用GT重复多态性诊断21三体患者中超数21号染色体减数分裂起源的研究

通过PCR扩增、PAG电泳和硝酸银显色,首次分析了人类21号染色体长臂上两个紧靠着丝粒的GT重复序列（D21S215和D21S120）在中国人中的多态性,并用于光天愚型患者中超数21号染色体减数分裂起源的诊断。D21S215和D21S120在中国人中分别有6和5个等位片段,杂合率观测值均为0.68,多态信息含量分别为0.67和0.65。用这两标记,在17例已知超数21号染色体双亲来源的患者中,检测出16例的减数分裂起源;其中来自母亲减数分裂Ⅰ和Ⅱ的分别有7和4例,属父亲减数分裂Ⅰ和Ⅱ不分离的分别为2和3例。对研究超数21号染色体起源的生物学意义等进行了讨论。     

A possible cause of non-disjunction of additional chromosome 21 in Down syndrome

Summary A possible cause of non-disjunction of chromosome 21 in Down Syndromes has been cytogenetically evaluated by examining the parents by Ag-staining technique. In all the cases studied so far, the contributing parents have active ribosomal cistrons on both chromosomes 21 i.e. both chromosomes are stained positively by silver staining. These results show that the active NORs might play an essential role in meiotic non-disjunction. Furthermore, the preliminary results demonstrate that the acrocentric associations of homologous and non-homologous nature involving chromosome 21 are the most frequent in the contributing parent which may further indicate the role of multiple cellular factors affecting the associations in promoting the non-disjunction in addition to active NORs. The possible mechanisms regarding the non-disjunction of chromosome 21 have been described.Presented at the 34th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics, Norfolk, VA, USA     

人类染色体8q24.1带特异性微小卫星DNA的筛选

本研究运用人类高分辨染色体显微切割、ＰＣＲ技术获得的８ｑ２４．１带特异性探针池,构建了该区带的ｐＵＣ１９文库,从中筛选出４８个含ＣＡ重复顺序的微小卫星ＤＮＡ的克隆,已完成１２个克隆的序列分析,发现了一个世界上至今未曾报道过的、在正常人群中已检出１１个等位片段的、杂合度在中国汉族人群和美国盎格鲁撤克逊族人群中分别达０．８４和０．８３的高度多态的微小卫星ＤＮＡ（编号：Ｄ８Ｓ７Ｆ）,经ＰＣＲ检测人鼠杂种细胞系列,证实其来源于人８号染色体。     

Finger-print patterns in parents of children with Down Syndrome

Finger-prints of the parents of thirty four Down children were compared with thirty four couples with two or more normal children without a family history of genetic problems. The parents with children affected by translocation Down Syndrome and those with mosaicism were excluded. A comparison of the figure distributions in each of the fingers of the two groups shows a different distribution. Parents of children affected by Down Syndrome occupy an intermediate position between the parents of normal children and the subjects affected by Down Syndrome. The total sum of values of A (arch), Lu (ulnar loop), Lt (radial loop) and W in each of the groups were also compared using a contingency table. A significant difference (p<0,05) was found between both groups. The differences are imputed to the variables A and L.     

小鼠窦前卵泡培养成熟后卵母细胞纺锤体的变化

目的小鼠窦前卵泡体外培养得到成熟卵母细胞,观察卵母细胞的染色体和纺锤体形态,分析其变化及原因。方法完整小鼠窦前卵泡培养12 d,得到的卵母细胞进行免疫荧光染色,共聚焦显微镜观察纺锤体和染色体的形态和分布。结果经过体外培养,得到GV、M I、MⅡ期卵母细胞分别占总数27.9%、37.2%、34.9%;GV期卵母细胞存在完整的染色质圆环,11.8%的M I期卵母细胞显示正常纺锤体和染色体;38.5%的MⅡ期卵母细胞显示正常的纺锤体和染色体。结论小鼠窦前卵泡经体外培养后能够得到成熟的MⅡ期卵母细胞,但是其效率较低。原因可能是卵母细胞骨架结构的异常使染色体分离障碍,部分卵母细胞停留于M I期;同时成熟卵母细胞的受精率低也与纺锤体异常有关。     

Protein expression in Down syndrome brain

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality associated with early mental retardation and neurological abnormalities followed by precocious age dependent Alzheimer-type neurode generation later in life. Knowledge of the pathological mechanisms involved in DS is far from complete, but overexpression of genes residing in chromosome 21 was considered to be the central point for the DS phenotype. In this regard, beta amyloid precursor protein (APP), CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and S100beta have been implicated in causing apoptosis, a mechanism thought to be responsible for neuronal loss in DS, in one way or another. The gene dosage hypothesis has been challenged, however, and dysregulation of expression of genes located on other chromosomes has been described, which may well be secondary to chromosomal imbalance or a direct consequence of the disease process. The present review focuses on the protein expression profile in DS and we postulate that abnormalities in the coordinated expression, as well as interaction of proteins may be responsible for the neuropathology of DS. A series of candidate proteins are discussed that may be directly causing or reflecting the DS phenotype, in particular the brain abnormalities in DS.