铜绿假单胞菌完整细胞a-氨基酸酯水解酶的性质

铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa) AS 1.204完整细胞a-氨基酸酯水解酶能催化a-氨基酸酯的水解和转移a-氨基酸酯的酰基到胺亲核试剂上。在水解和转移反应中酶的一般性质相同,最适pH为5．2,最适温度都是40℃。7-氨基脱乙酰氧基头孢烷酸(7一ADCA)抑制苯甘氮酸甲酣(PG-Ome)的水解。因此,该酶催化7一ADCA和PG-Ome转化成相应的半合成头孢菌素。     

重组a-氨基酸酯水解酶合成头孢曲嗪

为了探索酶法合成头孢曲嗪的产业化工艺路线,从红纹黄单胞菌Xanthomonas rubrillineans中克隆-氨基酸酯水解酶基因全序列,转化入大肠杆菌中表达。以头孢曲嗪的合成转化率为指标,分别考察纯化的重组-氨基酸酯水解酶合成头孢曲嗪的最适温度、最适pH和最佳底物摩尔比。经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,重组-氨基酸酯水解酶的单体分子量为70 kDa。催化合成头孢曲嗪的最适pH为(6.0±0.1),最适温度为36℃。底物浓度约为7-ATTC 30 mmol/L、HPGM HCl 120 mmol/L,酶用量22 U/mL时,头孢曲嗪的转化率达到64.3%。结果为优化酶法合成头孢曲嗪的产业化工艺奠定了基础。     

全细胞高通量筛选a-氨基酸酯水解酶突变体的方法

【目的】建立高效敏感的高通量筛选方法,用于筛选头孢克洛合成活性提高或热稳定性提高的a-氨基酸酯水解酶。【方法】根据头孢克洛在碱性条件下水解生成的衍生物在340 nm处有特征吸收峰的原理,制作出标准曲线。采用全细胞96孔板紫外分光光度法高通量测定a-氨基酸酯水解酶突变体的头孢克洛合成活性。【结果】头孢克洛含量与△A340?405在0.1?0.6×10?3 mol/L浓度范围内有良好的线性关系, 服从朗伯-比尔定律, 平均回收率为99.8%?101.3％。一轮定点饱和突变产生的2 300个克隆经该方法的筛选, 获得3株kcat提高40%以上, 4株半失活温度较野生型提高5 °C以上的突变体酶。【结论】该方法准确可靠,每天筛选量可达到2 000个反应, 达到高通量筛选要求。     

全细胞高通量筛选α-氨基酸酯水解酶突变体的方法

【目的】建立高效敏感的高通量筛选方法,用于筛选头孢克洛合成活性提高或热稳定性提高的α-氨基酸酯水解酶。【方法】根据头孢克洛在碱性条件下水解生成的衍生物在340 nm处有特征吸收峰的原理,制作出标准曲线。采用全细胞96孔板紫外分光光度法高通量测定α-氨基酸酯水解酶突变体的头孢克洛合成活性。【结果】头孢克洛含量与△A340?405在(0.1?0.6)×10?3 mol/L浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,服从朗伯-比尔定律,平均回收率为99.8%?101.3%。一轮定点饱和突变产生的2 300个克隆经该方法的筛选,获得3株kcat提高40%以上,4株半失活温度较野生型提高5°C以上的突变体酶。【结论】该方法准确可靠,每天筛选量可达到2 000个反应,达到高通量筛选的要求。     

羟基乙腈水解酶菌株的筛选及其催化特性

以羟基乙腈为唯一氮源, 从土壤中筛选到一株腈水解酶产生菌CCZU-12, 经形态观察生理生化实验和16S rDNA序列分析, 鉴定该菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。对菌株CCZU-12产腈水解酶的培养条件及催化反应条件进行优化, 最适产酶培养条件为: 碳源为10 g/L乙酸钠, 氮源为5 g/L酵母粉, 金属离子为1.0 mmol/L Mg2+, 培养温度30 °C, pH值7.0, 接种量4%, 装液量50 mL/250 mL; 最适催化反应温度35 °C, pH值7.0, 反应120 h, 羟基乙腈转化率达到98.9%。     

