六种淡水纤毛虫形态学研究

借助活体观察和银染法对6种淡水纤毛虫(纵长板壳虫Coleps elongatus、瓜形原膜袋虫Protocyclidiumcitrullus、亨氏累枝虫Epistylis hentscheli、钟形钟虫Vorticella campanula、长柄球吸管虫Metacineta macrocaulis、四分锤吸管虫Tokophrya quadripatita)的形态和纤毛图式进行了详尽研究。本工作首次描述了亨氏累枝虫、四分锤吸管虫、纵长板壳虫的中国种群,同时揭示了亨氏累枝虫长期未知的纤毛图式特征并给出该种类的新定义: 虫体高钟形,活体大小约(100-130) m(60-65) m; 伸缩泡1个,腹位; 大小核各1枚,大核C型; 群体为规则对称二叉分枝; 口区三片小膜均由三列动基列组成,第三小膜由三列等长的动基列组成,其终止处高于第一小膜下端; 虫体前端到反口纤毛环间的银线约71-74条,反口纤毛环到帚胚间的银线约35-47条; 淡水生境。此外,本研究对长柄球吸管虫、钟形钟虫、瓜形原膜袋虫进行了重新描述,补充了显微照片。     

青岛沿海七种腹毛类纤毛虫的形态学研究(原生动物,纤毛门)

借助活体观察及银染法等对采自青岛沿海的7种较罕见的腹毛类纤毛虫(拉氏游仆虫Euplotes raikovi,拟伍氏游仆虫Euplotes parawoodruffi,坚盾檐纤虫Aspidisca leptaspis,斯坦槽纤虫Aspidsca steird,收缩沙冠虫Psammnomitra retractilis,柔弱异列虫 Anteholosticha manca,条纹小双虫Amphisiella annulata)进行了形态学研究,包括两个国内新纪录:拉氏游仆虫,拟伍氏游仆虫,同时补充了各青岛种群的纤毛图式及银线系等资料.对迄今缺乏详细研究的拉氏游仆虫首次做了纤毛图式水平上的描述并在前人工作基础上给出了修订后的定义:活体约40～60 μn×25～40 μn,背部有明显的6列嵴突;口区延至虫体1/2后;口围带由23～35片小膜组成;额-腹棘毛包括7根典型棘毛以及位于额区中部的仅由1对毛基粒构成的退化结构;稳定的1根缘棘毛、2根尾棘毛;背触毛6～8列;银线系为double-patella型;海水种.     

冠突伪尾柱虫的腹皮层纤毛器微管胞器及其形态发生

应用荧光紫杉醇直接荧光标记和抗α-微管蛋白抗体免疫荧光标记方法,显示冠突伪尾柱虫腹皮层纤毛器微管胞器由口围带、波动膜、额腹横棘毛和左右缘棘毛等纤毛器微管、纤毛器基部附属微管等组成。口围带基部含小膜托架及与托架相联系的肋壁微管,其中领部小膜托架间由"∧"形微管相联接;额腹横棘毛基部含前纵微管束、后纵微管束、横微管束和周围微管束,其微管在不同棘毛基部的发达程度不一,其中两列中腹棘毛基部微管紧密联系成一条粗绳索样结构,且左、右中腹棘毛基部的横微管束定向相反;左、右缘棘毛基部含前纵微管束、后纵微管束和横微管束,其中横微管束不发达。与目前已知的腹毛目纤毛虫例如贻贝棘尾虫、魏氏拟尾柱虫的纤毛器基部微管相比较,冠突伪尾柱虫腹皮层纤毛器基部微管除具有腹毛目纤毛虫纤毛器基部微管的基本特征外,也具有一些特殊的组成模式。皮层纤毛器微管形态发生中,前仔虫口围带并非全部是由老口围带更新而来的,其老口围带只有翻领部发生更新,且翻领部与领部接续处有一小段老的翻领部小膜保留,领部的小膜保留,结果其领部小膜、接续处保留的小膜与更新的翻领部小膜三部分共同组成前仔虫的新口围带。在后仔虫口原基发生的位置,其邻近的老横棘毛没有变化,此时老的横棘毛或许能起到"参照点"或定位作用;各类纤毛器发生、分化过程中,处于非原基区的老额棘毛、横棘毛及左右缘棘毛在较长时间内均未见明显的变化。它们可能是在新结构形成时仍然起到运动作用继而逐渐失去功能而退化瓦解的。     

