重组人白介素6受体功能区片段的功能鉴定

用生物素标记重组人白介素６受体功能区片段ｒＩＬ６Ｒ－２８及其二联体蛋白ｒＩＬ６Ｒ－５３,竞争ＥＬＩＳＡ表明重组蛋白可以与配基ＩＬ－６特异结合,流式细胞术检测结果表明ＩＬ－６与生物素标记的重组蛋白所形成的复合物能够与７ＴＤ１细胞表面的ｇｐ１３０结合,而７ＴＤ１细胞生长分析则表明,重组蛋白可以增强ＩＬ－６对７ＴＤ１细胞的生长刺激作用。     

7TD1细胞及其克隆对IL-6的反应性和依赖性

比较了基础所和北医大提供的两株7TD1细胞。选择北医大细胞株进行克隆,筛选出对IL-6增殖反应性和依赖性较强的3株细胞(7TD1 MC1、7TD1 MC4、7TD1MC5)。其中,7TD1 MC5细胞的反应曲线呈典型的“倒S”形,对IL-6有很好的反应性和依赖性。MTT比色法显示了与~3H-TdR掺入法一致的结果,采用7TD1 MC5细胞及MTT比色法测定IL-6生物活性,可减少仪器测试的费用和避免放射性污染。确定了培养基中IL-6的最适浓度(2ng/ml)。细胞传代培养和冻存6个月,7TD1 MC5细胞对IL-6的反应性和依赖性均无明显变化。     

抗癌胚抗原单链抗体基因与核心链霉亲和素基因融合在昆虫细胞中的表达

将抗癌胚抗原单链抗体基因与核心链霉亲和素基因融合插入昆虫杆状病毒供体质粒 pFastBacHTa中 ,在粉纹夜蛾Tn 5B1 4细胞中进行表达。SDS PAGE分析结果表明 ,表达产物分子量为 4 1kD左右 ,Western印迹分析结果表明 ,以HRP标记的生物素进行蛋白质印迹在 4 1kD处可见表达条带 ,表明融合蛋白能特异性的与生物素结合 ,放射免疫分析表明重组杆状病毒表达产生的ScFv CS蛋白能特异性结合癌胚抗原     

人多瘤病毒BK株VP1的C端阳电荷残基对病毒样颗粒形成的影响

VP1是人多瘤病毒BK株的主要结构蛋白,使用重组杆状病毒表达系统在体外表达VP1可以形成病毒样颗粒(VLP).为了探讨VP1的C末端阳电荷残基R-281,R-285,K-288,R-290,R-292,K-293,R-294,和K297对VLP形成和其结合DNA的影响,我们分别改变将阳电荷残基变成丙氨酸,然后表达VP1蛋白.结果发现用丙氨酸替代K-288,R-290,R-292,K-293,R-294后仍能形成VLP,但与野毒株相比,在VLP分泌以及衣壳蛋白与细胞DNA的结合方面有差异.有趣的是,R-281被丙氨酸取代后仅在细胞中形成少量的VLP,而R-285被丙氨酸取代后不能形成VLP.该研究证实阳电荷氨基酸残基R-281和R-285是形成VLP所必须的,K-288、R-290、R-292、K-293、R-294和K-297则影响VLP和DNA的结合.     

一个约30kD膜蛋白作为汉坦病毒候选受体的筛选

目的:筛选汉坦病毒包膜糖蛋白G2可能的候选受体或受体辅助分子,方法:根据汉坦病毒76～118株M基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增和基因重组获得G2全长及各功能片段的GST融合表达质粒,SDS-PAGE检测它们在BL21菌中诱导表达及纯化的效果.生物素标记汉坦病毒易感细胞Vero E6和非允许细胞CHO的细胞膜蛋白.将在BL21裂解上清中有表达的G2蛋白N端81～140位氨基酸片段(G2N81-140)纯化后与含有生物素标记的Vero E6细胞膜裂解液进行孵育,同时以非允许细胞CHO和无关蛋白GST-TLM做为阴性对照.通过GST Pull-down分离与G2蛋白特异性结合的细胞膜蛋白.结果:一个约30kD的Vero E6细胞膜蛋白与G2N81-140片段之间存在着特异性的相互作用.结论:该30kD蛋白可能是汉坦病毒细胞膜候选受体或受体辅助分子之一,是病毒入侵细胞的一个相关分子.     