胆盐水解酶产生菌的筛选及其益生潜力研究

目的从健康仔猪肠道及粪便中筛选具有胆盐水解酶活性的优良益生乳杆菌菌株,并对筛选菌株的体外、体内益生潜力进行初步探讨。方法用MRS培养基分别从仔猪新鲜粪便和小肠黏膜分离培养乳酸菌,用筛选鉴别培养基筛选阳性菌株,研究菌株的抗逆能力、黏附特性以及体内益生活性。结果从粪便和小肠黏膜共得到乳酸菌388株和97株,其中胆盐水解酶阳性菌株分别为291株(75%)和86株(89%)。选择5株胆盐水解酶活性最强、能水解游离胆酸的菌株,研究菌株的抗逆能力、黏附特性以及体内益生活性,并对最终选育得到的菌株进行生理生化及16S rRNA分子鉴定,发现菌株罗伊乳杆菌G22-2能耐受pH 3.0的酸度、1.0%的胆盐浓度,在小肠上皮细胞上的黏附效率超过15个以上;通过大鼠体内实验,筛选出的菌株G22-2对大鼠无毒无害,并能显著改善血脂水平。结论罗伊乳杆菌G22-2符合益生菌的要求,可以作为产胆盐水解酶的益生乳杆菌优良的候选菌株。     

一株聚羟基脂肪酸酯合成菌的筛选及鉴定

【背景】传统石油基塑料产品给人类和环境带来的危害日益严重,聚羟基脂肪酸酯(polyhydroxyalknoates,PHA)作为新型可降解塑料原料越来越受到青睐。但PHA生产成本过高,使其推广应用严重受限。筛选适合大规模生产PHA的高产菌株是解决这一问题的重要途径。【目的】以挖掘合成PHA的菌种资源为目标,从极端环境筛选和鉴定新的高产PHA合成菌。【方法】通过尼罗蓝平板分离法和PCR法分离纯化菌株,采用16S rRNA基因鉴定并通过MEGA 6.0软件构建系统发育树,分析菌株的进化关系,最后通过尼罗红染色定性分析和气相色谱法定量测定该菌株在不同时期的PHA积累量。【结果】从盐碱地垃圾沉积物中分离得到了一株高产PHA的菌株,PhaC的PCR扩增结果证实了该菌株是PHA合成菌,经16S rRNA基因鉴定为Pseudomonas brassicacearum,将其命名为NP-2,进一步优化了菌株NP-2的培养条件,在培养48h时PHA积累量最大,达到3.78 mg/mL。【结论】NP-2属于Pseudomonas brassicacearum,能高产PHA。本研究为生产PHA提供了极端环境的...     

环氧丙醇酯立体专一性水解酶产生菌的筛选

从土壤中筛选出一株能拆分－环氧丙醇丁酸的根,该菌株所产胞外脂酶在水解环氧丙醇丁酯的反应中具有良好的立体专一性。     

脂肪酶产生菌的筛选、鉴定及其产酶条件优化

目的:寻找合适的产酶菌。方法:从富油土壤中分离到一株脂肪酶产生菌,并通过16S rRNA部分序列分析和系统发育分析将其鉴定为假单胞菌属,定名为:Pseudomonas sp.26-2。本研究进一步通过正交试验设计对该菌株的产脂肪酶条件进行了优化。结果:在摇瓶培养条件下,其最适产酶条件为:淀粉1.5%,酵母提取物3%,硫酸镁0.05%,K2HPO40.2%,橄榄油0.2%;反应起始pH值为7.0,发酵温度为30℃。在此条件下,发酵脂肪酶活力可达15.5U/ml。结论:所获得的假单胞菌26-2具有一定的脂肪酶生产能力,并为该菌株的菌种改良以及脂肪酶的高效基因工程菌的构建奠定了基础。     

红纹黄单胞菌α-氨基酸酯水解酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

【目的】从红纹黄单胞菌中分离纯化了胞内α-氨基酸酯水解酶(AEH),并进行了酶学性质研究。【方法】采用乙酸丁酯破碎细胞,并相继用磷酸钙凝胶沉淀、硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE Sephadex A-50阴离子交换处理、CM Cellulose 52离子交换层析和Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤层析纯化得到了电泳纯α-氨基酸酯水解酶,并研究了此酶的酶学性质。【结果】SDS-PAGE显示α-氨基酸酯水解酶的亚基分子量为70 kDa。酶促合成头孢克洛的最适pH为6.8,最适温度为42℃,在pH5.0-8.0和35℃以下,酶保持了良好的稳定性。Mn2+和Ca2+对酶活有一定的促进作用,Cu2+、Fe2+及高浓度的丙酮对酶活有强的抑制作用。AEH催化D-苯甘氨酸甲酯、D-对羟基苯甘氨酸甲酯和头孢克洛水解反应的kcat/Km分别为123.7±3.7 mmol-1.s-1.L、2.9±0.6 mmol-1.s-1.L和101.3±2.1 mmol-1.s-1.L,AEH对D-苯甘氨酸甲酯的催化效率最高。AEH催化双底物反应的机制为乒乓机制,催化合成头孢克洛的kcat为547.3±38.2 s-1。【结论】有关红纹黄单胞菌α-氨基酸酯水解酶的酶学性质研究相对较少,本文的研究将为该酶催化合成β-内酰胺类抗生素的工业化应用提供重要参数。     

