共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
展叶始期的温度敏感度是指气温每变化1℃,物候期变化的天数。展叶始期对温度响应更敏感的植物能够在生长季初期占据更多的资源从而在种间竞争中占据优势,因此研究展叶始期的温度敏感度变化有助于评估植物对气候变化的适应能力。选择1963-2014年10个站点163种植物的展叶始期资料,利用滑动分析法计算了每15a各植物的展叶始期温度敏感度。在此基础上,分析了温度敏感度的变化趋势及空间格局,并讨论了导致展叶始期温度敏感度变化的可能原因。主要结论为:在全部313条展叶始期时间序列中,60.1%的序列温度敏感度呈升高趋势,其中显著升高的占40.0%(P < 0.05);39.9%的序列温度敏感度降低,其中显著降低的占28.4%。在空间分布上,温带地区的6个站点展叶始期温度敏感度平均呈升高趋势。其中,北京地区植物展叶始期温度敏感度升高最为普遍,显著升高的物种比例达到75.0%(P < 0.05)。而亚热带站点(除合肥外)的展叶始期温度敏感度主要呈降低趋势。其中,长沙植物展叶始期温度敏感度显著降低的物种比例最高,达68.4%。冬季冷激量和春季气温变率是影响植物展叶始期温度敏感度随时间变化的主要因素。冬季冷激量降低将导致植物展叶始期温度敏感度降低,而春季气温变率降低将导致植物展叶始期温度敏感度升高。 相似文献
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过去几十年来暖春等异常气候事件发生的频次和强度显著增加, 使植物春季物候期发生了明显变化。但异常气候事件对植物春季物候积温需求的影响仍不清楚, 限制了对未来物候变化预测精度的提升。该研究利用西安植物园1963-2018年39种木本植物的展叶始期和相应气象数据, 首先根据3-4月平均气温划分了偏冷年、正常年和偏暖年, 对比了冷暖年相对于正常年的展叶始期变化。其次, 利用3种积温算法计算了各植物逐年的展叶始期积温需求, 比较了积温需求在冷暖年和正常年的差异。最后, 评估了传统积温模型在模拟偏冷或偏暖年展叶始期时的误差。结果表明, 所有植物的展叶始期在偏暖年比正常年平均早8.6天, 而在偏冷年平均晚8.2天。在偏暖年, 大多数物种展叶始期的积温需求(以5 ℃为阈值, 平均257.5度日)显著高于正常年(平均195.1度日); 在偏冷年的积温需求(平均168.0度日)低于正常年, 但在统计上差异不显著。就不同类群而言, 古老类群相对于年轻类群在偏冷年的推迟天数更多, 积温需求变化较小, 但在偏暖年无显著差异。不同生活型间物候与积温需求变化也无显著差异。造成偏暖年积温需求增加的可能原因是偏暖年冬季气温较高, 导致植物受到的冷激程度减轻, 从而抑制了后续的展叶。在正常年, 积温模型模拟木本植物展叶始期的平均误差仅为0.4-1.9天。在偏暖年和偏冷年, 模拟值分别比观测值平均早4.1天和晚3.0天。因此在预测未来物候变化时, 需要考虑气候波动条件下的积温需求变化。 相似文献
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植被物候期的变化是全球变化研究的热点问题, 因为物候过程是反映植被对气候变化响应的最直接和最敏感的生态学过程之一, 大尺度植被物候学过程主要以植被的季节动态体现其对气候变化的长期适应过程。基于NOAA/AVHRR从1982年至2006年的双周归一化植被指数NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)数据, 依托中国东部南北样带, 对主要植被类型的物候过程进行模拟, 并计算了主要物候现象(包括返青起始期、休眠起始期和生长季长度)的发生时间和演变趋势。结果表明: 返青起始期显著提前的植被有温带针叶林(TCF, 0.56 d·a-1)、温带草丛(TG, 0.66 d·a-1)、亚热带热带针叶林(STCF, 0.46 d·a-1)、亚热带落叶阔叶林(SDBF, 0.58 d·a-1)和亚热带热带草丛(STG, 0.89 d·a-1); 休眠起始期显著推迟的植被有寒温带温带针叶林(TCTCF, 0.32 d·a-1)、SDBF (0.80 d·a-1)和温带落叶阔叶林(TDBF, 0.18 d·a-1); 此外, 大部分植被类型的生长季长度都有所延长, 但延长的方式不同: TCF (0.77 d·a-1)是由于返青起始期显著提前造成的; TCTCF (0.38 d·a-1)和TDBF (0.36 d·a-1)是由于休眠起始期显著推迟造成的; TG (0.76 d·a-1)、STCF (0.83 d·a-1)、SDBF (1.40 d·a-1)和STG (1.30 d·a-1)等是由于返青起始期提前和休眠起始期推迟共同造成的。对温度和降水的变化进行分析发现, 温度对南北样带上植被物候的影响较大, 而降水对物候的影响相对较小, 不同植被类型对温度的响应各异。在南北样带上存在的热量梯度, 使得整条样带上植被的物候现象也表现出时间梯度, 从返青起始期发生的时间上比较, 从北向南逐渐推迟, 即寒温带植被>温带植被>亚热带植被; 休眠起始期和生长季长度则正好相反, 亚热带植被>温带植被>寒温带植被。 相似文献
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1980—2005年中国东北木本植物物候特征及其对气温的响应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于25年物候观测数据,分析了东北地区木本植物物候的时空变化特征,阐述了近25年来东北地区气候变暖对植物物候的影响,结果表明:1980—2005年,东北地区木本植物展叶初期主要呈提前趋势,提前幅度为0.23d·a-1,枯黄初期主要表现为推后趋势,平均推后0.19d·a-1,生长季延长,平均延长幅度为0.30d·a-1;东北地区广泛分布的5种木本植物(旱柳、杏树、小叶杨、榆树和紫丁香)物候在地理空间上存在显著差异:纬度平均每增加1°,展叶初期推后3d,枯黄初期提前1.35d,生长季长度缩短4.41d;东北地区植物展叶初期与2、3、4月的气温显著负相关(P0.05),其中,4月气温对植物展叶提前的影响最大,展叶提前趋势平均为2.35d·℃-1;2月气温的影响最小,平均趋势为1.18d·℃-1。 相似文献