抗癌胚抗原单链抗体基因与核心链霉亲和素基因融 …

将抗癌胚抗原单链抗体基因与核心链霉亲和素基因融合插入昆虫杆状病毒供体质粒ｐＦａｓｔＢａｃＨＴａ中,在粉纹夜蛾Ｔｎ－５Ｂ１－４细胞中进行表达。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析结果表明,表达产物分子量为４１ｋＤ左右,Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹分析结果表明,以ＨＲＰ标记的生物素进行蛋白质印迹在４１ｋＤ处可见表达条带,表明融合蛋白能特异性的与生物素结合,放射免疫分析表明重组杆状病毒表达产生的ＳｃＦｖ－ＣＳ蛋白能特异性结合癌胚     

一种新的PrP无细胞构象转化系统的建立

PrP细胞外构象转化系统已经被一些实验室用于朊病毒的研究,但在反应体系中往往需要使用放射性同位素。为了建立一种安全方便的PrP无细胞构象转化系统用于TSE发病机制的研究,通过PCR方法获得仓鼠PrP(HaPrP)全长基因,克隆至原核表达载体pQE30,在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化出分子量为27kD HaPrP蛋白,Western blot证实可与PrP特异性单克隆抗体反应。将纯化蛋白在体外标记生物素(Biotin-7-NHs),与纯化的scrapie 263K毒株仓鼠感染脑组织PrP^Se蛋白共同孵育4天后,经蛋白酶K消化,Western blot检测,证明存在一条抵抗蛋白酶K消化的、被亲和素特异性识别的条带,其分子量约为20kD。这表明HaPrP^sen可以被转化为HaPrP^res。实验表明,可以利用原核系统取代真核系统表达PrP,并用生物素标记取代^35S标记纯化蛋白,建立一个更加安全方便的无细胞构象转化系统,用于朊病毒的研究。     

HepG2细胞膜上乙型肝炎病毒前S1蛋白（preS1）结合蛋白的研究

采用pull down技术研究preS1在HepG2细胞膜上的结合蛋白。以原核表达的GST-preS1融合蛋白为探针蛋白,与生物素标记的HepG2细胞裂解液进行pull down试验分离与preS1结合的膜蛋白。Western blot结果显示HepG2细胞膜上有一大小约110kDa蛋白（p110）与preS1结合。通过对比实验证明该蛋白具有较好的组织特异性和种属特异性。研究结果显示该蛋白是HepG2细胞膜上与preS1结合的蛋白,可能与HBV的早期感染过程有关。     

3T3-L1脂肪细胞膜FGF-21结合蛋白的初步鉴定

成纤维细胞生长因子（fibroblast growth factor,FGF）-21是最近发现的1个可以独立调节血糖的细胞因子,有望成为治疗2型糖尿病的备选药物．但是,FGF-21调解血糖的机理尚不十分清楚．为探讨该因子功能受体,应用偶联方法,以3T3-L1脂肪细胞为靶标,以FGF-21为诱饵,在3T3-L1脂肪细胞膜上寻找结合蛋白．结果表明,生物素标记的FGF-21可与脂肪细胞膜蛋白形成分子质量大小约300 kD以上两组复合物．竞争试验显示,非标记的FGF 21可与生物素标记的FGF-21竞争、抑制标记的FGF-21参入复合物;应用非标记FGF 21剂量越大,抑制后者参入复合物的程度越强.结果提示,该复合物是FGF-21特异性的．此外,随着生物素标记的FGF-21剂量增加,观察到的标记复合物越多;但是,当FGF-21剂量达12.5 mg/L以上时,观察到的复合物数量不再增加．实验结果提示,复合物形成与FGF-21剂量相关;FGF-21特异结合的蛋白质结合位点饱和后,复合物形成量最大．同时,采用FGF受体特异性抑制剂SU5402可特异性抑制FGF-21在3T3-L1脂肪细胞中的促进葡萄糖吸收作用,提示本实验所观察到的FGF-21 膜蛋白复合物可能就是FGF-21-FGF受体     

