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1.
采用微分干涉相差显微镜、扫描和透射电镜技术系统研究了苜蓿假盘菌Pseudopeziza medicaginis在苜蓿叶片的侵染过程及超微结构特征。结果表明,接种4h后,子囊孢子萌发产生芽管:12h后,芽管以直接侵入的方式进入表皮细胞形成侵染菌丝:24h后,表皮细胞中侵染菌丝向相邻表皮细胞扩展,同时侵入到叶肉细胞以胞内生长方式扩展:接种72h后,侵染菌丝在表皮细胞下的叶肉组织中形成初始菌落;第5d后,菌丝扩展至整个叶片组织,大量菌丝聚集形成子座组织,并进一步形成子囊盘与子囊。病菌菌丝在侵入寄主细胞初期,并不穿透寄主质膜与原生质,而是被其所包围。但随着菌丝进一步扩展,叶片组织发生了一系列的病理变化,其中包括叶肉细胞肿胀、细胞质消解、叶绿体等细胞器解体以及寄主细胞坏死塌陷,并最终在叶表面产生典型的褐斑病症状。  相似文献   

2.
苜蓿假盘菌侵染苜蓿叶片的细胞学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用微分干涉相差显微镜、扫描和透射电镜技术系统研究了苜蓿假盘菌Pseudopeziza medicaginis在苜蓿叶片的侵染过程及超微结构特征。结果表明,接种4h后,子囊孢子萌发产生芽管;12h后,芽管以直接侵入的方式进入表皮细胞形成侵染菌丝;24h后,表皮细胞中侵染菌丝向相邻表皮细胞扩展,同时侵入到叶肉细胞以胞内生长方式扩展;接种72h后,侵染菌丝在表皮细胞下的叶肉组织中形成初始菌落;第5d后,菌丝扩展至整个叶片组织,大量菌丝聚集形成子座组织,并进一步形成子囊盘与子囊。病菌菌丝在侵入寄主细胞初期,并不穿透寄主质膜与原生质,而是被其所包围。但随着菌丝进一步扩展,叶片组织发生了一系列的病理变化,其中包括叶肉细胞肿胀、细胞质消解、叶绿体等细胞器解体以及寄主细胞坏死塌陷,并最终在叶表面产生典型的褐斑病症状。  相似文献   

3.
苜蓿假盘菌侵染苜蓿叶片的细胞学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
采用微分干涉相差显微镜、扫描和透射电镜技术系统研究了苜蓿假盘菌Pseudopeziza medicaginis在苜蓿叶片的侵染过程及超微结构特征。结果表明,接种4h后,子囊孢子萌发产生芽管;12h后,芽管以直接侵入的方式进入表皮细胞形成侵染菌丝;24h后,表皮细胞中侵染菌丝向相邻表皮细胞扩展,同时侵入到叶肉细胞以胞内生长方式扩展;接种72h后,侵染菌丝在表皮细胞下的叶肉组织中形成初始菌落;第5d后,菌丝扩展至整个叶片组织,大量菌丝聚集形成子座组织,并进一步形成子囊盘与子囊。病菌菌丝在侵入寄主细胞初期,并不  相似文献   

4.
以休眠期的台湾独蒜兰(Pleione formosana)假鳞茎为试材,利用石蜡切片及透射电子显微镜,分别对假鳞茎的5个部位(假鳞茎基部、假鳞茎中部、假鳞茎外侧、假鳞茎与叶芽相接处、假鳞茎与花芽相接处)进行了系统观察分析。结果发现:(1)台湾独蒜兰假鳞茎5个部位均观察到液泡及不同程度液泡化的细胞,表皮细胞覆着有厚厚的蜡质层。(2)台湾独蒜兰假鳞茎基部、中部、外侧细胞中均存在一定的叶绿体,少量线粒体分布在其周围。(3)假鳞茎薄壁细胞中存在淀粉粒及造粉体,且造粉体伴随有形成淀粉粒的现象。(4)假鳞茎基部、中部、外侧及其与花芽相接处的薄壁细胞壁之间有大量胞间连丝,筛管-伴胞复合体与薄壁细胞间也存在胞间连丝,同时细胞间存在不同形状的细胞间隙。研究结果表明,台湾独蒜兰假鳞茎发挥了其作为储水器官、光合作用场所及储存碳水化合物的功能,同时休眠期间主要以共质体途径进行物质的交换与运输。  相似文献   

