窃棺头蟋雌雄嵌体记述

有关鳞翅目、双翅目、直翅目和膜翅目昆虫的雌雄嵌体已有一些报道 ,前人也曾就不同问题做过许多研究工作 ,但蟋蟀科 Gryllidae棺头蟋属 Loxoblemmus(Saussure)中雌雄嵌体尚未见报道。本文就1 999年 8月采自甘肃文县碧口镇的窃棺头蟋 L . detectus (Serville 1 839)雌雄嵌体 (图 1 ,2 )的性征畸形之处描述如下 :体色与正常体相同 ,体长 1 5mm,头部兼有两性特征 ,头部颜面呈典型雄性特征为斜截状 ;额突前缘左半侧呈雌性状较平 ,右半侧为雄性状较突出 ;左前翅为正常雄性翅 ,具镜膜 ,长 8mm,右前翅为正常雌性翅 ,长 9mm,右前翅覆盖左前翅 ;腹…     

棺头蟋属六种常见蟋蟀鸣声特征分析与种类鉴定

本文对蟋蟀科Ｇｒｙｌｌｉｄａｅ棺头蟋属Ｌｏｘｏｂｌｅｍｍｕｓ６种常见种类的鸣声特征进行了较为系统的分析研究,从其频域特征和时域特征上明显地显示了种间差异,并将其鸣声特征用于分类。     

棺头蟋属四种蟋蟀音锉形态的比较(直翅目:蟋蟀科)

利用扫描电镜观察并描述了直翅目Orthoptera蟋蟀科Gryllidae棺头蟋属Loxoblemmus 4种常见昆虫即石首棺头蟋Loxoblemmus equestris尖角棺头蟋,L.angulatus,哈尼棺头蟋L.haani,多伊棺头蟋L.doenitzi的音锉和音齿形态特征,观察描述中,首次使用拐角,音齿分布,音齿左,右端等形态特征,并详细地给予了描述,为头蟋属乃至蟋蟀科种类鉴定提供了新的分类依据。     

棺头蟋属六种常见蟋蟀鸣声特征分析与种类鉴定(直翅目:蟋蟀总科)

本文对蟋蟀科Ｇｒｙｌｉｄａｅ棺头蟋属Ｌｏｘｏｂｌｅｍｍｕｓ６种常见种类的鸣声特征进行了较为系统的分析研究。从其频域特征和时域特征上明显地显示了种间差异,并将其鸣声特征用于分类。     

中国哑蟋属昆虫三新种记述：直翅目：蟋蟀科

本文记述采自我国四川、江西等地哑蟋属Ｇｏｎｉｏｇｒｙｌｌｕｓ昆虫３新种：重庆哑蟋Ｇ．ｃｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎ八刺哑蟋Ｇ．ｏｃｔｏｓｐｉｎａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎ以及庐山哑蟋Ｇ．ｌｕｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎ。     

中国甲蟋属记述(直翅目:蟋蟀科)

甲蟋属Acanthoplistus Saussure,1877隶属于蟋蟀总科、蟋蟀科。以前Chopard等蟋蟀分类专家曾根据此属的外部形态特征将其归于铁蟋科,1983年Gorochov l研究其外生殖器后认为Acanthoplistus属应属于蟋蟀科更为合理。其属征是前胸背板方形,盘区前缘向后凹星缓弧形,后缘平直,盘区和侧叶之间具明显纵隆线;足短,侧扁,后胫节具刺     

中国铁蟋属一新种记述（直翅目：蟋蟀总科）

本文整理了铁蟋属Ｓｃｌｅｒｏｇｒｙｌｌｕｓ已知种的检索表,描述了采自海南省尖峰岭的铁蟋属１新种;单耳铁蟋Ｓ．ｔｙｍｐａｎａｌｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎ．。模式标本保存于中国科学院上海昆虫研究所。     

中国长须蟋属Ａphonoides一新种（直翅目：蟋蟀总科：Ｑi蟠科）

本文报道了采自中国福建省蟋蟀总科长须蟋属的１个新种：武夷长须蟋Ａphonoides wuyiensis Yin。同时列出中国长须蟋属已知种类的分种检索表,模式标本保存于中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所昆虫标本馆。     

五种棺头蟋核型的比较研究

报道了中国5种棺头蟋的核型：石首棺头蟋Loxoblemmus equestris, 2n=17, XO(♂);小棺头蟋L. aomoriensis, 2n=11, XO(♂); 哈尼棺头蟋L. haani, 2n=11, XO(♂);多伊棺头蟋L. doenitzi, 2n=11, XO(♂)和窃棺头蟋L. detectus, 2n=11,XO(♂)。并应用核型似近系数及进化距离对这5种蟋蟀作了聚类分析,得出5种蟋蟀的演化方向为石首棺头蟋→小棺头蟋→哈尼棺头蟋→多伊棺头蟋→窃棺头蟋。     