SMMC-7721肝癌细胞67kD层粘连蛋白受体的分离纯化

分离纯化肝癌细胞的 6 7kD层粘连蛋白受体 (6 7LR) ,以便进一步研究 6 7LR的结构、功能及其在肝癌浸润、转移过程中的作用 .以SMMC 772 1肝癌细胞和L 0 2正常肝细胞为材料 ,采用13 1I标记的层粘连蛋白测定其与细胞的结合能力 ;亲和层析法分离纯化层粘连蛋白受体 ,用SDS PAGE、放射自显影及体外竞争结合实验进行鉴定 .在相同条件下SMMC 772 1肝癌细胞与层粘连蛋白特异结合量为 17 5 4± 0 4 9ng 10 5细胞 ,而L 0 2正常肝细胞与层粘连蛋白的特异结合量为 8 36± 0 4 8ng 10 5细胞 .经过亲和层析 ,从SMMC 772 1肝癌细胞和L 0 2正常肝细胞均可获得纯化受体 ,SDS PAGE显示为单一条带 ,分子量为 6 7kD ,放射自显影及体外竞争结合实验表明其具有较强的与层粘连蛋白结合的活性 .体外竞争结合实验表明 ,SMMC 772 1肝癌细胞层粘连蛋白受体 (772 1LnR)的抑制率可达到 96 2 7± 2 2 9% ,而L 0 2正常肝细胞层粘连蛋白受体 (L 0 2LnR)的抑制率为 4 8 71± 3 79% ,这说明 772 1LnR与层粘连蛋白的亲和力明显高于L 0 2LnR(P <0 0 0 1) .结果表明 ,与L 0 2肝细胞比较 ,SMMC 772 1肝癌细胞具有与层粘连蛋白较强结合能力的特异受体 ,并从肝癌细胞膜上分离纯化到与层粘连蛋白有较强亲和力的 6 7LR     

人白介素6受体功能区片段在E．coli中的表达

通过ＤＮＡ体外重组技术,以ｐＥＴ－３ｂ为表达载体,构建了重组表达质粒ｐＥＴ－６Ｒ（Ｂ）和ＰＥＴ－６Ｒ（Ｂ）４,分别编码２８ｋＤ的ｈＩＬ－６Ｒ配基结合区片段及其５３ｋＤ的二联体蛋白,并为酶切分析和ＤＮＡ序列分析所证实。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析表明,含有重组表达质粒的菌株可分别表达出２８ｋＤ的蛋白ｒＩＬ６Ｒ－２８和５３ｋＤ的ｒＩＬ６Ｒ－５３。重组蛋白分别占菌体总蛋白的４５％和２９％左右。重组蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在,Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹表明重组蛋白具有ＩＬ－６Ｒ的抗原性。     

Chicken interleukin-6. cDNA structure and biological properties.

Suppression subtractive hybridization technology was used to identify differentially expressed genes in spleens of chickens that had been treated with the synthetic immune modifier S-28463. One induced chicken gene encoded a protein with about 35% sequence identity to human interleukin-6 (IL-6). It consists of 241 amino acids including a putative N-terminal signal peptide of 47 residues. Bacterially expressed chicken IL-6 (ChIL-6) carrying a histidine tag in place of the signal peptide was biologically active: it induced proliferation of the IL-6-dependent murine hybridoma cell line 7TD1. The concentration of ChIL-6 required for half-maximal proliferative response was approximately 60 pg.mL-1. When injected intravenously into adult chickens, purified recombinant ChIL-6 induced an increase in serum corticosterone levels. Supernatants of chicken LMH and monkey COS-7 cells transiently transfected with a ChIL-6 expression construct induced proliferation of 7TD1 cells, demonstrating that recombinant ChIL-6 from eukaryotic cells is also active.     

