinea pig testes cDNA expression library by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into a prokaryotic gene expression vector, pGEX-2T. The recombinant glutathione S-transferase fusion protein was immunoblotted with monoclonal antibody G11. The results obtained from this study confirmed the monoclonal antibody G11 epitope location on the cytoplasmic domain of sperad.     

A novel splice variant of human XRN2 gene is mainly expressed in blood leukocyte.

The XRN2 gene (XRN2a) is the human homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAT1 gene, which encodes a nuclear 5'-->3' exoribonuclease, and is essential for RNA metabolism and cell viability. Xrn2p/Rat1p, product of XRN2/RAT1 gene, functions in the mRNA degradation and processing of rRNAs and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in the nucleus. Here we describe the cloning and characterization of a novel splice variant of the human XRN2 gene (XRN2b). The 3271-bp cDNA encodes a putative protein with 907 amino acid residues, which shares high homology with mouse DHM1 protein. RT-PCR analysis showed that XRN2b was mainly expressed in blood leukocyte tissue, while XRN2a was detected in several human tissues and in human tumor tissues.