中国裸蟋属一新种记述(直翅目,蟋蟀科)

记述采自云南蟋蟀科裸蟋属1新种,齿瓣裸蟋Gymnogryllus odonopetalus sp．nov．,模式标本保存于武汉工业学院。     

七种蟋蟀基因组DNA的RAPD多态性研究（直翅目：蟋蟀总科）

应用10种随机引物,对西北地区常见的3属7种蟋蟀进行RAPD多态性检测,共筛选出2种引物S142,S8可以对7个种扩增出清晰稳定的多态性片段,多态性片段共计58条,相对分子质量在320bp-2400bp之间。应用UPGMA（非加权配对算术平均法）对多态性片段进行聚类分析,构建树状图,推测系统发生关系。每一种蟋蟀均先各自聚为一类,棺头蟋属与油葫芦属间的遗传距离最小,亲缘关系最近,斗蟋属4个种间的亲缘关系较为复杂,明显分为2个支系,与传统分类并不一致。     

利用RAPD对稻蝗属昆虫亲缘关系的研究

通过20个随机引物的PCR扩增,得到了日本主要稻蝗的随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）图谱,根据扩增结果,计算了种间相似系数和遗传距离,建立了UPGMA系统树。结果表明,分布没有重叠、种间容易交配、能产生杂种的中华稻蝗台湾亚种与小翅稻蝗的亲缘关系最近;分布重叠的日本稻蝗与中华稻蝗台湾亚种、日本稻蝗和小翅稻蝗的亲缘关系较近。小稻蝗与其它3种稻蝗的亲缘关系较远。     

中国油葫芦属昆虫的RAPD分析（直翅目：蟋蟀总科：蟋蟀科）

用RAPD技术研究了我国油葫芦属Teleogryllus 5种蟋蟀的系统发生关系。研究中使用了15个标本,在所试用的54种随机引物中,有9种引物能扩增出清晰而稳定的多态性片断,多态性片断共计167条。应用UPGMA法对多态性片断进行聚类分析,构建树状图,推测其系统发生关系。每一种蟋蟀先各自聚为一类,聚类结果所呈现的属内种间关系与传统分类研究结果基本一致,且支持黑脸油葫芦与黄脸油葫芦为独立种的观点。     

Genome relationships among Lotus species based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

The ability of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to distinguish among different taxa of Lotus was evaluated for several geographically dispersed accessions of four diploid Lotus species, L. tennis Waldst. et Kit, L. alpinus Schleich., L. japonicus (Regel) Larsen, and L. uliginosus Schkuhr and for the tetraploid L. corniculatus L., in order to ascertain whether RAPD data could offer additional evidence concerning the origin of the tetraploid L. corniculatus. Clear bands and several polymorphisms were obtained for 20 primers used for each species/accession. The evolutionary pathways among the species/accessions presented in a cladogram were expressed in terms of treelengths giving the most parsimonious reconstructions. Accessions within the same species grouped closely together. It is considered that L. uliginosus which is most distantly related to L. corniculatus, may be excluded as a direct progenitor of L. corniculatus, confirming previous results from isoenzyme studies. Lotus alpinus is grouped with accessions of L. corniculatus, which differs from previous studies. With this exception, these findings are in agreement with previous experimental studies in the L. corniculatus group. The value of the RAPD data to theories on the origin of L. corniculatus is discussed.     

10种披碱草属植物的RAPD分析及其系统学意义

利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术分析了10种披碱草属植物,即：Elymus sibiricus L.,E． caninus(L．)L¨E．lanceolatus(Scribner et Smith)Gould,E．nutans Griseb,E．dahuricus Turcz,, E．tangutorum(Nevski)Hand．-Mazz., E．brachyaristatus ALöve,E.submuticus(Keng)Keng f.,E． cylidricus(Franch)Honda和E．excelsus Turcz. 。对34个OPRON公司十聚体随机引物进行多态性筛 选,25个(75．53％)能产生多态性。16个引物产生的136个DNA片断,用于计算种间Nei氏遗传相似 性系数分析,在NTSYS程序中利用UPGMA构建系统发育树状图。分析结果表明：(1)四倍体和六倍体 物种各自聚为一支,它们之间的亲缘关系较远;(2)E．sibiricus和E. caninus;亲缘关系较近,支持把 Roegneria caninus (L．)Nevski归入Elymus;(3)E．nutans和E．dahuricus亲缘关系密切;(4)形态相 似、地理分布一致的E．brachyaristatus和E．submuticus存在着一定程度的核苷酸序列的差异,它们与 E．nutans和E．dahuricus有一定的亲缘关系;(5)E．excelsus 与 E．cylindricus的亲缘关系较近,它们 又与E．tangutorum有亲缘关系;(6)RAPD结果与形态学和细胞学等分析结果基本一致,RAPD分析方法将为Elymus系统分类提供DNA水平上丰富的资料。     