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以中国东北地区的沈阳、长春、哈尔滨3个大城市及其周边的乡村为研究单元,在像元尺度上采用小波变换法对长时间序列中分辨率成像光谱仪(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS)增强植被指数(Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI)数据滤除噪声数据后重建平滑的EVI曲线,基于EVI曲线,采用动态阈值法提取出研究区2009—2016年植被关键物候期参数指标,即植被生长季开始时间(Start of Growing Season, SOS)和结束时间(End of Growing Season, EOS),分析各研究单元植被物候时空变化特征及其对地表温度的响应特征。结果表明:各研究单元SOS和EOS值的空间分布图存在明显的城乡差异。每一个像元所属的实际位置距离城区中心越近,其SOS值越小,EOS值越大,表明植被生长季开始日期早结束日期晚,整个植被生长期时间变长。各研究单元植被物候参数指标的年际变化趋势具有一定的相似性,即SOS随时间均呈现出提前趋势,且城区和乡村的SOS年际变化趋势保持一致,变化速率各不相同。研究区... 相似文献
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量化植被物候与城市化进程之间的关系对探索人类活动对城市生态系统的影响至关重要。以中国35个城市及周边区域为研究对象,基于中分辨率成像光谱仪(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS)提供的归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI),采用Savitzky-Golay滤波和动态阈值法提取2000—2020年研究区植被返青期(Start of Growing Season, SOS)和枯黄期(End of Growing Season, EOS)。并分析不同城市规模、不同距离城市的植被物候变化对陆地地表温度(Land Surface Temperature, LST)与不透水面(Impervious Surface Area, ISA)的响应差异。研究发现:(1)2000—2020年,中国城市城区植被SOS和EOS分别以0.17d/a和0.15d/a的速率推迟。根据城市规模的不同,大城市和中等城市物候期呈推迟趋势,而超大城市、特大城市和小城市呈提前趋势。51%的城市... 相似文献
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高精度地对各气象站缺测降水资料进行插补,从而获得完整序列的降水资料,对于提高气候变化影响分析的时空精度具有十分重要的意义.本文利用空间相关和逐步回归法,对东部林区月内有单日缺测或不多于7 d缺测的降水资料进行插补,最终建立了853个站自1961-2010年完整序列的降水资料.在此基础上,应用趋势分析法,分析了1961-2010年降水量、降水日数和极端降水事件的变化特性.结果表明: 1961-2010年,研究区年降水量略呈不显著增加趋势,倾向率为5.58 mm·(10 a)-1,年代际变化明显;年降水日数呈显著减少趋势.极端降水日数和极端降水量呈显著上升趋势,倾向率分别为0.12 d·(10 a)-1、10.22 mm·(10 a)-1.尤其是20世纪90年代以后,该区极端降水事件明显偏多偏强,极端降水量对总降水量的比率也呈显著增加趋势.极端降水日数和极端降水量均在1993年发生突变. 相似文献
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高精度地对各气象站缺测降水资料进行插补,从而获得完整序列的降水资料,对于提高气候变化影响分析的时空精度具有十分重要的意义.本文利用空间相关和逐步回归法,对东部林区月内有单日缺测或不多于7d缺测的降水资料进行插补,最终建立了853个站自1961-2010年完整序列的降水资料.在此基础上,应用趋势分析法,分析了1961-2010年降水量、降水日数和极端降水事件的变化特性.结果表明:1961-2010年,研究区年降水量略呈不显著增加趋势,倾向率为5.58 mm.(10a)-1,年代际变化明显;年降水日数呈显著减少趋势.极端降水日数和极端降水量呈显著上升趋势,倾向率分别为0.12 d·(10a)-1、10.22mm·(10a)-1.尤其是20世纪90年代以后,该区极端降水事件明显偏多偏强,极端降水量对总降水量的比率也呈显著增加趋势.极端降水日数和极端降水量均在1993年发生突变. 相似文献
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Yongshuo H. Fu Xiaojun Geng Fanghua Hao Yann Vitasse Constantin M. Zohner Xuan Zhang Xuancheng Zhou Guodong Yin Josep Peuelas Shilong Piao Ivan A. Janssens 《Global Change Biology》2019,25(12):4282-4290
Temperature during a particular period prior to spring leaf‐out, the temperature‐relevant period (TRP), is a strong determinant of the leaf‐out date in temperate‐zone trees. Climatic warming has substantially advanced leaf‐out dates in temperate biomes worldwide, but its effect on the beginning and length of the TRP has not yet been explored, despite its direct relevance for phenology modeling. Using 1,551 species–site combinations of long‐term (1951–2016) in