Mode of in vitro augmentation of natural killer cell activity by recombinant human interleukin 2: a comparative study of Leu-11+ and Leu-11- cell populations in cord blood and adult peripheral blood

Human newborn natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 target cells was observed to be low compared with adult controls. Although Leu-7 (HNK-1)+ cells were negligible in cord blood, the proportions of Leu-11+ cells were equal to those of adult peripheral blood. Leu-11+ cells sorted from cord blood lymphocytes, as well as from adult lymphocytes exhibited the morphology of granular lymphocytes. In this study, we have investigated the phenotypic characterization of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2)-induced cytotoxic lymphocytes against K562 cells by using anti-Leu-11 monoclonal antibody. Spontaneous cytotoxicity of lymphocytes was restricted to Leu-11+ cells in cord blood, as well as in adult blood, but this activity was low in cord blood Leu-11+ cells as compared with that of adult ones. NK cell activity of adult Leu-11+ cells could not be additionally enhanced after an 18-hr incubation with rIL 2(25 U/ml), whereas rIL 2 could potentiate the cytotoxicity of cord blood Leu-11+ cells approximately to the adult levels. It should be noted that cytotoxic activity of both Leu-11- cells from cord blood and adult blood that had no basal NK cells activity could be significantly potentiated by rIL 2. On the other hand, lymphokine-activated killer cells cytotoxic for HL-60 cell line could not be generated, and no proliferation of the lymphocytes was detected after an 18-hr incubation with rIL 2. It was shown that rIL 2 could not enhance the ability to bind to target cells in Leu-11+ and Leu-11- cells by means of a single cell conjugate assay, but the rate of target lysis of Leu-11+ cells from cord blood was significantly enhanced by rIL 2. These results suggested that rIL 2-induced cytotoxic effector cells were heterogeneous, and rIL 2 might potentiate the cytotoxicity of functionally immature NK cells or NK precursor cells.     

Evaluation of murine interleukin 4 (IL-4) receptor expression using anti-receptor monoclonal antibodies and S1 nuclease protection analyses

Anti-receptor antibodies have previously been used in two cytokine systems (IL-1 and TNF alpha) to identify the existence of different cytokine receptors on different cell types. In this study, we have similarly used two approaches to evaluate whether IL-4 receptors on different cell types are identical, or whether more than one species of IL-4 receptor exists. The first approach involved production of monoclonal antibodies specific for the IL-4 receptor expressed by the murine mast cell line, MC/9. Six anti-IL-4 receptor monoclonal antibodies were produced against the purified soluble extracellular domain of the recombinant IL-4 receptor derived from MC/9 cells. These antibodies were capable of binding to and specifically immunoprecipitating the soluble extracellular domain of the recombinant mast cell IL-4 receptor. Following biotinylation of the antibodies and addition of phycoerythrin-streptavidin, their binding to cell associated IL-4 receptors on MC/9 mast cells could be readily visualized by immunofluorescence. Using this approach, the anti-mast cell IL-4R antibodies were found to specifically bind IL-4 receptors expressed on a variety of other murine cell types, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and L cells. The antibodies did not bind to two human cell lines known to bind human but not murine IL-4. The intensity of staining was directly related to the number of IL-4 binding sites identified previously by receptor-ligand equilibrium binding analyses. As a second approach to evaluating potential receptor heterogeneity, we constructed S1 nuclease protection assay probes for two separate regions of the mast cell IL-4 receptor, one located in the extracellular domain and one in the intracellular domain. Subsequent S1 analyses showed that both regions are expressed by the following types of cells: T cells, B cells, macrophages, myeloid cells, L cells, and stromal cells. The two approaches used in this study therefore indicate that the same or highly similar IL-4 receptor species is expressed by a wide variety of hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cells. Since the anti-IL-4 receptor antibodies produced in this study did not block binding of IL-4 to its receptor, we cannot exclude the possible existence of a second type of IL-4R coexpressed on the cells tested in this study, or expressed uniquely by other cell types that were not investigated.     