青岛沿海的自由生聚缩虫属纤毛虫(原生动物,纤毛门,缘毛目)

涉及近年来采集自青岛沿海的自由生聚缩虫属纤毛虫14种,包括9个国内新纪录:交替聚缩虫Zoothamnium alternans Claparède & Lachmann,1859,弗氏聚缩虫Z. foissneri Ji et al.,2005,黑凯聚缩虫 Z. hiketes Precht,1935,海洋聚缩虫 Z. marinum Mereschkowski, 1879,霉聚缩虫Z. mocedo Entz,1884,倪氏聚缩虫 Z. nii Ji et al.,2005,拟树状聚缩虫 Z. pararbuscula Ji et al., 2005,王氏聚缩虫Z.wangi Ji et al., 2005,许氏聚缩虫 Z. xuianum Sun et al.,2005;以及其他5个已知种:群栖聚缩虫Z. commune Kahl, 1933,双缘聚缩虫Z. duplicatum Kahl,1933,巨大聚缩虫Z.maximum Song,1986,羽状聚缩虫Z.plumula Kahl,1933,中国聚缩虫Z.sinense Song,1991.对以上各种作了简要的综合性描述,并给出了种检索表.     

腹毛目纤毛虫鬃棘尾虫纤毛器基部微管的荧光标记

腹毛目纤毛虫鬃棘尾虫的纤毛器微管骨架由口围带、波动膜、额腹横尾棘毛、左右缘棘毛和背触毛等纤毛器微管和纤毛器基部附属微管等组成,其中口围带基部含小膜托架、小膜后微管、小膜托架微管及小膜托架间的倒"V"形微管连接;波动膜基部形成微管骨架网;额腹横棘毛和左、右缘棘毛基部含前纵微管束、后纵微管束和横微管束,但不同位置的棘毛基部微管发达程度不一样;背触毛基部以纤毛基体为中心向前、后皮层发出前纵微管和后纵微管,形成背皮层微管网.     

云南条大叶蝉属三新种(同翅目:叶蝉科:大叶蝉亚科)

记述采自我国云南省的条大叶蝉属3新种：基红条大叶蝉Atkinsoniella punica sp.nov.,白斑条大叶蝉A.albimacula sp.nov,和黄绿条大叶蝉A.chloritta sp.nov.,文中详细描述了新种的外部形态特征和雄虫外生殖器构造,并附主要特征图,模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所。     

中国颊脊隐翅虫属三新种(鞘翅目,隐翅虫科,隐翅虫亚科)

记述中国四川冕宁县冶勒自然保护区颊脊隐翅虫属Quedius 3新种,其中,尤隐翅虫群(The Euryalus group)1新种,冶勒尤隐翅虫Qudius(Microsaurus)yeleensis sp.nov.,穆隐翅虫群(The Mukuensis group)1新种,郭氏穆隐翅虫Q. (M.)guoi sp.nov.,四川隐翅群(The Szechuanus group)1新种,凉山隐翅虫Quedius(Microsaurus)liangshanensis sp.nov..冶勒尤隐翅虫与来自甘肃的欧隐翅虫Q.(M.)erythras Smetana最接近,但第8腹板每侧各有4根长刚毛,雄性外生殖器侧叶中部窄缩、末端有宽深凹缘,侧叶下面凹缘两侧各有3或5个黑色感觉瘤,与后者有别.郭氏穆隐翅虫与同样来自甘肃的伊隐翅虫Q.(M.)epytus很相似,但雄性外生殖器中叶端部稍扩大,侧叶中部不窄缩、末端3曲,侧叶下面的感觉瘤群各由4至5个小黑瘤组成,与后者不同.凉山隐翅虫与来自云南的艾隐翅虫Q.(M.)amicorum Smetana最接近,但体较大,头部和前胸稀布微刻点,雄性第8腹板每侧各有3根长刚毛,第10背板在或接近端缘有1根长的和少数长短不一的刚毛,以及雄性外生殖器中叶端部的不同形态,与后者有别.     