situ observations on six tree species (namely, Aesculus hippocastanum, Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, and Quercus robur) in central Europe, we found that the advancing leaf‐out was accompanied by a shortening of the TRP. On average across all species and sites, the length of the TRP significantly decreased by 23% (p < .05), from 60 ± 4 days during 1951–1965 to 47 ± 4 days during 2002–2016. Importantly, the average start date of the TRP did not vary significantly over the study period (March 2–5, DOY = 61–64), which could be explained by sufficient chilling over the study period in the regions considered. The advanced leaf‐out date with unchanged beginning of the TRP can be explained by the faster accumulation of the required heat due to climatic warming, which overcompensated for the retarding effect of shortening daylength on bud development. This study shows that climate warming has not yet affected the mean TRP starting date in the study region, implying that phenology modules in global land surface models might be reliable assuming a fixed TRP starting date at least for the temperate central Europe. Field warming experiments do, however, remain necessary to test to what extent the length of TRP will continue to shorten and whether the starting date will remain stable under future climate conditions. 相似文献
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Changes in autumn senescence in northern hemisphere deciduous trees: a meta-analysis of autumn phenology studies 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Allison L. Gill Amanda S. Gallinat Rebecca Sanders-DeMott Angela J. Rigden Daniel J. Short Gianotti Joshua A. Mantooth Pamela H. Templer 《Annals of botany》2015,116(6):875-888
Background and Aims Many individual studies have shown that the timing of leaf senescence in boreal and temperate deciduous forests in the northern hemisphere is influenced by rising temperatures, but there is limited consensus on the magnitude, direction and spatial extent of this relationship.Methods A meta-analysis was conducted of published studies from the peer-reviewed literature that reported autumn senescence dates for deciduous trees in the northern hemisphere, encompassing 64 publications with observations ranging from 1931 to 2010.Key Results Among the meteorological measurements examined, October temperatures were the strongest predictors of date of senescence, followed by cooling degree-days, latitude, photoperiod and, lastly, total monthly precipitation, although the strength of the relationships differed between high- and low-latitude sites. Autumn leaf senescence has been significantly more delayed at low (25° to 49°N) than high (50° to 70°N) latitudes across the northern