Soluble gp130 is the natural inhibitor of soluble interleukin-6 receptor transsignaling responses.

Signal transduction in response to interleukin-6 (IL-6) requires binding of the cytokine to its receptor (IL-6R) and subsequent homodimerization of the signal transducer gp130. The complex of IL-6 and soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) triggers dimerization of gp130 and induces responses on cells that do not express membrane bound IL-6R. Naturally occurring soluble gp130 (sgp130) can be found in a ternary complex with IL-6 and sIL-6R. We created recombinant sgp130 proteins that showed binding to IL-6 in complex with sIL-6R and inhibited IL-6/sIL-6R induced proliferation of BAF/3 cells expressing gp130. Surprisingly, sgp130 proteins did not affect IL-6 stimulated proliferation of BAF/3 cells expressing gp130 and membrane bound IL-6R, indicating that sgp130 did not interfere with IL-6 bound to IL-6R on the cell surface. Additionally, sgp130 partially inhibited proliferation induced by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and oncostatin M (OSM) albeit at higher concentrations. Recombinant sgp130 protein could be used to block the anti-apoptotic effect of sIL-6R on lamina propria cells from Crohn disease patients. We conclude that sgp130 is the natural inhibitor of IL-6 responses dependent on sIL-6R. Furthermore, recombinant sgp130 is expected to be a valuable therapeutic tool to specifically block disease states in which sIL-6R transsignaling responses exist, e.g. in morbus Crohn disease.     

IL-6 receptor independent stimulation of human gp130 by viral IL-6

The genome of human herpes virus 8, which is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, encodes proteins with similarities to cytokines and chemokines including a homologue of IL-6. Although the function of these viral proteins is unclear, they might have the potential to modulate the immune system. For viral IL-6 (vIL-6), it has been demonstrated that it stimulates IL-6-dependent cells, indicating that the IL-6R system is used. IL-6 binds to IL-6R, and the IL-6/IL-6R complex associates with gp130 which dimerizes and initiates intracellular signaling. Cells that only express gp130 but no IL-6R cannot be stimulated by IL-6 unless a soluble form of the IL-6R is present. This type of signaling has been shown for hematopoietic progenitor cells, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. In this paper we show that purified recombinant vIL-6 binds to gp130 and stimulates primary human smooth muscle cells. IL-6R fails to bind vIL-6 and is not involved in its signaling. A Fc fusion protein of gp130 turned out to be a potent inhibitor of vIL-6. Our data demonstrate that vIL-6 is the first cytokine which directly binds and activates gp130. This property points to a possible role of this viral cytokine in the pathophysiology of human herpes virus 8.     

T cell regulation of human B cell proliferation and differentiation. Regulatory influences of CD45R+ and CD45R- T4 cell subsets

The immunoregulatory functions of human T4 cell subpopulations defined by mAb to the CD45R molecule (2H4) were examined. Both CD45R- and CD45R+ T4 cells that had been treated with mitomycin C (CD45R- and CD45R+ T4-mito) provided help for the generation of Ig-secreting cells (ISC) in cultures stimulated by PWM or by immobilized mAb to CD3 (64.1). IL-2 enhanced the generation of ISC in PWM-stimulated cultures and in anti-CD3-stimulated cultures containing CD45R+ T4-mito. The generation of ISC was maximal in cultures containing anti-CD3-activated CD45R- T4-mito and was not increased by IL-2. By contrast, CD45R+ T4 cells that had not been treated with mitomycin C suppressed B cell responses in cultures stimulated with PWM or anti-CD3, whereas CD45R- T4 cells suppressed the generation of ISC only in cultures stimulated with anti-CD3. IL-2 enhanced suppression by anti-CD3, but not PWM, activated CD45R- T4 cells. Suppression by CD45R+ T4 cells was maximal and not increased by IL-2. CD45R+ T4-mito were more effective suppressor-inducers in PWM-stimulated cultures, promoting the differentiation of suppressor-effector cells from CD8+ T cells. However, both CD45R+ and CD45R- T4-mito exerted comparable suppressor-inducer function in anti-CD3-stimulated cultures. Moreover, in anti-CD3-stimulated cultures, T8 cells could function as both suppressor-effector cells and suppressor-inducer cells. One of the functions of suppressor-inducer cells in this system appeared to involve the production of IL-2. Thus, the addition of IL-2 facilitated the induction of suppressor-effector T8 cells by CD45R- T4-mito in PWM-stimulated cultures. Although IL-2 production by the T cell subsets varied widely depending on the nature of the stimulus, these differences could not entirely explain their capacity to function as helper cells, suppressor-effector cells or suppressor-inducer cells. These results indicate that both CD45R+ and CD45R- T4 cells can help or suppress B cell responses, as well as induce suppressor-effector T8 cells. Moreover, suppressor-inducer function of T cells is not limited to the T4 cell population, but rather can also be accomplished by T8 cells. The results indicate that both T4 cell subsets and T8 cells exert multiple regulatory effects on human B cell function, with the nature of the activating stimulus playing a major role in determining the functional capacity of various T cell subsets.     