魏氏拟尾柱虫腹皮层纤毛器微管胞器的形态及形态发生

应用荧光紫杉醇直接荧光标记和抗α-微管蛋白抗体免疫荧光标记显示,魏氏拟尾柱虫(Paraurostyla weissei)腹面皮层纤毛器微管胞器由口围带、波动膜、额腹横棘毛和左右缘棘毛等纤毛器微管、纤毛器基部附属微管等组成。其中口围带基部微管包括小膜托架、小膜附属微管;额腹横棘毛和左右缘棘毛基部附属微管包括前纵微管束、后纵微管束和横微管束,它们由各自的纤毛器基部向皮层细胞质不同方向发射,形成腹皮层表面下微管网。结果表明,魏氏拟尾柱虫的纤毛器骨架、纤毛器附属结构也是一类以微管蛋白为基本成分的微管胞器,其中缘棘毛基部附属微管具有不同于其他纤毛虫(例如棘尾虫)中所观察到的同种微管胞器的建构特征。形态发生中,前仔虫口围带在老结构位置形成,其结构建成与部分老口围带的更新有关;老缘棘毛的结构物质对新的左、右缘棘毛的发生可能具有定位作用及物质贡献,但此后新的左、右缘棘毛列分别在老缘棘毛的右侧形成,而并非是在老缘棘毛位置分化的。在有些细胞中,新的左缘棘毛左侧另有一列棘毛,这可能是形态发生中老的左缘棘毛退化不完全产生的。     

小球藻绿钟虫--中国东北淡水生缘毛类纤毛虫的形态学重述

小球藻绿钟虫 (VorticellachlorellataStiller ,194 0 )采自哈尔滨附近水域。本文在活体观察基础上 ,利用蛋白银染色技术对其形态学进行了研究 ,给出了该种染色后的特征。小球藻绿钟虫因其细胞内充满共生小球藻呈鲜绿色而得名。该种自然伸展时呈稳定的矮钟状 ,体长 5 3- 6 3× 4 1- 6 2 μm ;大核“J”型 ,两端明显盘绕 ,纵贯于体内。细胞表面具横纹 ,蛋白银制片后可见从口围唇到反口纤毛环之间有 33- 36条纹 ,从反口纤毛环到帚胚有条纹 15 - 18条 ;第三咽膜 (P3)由三列毛基列组成 ,最内侧一列长度仅是另外两列的一半 ,并显著分离 ;口围盘纤维斜向并呈轮辐式放射状排列 ,纤维末端分叉。通过对本文描述的绿色钟虫—小球藻绿钟虫的研究 ,发现对绿色钟虫的描述与归属问题仍存在一些混淆。本文认同将小球藻绿钟虫与绿钟虫严格分立的观点     

雕马陆属一新种记述（倍足纲：异蛩目：仿角囊马陆科）

本文记述贵州省倍足类一新种——方钩雕马陆Glyphiulus quadrohamaius sp.nov.,其鉴别特征为:颈板前部有14条,后部有11条纵脊;后环背板上的前、后列雕饰在体前部分别有10和9个,在体后部分别有12和11个瘤突;雄性第1对足退化,两基节突相距颇远,端肢仅为1对极小的结节;前生殖肢基节突的内角突起短,其端部内折呈方钩状;后生殖肢末节伸出刀状弯曲的一枝,其内缘极度扩张成具细密锯缘的薄片。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.