hemisphere, with senescence across high-latitude sites more sensitive to the effects of photoperiod and low-latitude sites more sensitive to the effects of temperature. Delays in leaf senescence over time were stronger in North America compared with Europe and Asia.Conclusions The results indicate that leaf senescence has been delayed over time and in response to temperature, although low-latitude sites show significantly stronger delays in senescence over time than high-latitude sites. While temperature alone may be a reasonable predictor of the date of leaf senescence when examining a broad suite of sites, it is important to consider that temperature-induced changes in senescence at high-latitude sites are likely to be constrained by the influence of photoperiod. Ecosystem-level differences in the mechanisms that control the timing of leaf senescence may affect both plant community interactions and ecosystem carbon storage as global temperatures increase over the next century. 相似文献
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A modelling analysis of the effects of climatic warming on the probability of spring frost damage to tree species in The Netherlands and Germany 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
K. KRAMER 《Plant, cell & environment》1994,17(4):367-377
Two studies presented in the literature ( Murray, Canned & Smith 1989 ; Hanninen 1991 ) evaluate the effect of increasing winter temperature on the probability of spring frost damage to trees, but yield contradictory results. It is unclear whether the disparity can be ascribed to the fact that different models were used, or is the result of different climatic warming scenarios being used, or is because the tree species at the different locations do indeed respond differently to warmer winters. To evaluate the effects of climatic warming to tree species in The Netherlands and in Germany, both models were fitted to long series of observations on the date of leaf unfolding of eleven tree species. The impact of the two scenarios (uniformly and non-uniformly changing winter temperature) on the date of leaf unfolding and on the probability of freezing temperature around that date was evaluated. To test the importance of adaptation to local climate, hypothetical provenance transfers were analysed. It was concluded that, for tree species in The Netherlands and Germany, the probability of spring frost damage will decrease. The contradictory results found in the literature could be ascribed to differences between provenances adapted to their local climate, and is not because different models and different climatic warming scenarios were used in these studies. 相似文献