Interleukin-6 receptor signaling. I. gp80 and gp130 receptor interaction in the absence of interleukin-6

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is used as a growth factor by various tumor cells. It binds to a gp80 specific receptor (IL-6R) and then to a gp130 transducing chain. Both receptor chains are released as soluble functional proteins which circulate in biological fluids. To study the physiological role of these soluble receptors, both proteins were purified from human plasma and the kinetic constants of equilibria between IL-6 and its natural soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) and gp130 receptor (sgp130) were measured using surface plasmon resonance analysis. Unexpectedly, natural sIL-6R and natural sgp130 were found to interact (Kd = 2.8 nM) in the absence of IL-6. No interaction was seen between the recombinant soluble receptors or between either natural soluble receptor and its recombinant partner. This binary complex was not due to copurification of IL-6 and was detected in human plasma of healthy donors. It results from either direct interaction between the two natural soluble receptors or indirect binding mediated by a yet unidentified copurified plasma molecule playing the role of an IL-6 antagonist. Once formed, the binary complex was found to be unable to bind IL-6. Soluble gp130 had already been shown to inhibit IL-6 signaling by inactivating the IL-6/IL-6R complex. In addition we show that, in the absence of IL-6, circulating natural sgp130 is able to inhibit directly the circulating sIL-6R that is a strong synergic molecule of IL-6 signaling.     

Functional role played by the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor glycan of CD48 in interleukin-18-induced interferon-gamma production

Interleukin (IL)-18 induces T cells and natural killer cells to produce not only interferon-gamma but also other cytokines by binding to the IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) alpha and beta subunits. However, little is known about how IL-18, IL-18Ralpha, and IL-18Rbeta form a high-affinity complex on the cell surface and transduce the signal. We found that IL-18 and IL-18Ralpha bind to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycan via the third mannose 6-phosphate diester and the second beta-GlcNAc-deleted mannose 6-phosphate of GPI glycan, respectively. To determine which GPI-anchored glycoprotein is involved in the complex of IL-18 and IL-18Ralpha, IL-18Ralpha of IL-18-stimulated KG-1 cells was immunoprecipitated together with CD48 by anti-IL-18Ralpha antibody. More than 90% of CD48 was detected as beta-GlcNAc-deleted GPI-anchored glycoprotein, and soluble recombinant human CD48 without GPI glycan bound to IL-18Ralpha, indicating that CD48 is associated with IL-18Ralpha via both the peptide portion and the GPI glycan. To investigate whether the carbohydrate recognition of IL-18 is involved in physiological activities, KG-1 cells were digested with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C before IL-18 stimulation. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of tyrosine kinases and the following IL-18-dependent interferon-gamma production. These observations suggest that the complex formation of IL-18.IL-18Ralpha. CD48 via both the peptide portion and GPI glycan triggers the binding to IL-18Rbeta, and the IL-18.IL-18Ralpha.CD48.IL-18Rbeta complex induces cellular signaling.