Molecular basis of prodrug activation by human valacyclovirase, an alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase

Chemical modification to improve biopharmaceutical properties, especially oral absorption and bioavailability, is a common strategy employed by pharmaceutical chemists. The approach often employs a simple structural modification and utilizes ubiquitous endogenous esterases as activation enzymes, although such enzymes are often unidentified. This report describes the crystal structure and specificity of a novel activating enzyme for valacyclovir and valganciclovir. Our structural insights show that human valacyclovirase has a unique binding mode and specificity for amino acid esters. Biochemical data demonstrate that the enzyme hydrolyzes esters of alpha-amino acids exclusively and displays a broad specificity spectrum for the aminoacyl moiety similar to tricorn-interacting aminopeptidase F1. Crystal structures of the enzyme, two mechanistic mutants, and a complex with a product analogue, when combined with biochemical analysis, reveal the key determinants for substrate recognition; that is, a flexible and mostly hydrophobic acyl pocket, a localized negative electrostatic potential, a large open leaving group-accommodating groove, and a pivotal acidic residue, Asp-123, after the nucleophile Ser-122. This is the first time that a residue immediately after the nucleophile has been found to have its side chain directed into the substrate binding pocket and play an essential role in substrate discrimination in serine hydrolases. These results as well as a phylogenetic analysis establish that the enzyme functions as a specific alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase. Valacyclovirase is a valuable target for amino acid ester prodrug-based oral drug delivery enhancement strategies.     

Identification of the catalytic residues of alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase from Acetobacter turbidans by labeling and site-directed mutagenesis

The alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase from Acetobacter turbidans ATCC 9325 is capable of hydrolyzing and synthesizing the side chain peptide bond in beta-lactam antibiotics. Data base searches revealed that the enzyme contains an active site serine consensus sequence Gly-X-Ser-Tyr-X-Gly that is also found in X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase. The serine hydrolase inhibitor p-nitrophenyl-p'-guanidino-benzoate appeared to be an active site titrant and was used to label the alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase. Electrospray mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry analysis of peptides from a CNBr digest of the labeled protein showed that Ser(205), situated in the consensus sequence, becomes covalently modified by reaction with the inhibitor. Extended sequence analysis showed alignment of this Ser(205) with the catalytic nucleophile of some alpha/beta-hydrolase fold enzymes, which posses a catalytic triad composed of a nucleophile, an acid, and a base. Based on the alignments, 10 amino acids were selected for site-directed mutagenesis (Arg(85), Asp(86), Tyr(143), Ser(156), Ser(205), Tyr(206), Asp(338), His(370), Asp(509), and His(610)). Mutation of Ser(205), Asp(338,) or His(370) to an alanine almost fully inactivated the enzyme, whereas mutation of the other residues did not seriously affect the enzyme activity. Circular dichroism measurements showed that the inactivation was not caused by drastic changes in the tertiary structure. Therefore, we conclude that the catalytic domain of the alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase has an alpha/beta-hydrolase fold structure with a catalytic triad of Ser(205), Asp(338), and His(370). This distinguishes the alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase from the Ntn-hydrolase family of beta-lactam antibiotic acylases.     

Degradation of 2-bromobenzoic acid by a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing 2-bromobenzoic acid, designated 2-BBZA, was isolated by enrichment culture from municipal sewage. It degraded all four 2-halobenzoates as well as certain 3-halo- and dihalobenzoates, though none of the 4-halobenzoates supported growth of this organism. 3-Hydroxybenzoate and 3-chlorocatechol were respective inhibitors of salicylate and catechol oxidation: when each was added separately to resting cells incubated with 2-bromobenzoate, salicylate and catechol were found. Oxygen uptake data suggest that the same dehalogenase may be involved in the oxidation of 2-bromo-, 2-chloro-, and 2-iodobenzoates.     