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植物物候是植物生活史中的重要性状,也是指示气候与自然环境变化的重要指标,现已成为全球变化领域的研究热点之一。传统物候研究多假设物候由气候因素决定,如气温、降水、光照等,并主要从植物物候的年际变化角度探讨了气候因素对物候特征的影响。然而,不同物种的物候存在较大差异表明植物物候还与自身生物学特性(如系统发育和功能性状)有关,但植物生物学特性如何影响植物物候仍缺乏深入研究。基于北京地区44种木本植物1965-2018年的展叶始期和开花始期观测资料,以展叶始期和开花始期的3类物候特征(平均物候期、物候对温度的响应敏感度和物候期的积温需求)为例,探究植物物候特征与系统发育和功能性状的关系。首先,利用系统发育信号Blomberg’s K和进化模型检验植物物候特征是否具有系统发育保守性,并通过系统发育信号表征曲线直观表达植物物候特征的进化模式;之后,利用广义估计方程分析植物生活型、传粉型与物候特征的关系,以揭示不同植物的资源利用方式及生存策略的差异。研究发现:(1)除展叶始期的温度敏感度外,其余物候特征的进化均受随机遗传漂变和自然选择力的共同作用,可推断物候特征具有系统发育保守性,即亲缘关系越近的物种物候特征越相似。(2)开花始期的系统发育信号强度比展叶始期更大,表明繁殖物候的系统发育可能比生长物候更保守。(3)植物展叶始期及其积温需求与生活型密切相关。灌木比乔木的展叶时间早、积温需求少。植物开花始期与传粉型相关,风媒植物开花显著早于虫媒植物。研究成果有助于深入理解物候变化的生物学机制,对于丰富物候学的理论研究有重要意义,同时对植物保护也具有重要的指导价值。 相似文献
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Jian‐Guo Huang Qianqian Ma Heikki Hänninen Sergio Rossi Shilong Piao Yves Bergeron 《Global Change Biology》2018,24(9):3969-3975
Under current global warming, high‐elevation regions are expected to experience faster warming than low‐elevation regions. However, due to the lack of studies based on long‐term large‐scale data, the relationship between tree spring phenology and the elevation‐dependent warming is unclear. Using 652k records of leaf unfolding of five temperate tree species monitored during 1951–2013 in situ in Europe, we discovered a nonlinear trend in the altitudinal sensitivity (SA, shifted days per 100 m in altitude) in spring phenology. A delayed leaf unfolding (2.7 ± 0.6 days per decade) was observed at high elevations possibly due to decreased spring forcing between 1951 and 1980. The delayed leaf unfolding at high‐elevation regions was companied by a simultaneous advancing of leaf unfolding at low elevations. These divergent trends contributed to a significant increase in the SA (0.36 ± 0.07 days 100/m per decade) during 1951–1980. Since 1980, the SA started to decline with a rate of ?0.32 ± 0.07 days 100/m per decade, possibly due to reduced chilling at low elevations and improved efficiency of spring forcing in advancing the leaf unfolding at high elevations, the latter being caused by increased chilling. Our results suggest that due to both different temperature changes at the different altitudes, and the different tree responses to these changes, the tree phenology has shifted at different rates leading to a more uniform phenology at different altitudes during recent decades. 相似文献
15.
根据1963–2007年中国物候观测网西安观测站的物候和气温、降水资料,分析了西安站34种木本植物春季展叶始期、展叶盛期、始花期和盛花期等4个关键物候期的变化趋势、对气候变化的阶段响应特点及其与气温、降水变化的关系。结果表明,1963年以来,西安地区气温呈显著上升趋势,特别是1994年前后,气温发生明显突变,上升趋势更加明显;西安春季物候变化主要呈现提前趋势。在45年中,观测到的34种植物的展叶始期平均提前1天,展叶盛期平均提前1.4天,始花期平均提前9天,盛花期平均提前12天;以突变点为界,34个物种1995–2007年的4种物候期比1963–1994年平均提前了4.34±0.77天;春季物候期的早晚主要受春季气温的影响,特别是春季物候期发生当月和上一月的平均气温对物候期的影响最为显著。叶物候和物候发生期前一月的降水量有较为明显的相关关系,花物候期和降水的关系不明显。 相似文献
16.
