动脉平滑肌细胞sis／PDGF—B链的表达和调控

介绍平滑肌细胞ｓｉｓ／ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ链表达和调控的进展。ｃ－ｓｉｓ原癌基因是ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ的同源基因,将外源的ＰＤＧＦ基因导入哺乳类细胞是研究ＰＤＧＦ功能和调控的重要手段。内皮素ＩＬ、ＴＮＦ、血管紧张素Ⅱ和蛋白激酶Ｃ可调节ｓｉｓ基因的表达。ｓｕｒａｍｉｎ和新霉素的人工合成为拮抗ＰＤＧＦ效应提供广阔的前景。ｃ－ｓｉｓ可通过激活ｃ－ｍｙｃ,ｃ－ｆｏｓ等原癌基因而促进细胞增殖。     

动脉平滑肌细胞sis／PDGF－B链的表达和调控

介绍平滑肌细胞ｓｉｓ／ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ链表达和调控的进展。ｃ－ｓｉｓ原癌基因是ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ的同源基因,将外源的ＰＤＧＦ基因导入哺乳类细胞是研究ＰＤＧＦ功能和调控的重要手段。内皮素、ＩＬ、ＴＮＦ、血管紧张素Ⅱ和蛋白激酶Ｃ可调节ｓｉｓ基因的表达。ｓｕｒａｍｉｎ和新霉素（ｎｅｏｍｙｃｉｎ）的人工合成为拮抗ＰＤＧＦ效应提供广阔的前景。ｃ－ｓｉｓ可通过激活ｃ－ｍｙｃ、ｃ－ｆｏｓ等原癌基因而促进细胞增殖。     

大鼠酰胺化酶的信号肽引导的昆虫细胞表达外泌系统

将大鼠酰胺化酶的信号肽及前导肽编码序列引入昆虫核多角体病毒转移表达载体,构建ＰＡＢＣｈＧＲＦ（Ｇｌｙ）、ＰＡＢＣＩＧＦＩ融合基因的昆虫细胞分泌表达质粒ｐＢａｃＰＡＧ２、ｐＢａｃＰＡＩ,并与经修饰的银纹夜蛾核多角体病毒ＢａｃＰＡＫ６线性化ＤＮＡ共转染秋粘虫细胞Ｓｆ２１,通过同源重组、筛选和鉴定,得到它们的重组病毒ＢａｃＰＡＧ、ＢａｃＰＡＩ。将重组病毒感染Ｓｆ２１细胞,ＰＡＢＣｈＧＲＦ（Ｇｌｙ）和ＰＡＢＣＩＧＦＩ均得到有效外泌表达,表达产物通过ＩｇＧＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ柱可获得快速纯化。     

高及低转移潜能小鼠肝癌细胞株糖蛋白凝集素结合特征的研究

为探讨肿瘤转移与细胞表面的糖结构的关系,对小鼠肝癌细胞的高、低淋巴道转移株Ｈｃａ－Ｆ和Ｈｃａ－Ｐ进行了蛋白质电泳及经蛋白质印迹术后的５种凝集素（ＣｏｎＡ、ＷＧＡ、ＵＥＡ、ＳＢＡ、ＰＮＡ）结合糖蛋白谱的对比分析．结果表明：高、低转移两株细胞的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ谱基本相同;ＣｏｎＡ特异结合糖蛋白共有５种（～７２,８０～９０,～１０４,～１５０,～２００ｋＤ）;其中较明显的差异为～７２ｋＤＣｏｎＡ特异结合糖蛋白,它在Ｈｃａ－Ｐ细胞的表达明显高于Ｈｃａ－Ｆ细胞．ＷＧＡ特异结合糖蛋白１种（～１５０ｋＤ）,在Ｈｃａ－Ｐ细胞的表达略高于Ｈｃａ－Ｆ细胞．此外,实验发现两种性质未明的蛋白质（～７９,～１３０ｋＤ）,后者在Ｈｃａ－Ｐ细胞的含量明显高于Ｈｃａ－Ｐ细胞．结果提示Ｈｃａ－Ｆ和Ｈｃａ－Ｐ细胞不同的转移表型可能与其糖蛋白的表达有一定的关联．     

PDGF-BB多肽刺激肺动脉平滑肌细胞PDGFmRNA表达

应用地高辛（Ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ）标记的血小板源性生长因子（ＰＤＧＦ）Ａ和ＰＤＧＦＢ链ｃＤＮＡ探针,原位检测了ＰＤＧＦＢＢ多肽对单层培养的肺动脉平滑肌细胞ＰＤＧＦ基因表达的影响。结果表明,无血清培养的肺动脉平滑肌细胞内ＰＤＧＦＡ和ＰＤＧＦＢ链ｍＲＮＡ阳性表达颗粒稀少,ＰＤＧＦＢＢ多肽培养的肺动脉平滑肌细胞ＰＤＧＦＡ和ＰＤＧＦＢ链ｍＲＮＡ阳性表达颗粒增多,较密集的分布于整个细胞内。全自动图像分析结果显示,ＰＤＧＦＡ和ＰＤＧＦＢ链ｍＲＮＡ表达,ＰＤＧＦＢＢ培养组分别为无血清培养组的１７４倍和１７倍,差异显著（Ｐ＜００１）。本研究结果提示,ＰＤＧＦＢＢ多肽能刺激肺动脉平滑肌细胞ＰＤＧＦｍＲＮＡ表达,促进其分泌,在慢性低氧性肺动脉高压血管平滑肌细胞增殖中具有重要作用     