Acetobacter turbidans alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase: how a single mutation improves an antibiotic-producing enzyme

The alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase (AEH) from Acetobacter turbidans is a bacterial enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis and synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics. The crystal structures of the native enzyme, both unliganded and in complex with the hydrolysis product D-phenylglycine are reported, as well as the structures of an inactive mutant (S205A) complexed with the substrate ampicillin, and an active site mutant (Y206A) with an increased tendency to catalyze antibiotic production rather than hydrolysis. The structure of the native enzyme shows an acyl binding pocket, in which D-phenylglycine binds, and an additional space that is large enough to accommodate the beta-lactam moiety of an antibiotic. In the S205A mutant, ampicillin binds in this pocket in a non-productive manner, making extensive contacts with the side chain of Tyr(112), which also participates in oxyanion hole formation. In the Y206A mutant, the Tyr(112) side chain has moved with its hydroxyl group toward the catalytic serine. Because this changes the properties of the beta-lactam binding site, this could explain the increased beta-lactam transferase activity of this mutant.     

Degradation of 2-bromobenzoic acid by a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing 2-bromobenzoic acid, designated 2-BBZA, was isolated by enrichment culture from municipal sewage. It degraded all four 2-halobenzoates as well as certain 3-halo- and dihalobenzoates, though none of the 4-halobenzoates supported growth of this organism. 3-Hydroxybenzoate and 3-chlorocatechol were respective inhibitors of salicylate and catechol oxidation: when each was added separately to resting cells incubated with 2-bromobenzoate, salicylate and catechol were found. Oxygen uptake data suggest that the same dehalogenase may be involved in the oxidation of 2-bromo-, 2-chloro-, and 2-iodobenzoates.     

一株丁二酸高产菌株的筛选和鉴定

从瘤胃中筛选到一株高产丁二酸生产菌株,为革兰氏阴性菌,短杆状,无芽孢,不运动,兼性厌氧.经形态学、生理生化鉴定和基于16S rRNA序列的系统发育分析,该菌株为巴斯德菌科的产琥珀酸放线杆菌,是产琥珀酸放线杆菌CCUG 43843的变种,二者的序列相似性为99.93%,命名为产琥珀酸放线杆菌A3.5L发酵罐分批发酵实验表明,当发酵培养基中葡萄糖浓度为50g/L时,产琥珀酸放线杆菌A3可以产25.8g/L丁二酸,具有较好的丁二酸生产潜力.     

Deciphering the metabolic capabilities of a lipase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa SL-72 strain

Pseudomonads have been reported for their metabolic, nutritional and ecological versatility, which motivated us to prospect the metabolic profile of a lipolytic strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa SL-72. The strain SL-72 was found to produce high levels of lipase and pectinase (1,555.62?IU/mL and 1,490.33?IU/mL, respectively), esterase and amylase, besides low levels of xylanase, proteinase and cellulase. The strain also tested positive for different plant growth-promoting traits??production of ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, siderophores, phosphate solubilization, nitrate reduction and antifungal activity. The high levels of activity of aryl sulphatase, alkaline phosphatase and fluorescein diacetate hydrolase makes it a useful strain for enhanced nutrient cycling in soil. The strain SL-72 produced rhamnolipids, a biosurfactant and its production was enhanced when starch was used as carbon source (0.256?g/L) and utilized polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds viz. anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, fluorene and its mixture. The multifaceted nature of the culture illustrates its promise in bioremediation, industry, besides its use as an inoculant.     

不利用丙酮酸的丙酮酸生产菌的选育

以光滑球拟酵母(Torulopsis glabrata)TP19为出发菌,经过UV和DES复合诱变选育出一株不利用丙酮酸的高产菌(TP204)。其摇瓶发酵产酸量和产酸率分别比原菌增加了26.4%和26.5%。在5 L罐上的产酸量和产酸率分别是70.23 g.L-1和64.6%,比原菌增加了5.7%和5.3%。     

一株产酸蜡样芽孢菌的筛选鉴定及发酵条件优化

从牛粪中分离得到一株产酸芽孢菌GF1,经鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌,该菌株发酵最低pH值可达到4.25,发酵最终芽孢率可达到90%以上,对该菌株液体发酵培养发现GF1具有良好的生长性能,通过优化培养条件和培养基中的C源、N源,最终确定GF1发酵条件为:发酵液初始pH值7.5,摇床转速220 r/min,培养温度35℃,培养时间48 h,配方为:酵母膏0.5%,蛋白胨0.6%,葡萄糖1.0%,K2HPO4 0.5%,MgSO4 0.02%,MnSO40.08%.