Sexing birds using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

We used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to sex birds from small tissue (usually blood) samples. Arbitrarily chosen 10-mer PCR primers were screened with DNA from known-sex individuals for the production of a bright female-specific band. Suitable primers were found for seven bird species after screening about 30 primers (range 2–63), and no primer was found for three other species after screening about 50 primers for each species. Investigations into the reliability of RAPD markers for sexing great tits Parus major and oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus show that: (i) when PCR reaction conditions for great tit DNA are varied, either the presence of the female-specific band correctly predicts the individual's sex or no DNA amplification occurs; (ii) the female-specific band in great tits can be sequenced, and subsequently amplified using specific PCR primers; (iii) null alleles of the female-specific fragment occur at an estimated frequency of 0% ( n = 241 females) in great tits and 0.6% ( n > 290 females) in oystercatchers; (iv) the female-specific fragment in great tits occurs in individuals from a wide geographical range encompassing two subspecies; and (v) the relative intensity of bands in great tit RAPD banding profiles is consistent across individual birds and scorers. The RAPD primers that we have identified are generally species specific, and the consequent time cost of screening for primers is the chief disadvantage of using RAPD markers to sex birds. However, with large sample sizes this disadvantage is outweighed by the relative technical simplicity and low cost of the technique.     

红豆杉科植物RAPD分析及其系统学意义

利用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）技术分析了红豆杉科（Ｔａｘａｃｅａｅ）红豆杉属（Ｔａｘｕｓ）、白豆杉属（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｓ）、穗花杉属（Ａｍｅｎｔｏｔａｘｕｓ）和榧树属（Ｔｏｒｒｅｙａ）的６种植物：红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ （Ｐｉｌｇｅｒ）Ｒｅｈｄ）、南方红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｖａｒ．ｍａｉｒｅｉ（Ｌｅｍｅｅ ｅｔＬｅｖｌ．）Ｃｈｅｎｇ ｅｔＭａｉｒｅＹｅｗ     

Intra-specific relationships among Tibetan Eared-pheasants based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis

The Tibetan Eared-pheasant Crossoptilon harmani is a rare species native to China.A captive population has been established in the Beijing Zoo since 1999.In order to determine the kinship of the offsprings in 2001,randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to examine the parenthood of seven Tibetan Eared-pheasants in the Beijing Zoo.To amplify the genomic DNA of each individual,53 arbitrary primers were selected.The results of amplifica tions showed that 14 primers had clear and distinct RAPD patterns.Totally,226 amplified fragments were generated by RAPD in this study.Cluster analysis of the seven Tibetan Eared-pheasants indicated that all the four young birds had the same father (No.5 male).This study provides a practical method to determine the relationship of offsprings whose parents are unknown in birds.     

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis reveals genetic relationships among the annual Cicer species

 Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to distinguish between nine different Cicer taxa representing the cultivated chickpea and eight other related annual wild species. Of the 75 random10-mer primers tested, only 8 amplified genomic DNA across all the species. A total of 115 reproducibly scorable RAPD markers were generated, all except 1 polymorphic, and these were utilized to deduce genetic relationships among the annual Cicer species. Four distinct clusters were observed and represented C. arietinum, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum in first cluster followed by C. chorassanicum and C. yamashitae in the second cluster, while C. pinnatifidum, C. judaicum and C. bijugum formed the third cluster. Cicer cuneatum did not cluster with any of the species and was most distantly placed from the cultivated species. Except for the placement of C. chorassanicum and C. yamashitae, deduced species’ relationships agreed with previous studies. In addition, species-diagnostic amplification products specific to all the nine species were identified. The results clearly demonstrate a methodology based on random-primed DNA amplification that can be used for studying Cicer phylogeny and chickpea improvement. Received: 27 July 1998 / Accepted: 5 August 1998     

湖北省三种蟋蟀鸣声结构分析（直翅目：蟋蟀总科）

重点对湖北省３种蟋蟀的鸣声结构进行了较系统的分析研究,从频域特征和时域特征明显地显示了种间差异。