Leaf phenology describes the seasonal cycle of leaf functioning. Although it is essential for understanding the interactions between the biosphere, the climate, and biogeochemical cycles, it has received little attention in the modelling community at global scale. This article focuses on the prediction of spatial patterns of the climatological onset date of leaf growth for the decade 1983–93. It examines the possibility of extrapolating existing local models of leaf onset date to the global scale. Climate is the main variable that controls leaf phenology for a given biome at this scale, and satellite observations provide a unique means to study the seasonal cycle of canopies. We combine leaf onset dates retrieved from NOAA/AVHRR satellite NDVI with climate data and the DISCover land‐cover map to identify appropriate models, and determine their new parameters at a 0.5° spatial resolution. We define two main regions: at temperate and high latitudes leaf onset models are mainly dependent on temperature; at low latitudes they are controlled by water availability. Some local leaf onset models are no longer relevant at the global scale making their calibration impossible. Nevertheless, we define our unified model by retaining the model that best reproduced the spatial distribution of leaf onset dates for each biome. The main spatial patterns of leaf onset date are well simulated, such as the Sahelian gradient due to aridity and the high latitude gradient due to frost. At temperate and high latitudes, simulated onset dates are in good agreement with climatological observations; 62% of treated grid‐cells have a simulated leaf onset date within 10 days of the satellite observed onset date (which is also the temporal resolution of the NDVI data). In tropical areas, the subgrid heterogeneity of the phenology is larger and our model's predictive power is diminished. The difficulties encountered in the tropics are due to the ambiguity of the satellite signal interpretation and the low reliability of rainfall and soil moisture fields. 相似文献
17.
城市化影响植物物候,春季物候,如爆芽和展叶是植物响应城市化的客观生物指示。然而在城乡梯度上植物物候如何变化,以及物候与城市化程度是否存在定量关系,尚不明确。利用上海市2条城乡梯度上的6种木本植物的春季物候观测数据,以及距市中心距离作为城市化程度的代理指标,研究植物的爆芽和展叶物候期在城乡梯度上的变化及其与城市化程度的关系。研究结果表明:6种城市木本植物的爆芽和展叶物候期呈现随着距市中心距离的增加而延迟的趋势;城市化程度代理指标与爆芽和展叶物候期之间存在线性关系,城市化代理指标距市中心距离可以解释物候期延迟的31.5%—96.7%;物候期延迟时间因物种和距离城市距离而异,爆芽期延迟时间为3—15 d,展叶始期延长时间为4—13 d,展叶盛期延长时间为3—9 d。上述结果对理解城市化对植物物候的影响机制,评估城市化对城市生态系统的影响具有积极意义。 相似文献
18.
气候变暖导致温带植物春季物候显著提前,影响陆地生态系统结构和功能。开花时间是决定植物繁殖和更新的重要因素,以往的研究主要关注气候变化对春季展叶或者开花等单一物候事件的影响,\"开花-展叶\"时间间隔对气候变化的响应受到的关注较少,深刻理解植物展叶和开花时间及其间隔对气候变化的响应差异对于理解生态系统对气候变化响应和生物多样性维持机制具有重要意义。以两个先开花后展叶植物迎春(Jasminum nudiflorum)和榆叶梅(Amygdalus triloba)为研究对象,通过野外剪枝和气候变化模拟实验探究了春季温度、光周期和冬季冷激对植物春季开花、展叶速度及其时间间隔的影响。研究结果表明,在升温2℃、5℃、10℃条件下,春季升温显著加快了两种植物春季展叶和开花的速度,迎春和榆叶梅的展叶速度分别平均缩短了(8.2±1.2)d和(3.9±1.4)d,开花速度分别平均缩短了(1.1±0.8)d和(5.0±1.4)d。冬季冷激增加加快了两种植物展叶速度,但对开花速度没有显著影响。此外,春季升温缩短了迎春的\"开花-展叶\"时间间隔,平均缩短了(17.0±1.2)d,对榆叶梅无显著影响。冬季冷激增加显著缩短了两个植物\"开花-展叶\"时间间隔,高冷激处理下迎春和榆叶梅的\"开花-展叶\"时间间隔分别比低冷激处理缩短了(7.8±0.9)d和(4.1±1.4)d。光周期对两种植物开花和展叶速度及其间隔的影响均不显著。研究揭示了植物春季展叶、开花速度及其间隔对气候变化的响应规律,对于揭示植物营养组织和生殖组织的资源分配过程,维持生态系统稳定性具有重要意义。 相似文献