绿色荧光蛋白的发光机制

从多管水母（Ａｅｑｕｏｒｅａｖｉｃｔｏｒｉａ）中分离纯化的绿色荧光蛋白（ＧＦＰ）是由２３８个氨基酸残基组成的单链多肽,分子量约２７ｋＤ,１９９２年其ｃＤＮＡ被克隆［１］。１９９４年重组野生型ＧＦＰ（ＷｔＧＦＰ）在异源细胞中表达［２］。野生型ＧＦＰ被紫外光和蓝光激发后能发出绿色荧光,最大荧光吸收／激发峰在３９５ｎｍ,在４７５ｎｍ有一个肩峰,荧光发射峰为５０８ｎｍ。ＧＦＰ的结构和光致荧光非常稳定,而且因ＧＦＰ生色团的形成是自催化的,检测ＧＦＰ的光致荧光不需要外加底物和辅因子,便于活体观察［２］。如今…     

缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织中血小板源性生长因子和c－myc基因表达增强

本研究分析了大鼠肺组织中血小板源性生长因子Ａ链、Ｂ链（ＰＤＧＦ－Ａ,ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ）和ｃ－ｍｙｃ原癌基因ｍＲＮＡ在正常和缺氧时的含量变化。正常肺组织可表达１．７ｋｂ的ＰＤＧＦ－ＡｍＲＮＡ和３．５ｋｂ的ＰＤＧＦ－ＢｍＲＮＡ,还有少量２．２ｋｂｃ－ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ。在缺氧过程中,ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ链ｍＲＮＡ和ｃ－ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ迅速增加,至缺氧１４ｄ时,分别为正常的３倍和５倍。而ＰＤＧＦ－ＡｍＲＮＡ在缺氧７ｄ时增高,而后又略有降低。结果表明：缺氧的肺组织局部生成的ＰＤＧＦ激活了ｃ－ｍｙｃ原癌基因,这对于缺氧性肺动脉高压的形成具有重要作用。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞原癌基因c-fos和c-myc表达的影响

在建立大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（ＭＣ）体外培养方法的基础上,通过３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入实验,ＲＮＡ印迹分析和斑点杂交观察ｂＦＧＦ对ＭＣＤＮＡ合成及原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达的影响．结果表明,ｂＦＧＦ作用于ＭＣ１８ｈ,ＭＣ的３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入率明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,２４ｈ达到高峰（Ｐ＜０．０１）;ｂＦＧＦ显著诱导原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达,其表达活性分别于３０ｍｉｎ和１ｈ达到高峰．提示ｂＦＧＦ是ＭＣ的强效丝裂原,其对ＭＣＤＮＡ合成的促进作用与诱导原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达有关．     

蝎毒抗癫痫反复发作的GFAP基因调控机制

已有的资料证实红藻氨酸 (Ｋａｉｎｉｃａｃｉｄ ,ＫＡ)癫痫模型具有癫痫发作敏感性长期增强的特征 ,伴有海马结构胶质原纤维酸性蛋白 (ｇｌｉａｌｆｉｂｒｉｌｌａｒｙａｃｉｄｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ,ＧＦＡＰ)的大量表达 ,其为海马结构反应性胶质化的神经病理学基础 ;用反义ＧＦＡＰｍＲＮＡ转染的星形胶质细胞的细胞株内不再表达ＧＦＡＰ。新近 ,我们从ＫＡ癫痫大鼠海马结构中发现调控ＧＦＡＰ基因表达的序列特异的ＤＮＡ结合蛋白。我们从前的工作已证实蝎毒具有明显的抗癫痫反复发作的作用 ,抑制癫痫大鼠海马结构ＧＦＡＰ的过量表达 ,但蝎毒阻…     

衰老细胞转录因子AP1／CREB结合活性对EGF的可诱导性下降

转录因子与ＤＮＡ的结合是基因转录的关键环节,通过迁移性法分析季转录因子ＡＰ１、ｃＤＡＭＰ反应元件结合蛋白（ＣＲＥＢ）、糖皮质激素反应元件（ＧＲＥ）结合蛋白在衰老细胞中的结合活性,结果表明,ＡＰ１与ＣＲＥＢ的结合活性在衰老细胞中对表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）的反应性低于年轻细胞;而ＧＲＥ结合蛋白的结合活性在衰老细胞中对ＥＧＦ的反应性无明显变化,这提示ＥＧＦ不能有效刺激衰老细胞增殖可能与其转录因子结合活性的     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.