5.
利用室内水培实验,研究了外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)对Pb2+处理下小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)种子萌发、幼苗生长及相关生理指标变化的影响。结果表明,Pb2+处理使小麦种子发芽势、发芽率、幼苗根长和茎长均显著降低,诱导叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量减少及叶绿素荧光参数Fv/FmFv/Fo的比值减小,25 μmol·L-1 SNP明显缓解Pb2+胁迫对种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制作用,提高Pb2+胁迫下叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量及Fv/FmFv/Fo的比值,而100 μmol·L-1SNP无明显缓解作用。此外,25和100 μmol·L-1SNP诱导Pb2+胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增强和可溶性蛋白含量增多,但100 μmol·L-1SNP处理降低了过氧化物酶(POD)活性。结果说明,外源NO促进Pb2+胁迫下小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长,提高叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量,诱导CAT活性升高,从而增强小麦对Pb2+胁迫的适应性。  相似文献   

6.
Shaping the calcium signature   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
  相似文献   

7.
陈娇娆  续旭  胡章立  杨爽 《植物研究》2022,42(4):713-720
盐胁迫对植物的生长和发育造成严重影响,其危害包括渗透胁迫、离子毒害等,严重损害了农业生产和粮食安全。在盐胁迫下,植物相关感受器接受刺激,使得Ca2+通过细胞膜以及细胞内钙库膜上打开的Ca2+通道进入细胞质基质,导致细胞质内Ca2+浓度升高,产生钙信号。钙离子作为重要的第二信使,在植物细胞内和细胞间传递信号,信号往下游传递,在不同生长和发育阶段引起植物一系列的生理响应来应对盐胁迫影响。钙信号主要通过钙调蛋白(CaM)、钙调素样蛋白(CML)、钙依赖性蛋白激酶(CDPK)、钙调磷酸酶B样蛋白(CBL)和CBL互作蛋白激酶(CIPK)感知并将特异的钙信号信息传递到下游;从而激活植物盐胁迫生理响应。本文主要综述植物如何感知盐胁迫刺激,以及钙信号产生与传导机制,并对该研究领域需解决的问题进行了展望。  相似文献   

8.
    
Stomatal closure in response to abscisic acid depends on mechanisms that are mediated by intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i), and also on mechanisms that are independent of [Ca2+]i in guard cells. In this study, we addressed three important questions with respect to these two predicted pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. (i) How large is the relative abscisic acid (ABA)‐induced stomatal closure response in the [Ca2+]i‐elevation‐independent pathway? (ii) How do ABA‐insensitive mutants affect the [Ca2+]i‐elevation‐independent pathway? (iii) Does ABA enhance (prime) the Ca2+ sensitivity of anion and inward‐rectifying K+ channel regulation? We monitored stomatal responses to ABA while experimentally inhibiting [Ca2+]i elevations and clamping [Ca2+]i to resting levels. The absence of [Ca2+]i elevations was confirmed by ratiometric [Ca2+]i imaging experiments. ABA‐induced stomatal closure in the absence of [Ca2+]i elevations above the physiological resting [Ca2+]i showed only approximately 30% of the normal stomatal closure response, and was greatly slowed compared to the response in the presence of [Ca2+]i elevations. The ABA‐insensitive mutants ost1‐2, abi2‐1 and gca2 showed partial stomatal closure responses that correlate with [Ca2+]i‐dependent ABA signaling. Interestingly, patch‐clamp experiments showed that exposure of guard cells to ABA greatly enhances the ability of cytosolic Ca2+ to activate S‐type anion channels and down‐regulate inward‐rectifying K+ channels, providing strong evidence for a Ca2+ sensitivity priming hypothesis. The present study demonstrates and quantifies an attenuated and slowed ABA response when [Ca2+]i elevations are directly inhibited in guard cells. A minimal model is discussed, in which ABA enhances (primes) the [Ca2+]i sensitivity of stomatal closure mechanisms.  相似文献   

9.
    
The correct spatial and temporal control of Ca2+ signaling is essential for such cellular activities as fertilization, secretion, motility, and cell division. There has been a long-standing interest in the role of caveolae in regulating intracellular Ca2+ concentration. In this review we provide an updated view of how caveolae may regulate both Ca2+ entry into cells and Ca2+-dependent signal transduction  相似文献   

10.
植物钙信号系统与体细胞胚发生   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
施小龙  邢更妹  汪丽虹  王亚馥 《生命科学》2002,14(5):302-304,271
植物细胞离体培养中的体细胞胚发生受多种内外因素的调控,其中激素对细胞分化,发育和形态建成起着关键的作用。大量研究表明,在激素的作用过程中,Ca^2 信号系统可能是重要的介导者之一。Ca^2 和CaM在植物合子胚和体细胞胚发生中都具有重要作用,其作用机理可能是植物激素通过Ca^2 第二信号系统直接或间接地调控基因表达而实现的。  相似文献   

11.
    
Danilo Guerini 《Biometals》1998,11(4):319-330
The Ca 2+ ATPases or Ca 2+ pumps transport Ca 2+ ions out of the cytosol, by using the energy stored in ATP. The Na + / Ca 2+ exchanger uses the chemical energy of the Na + gradient (the Na + concentration is much higher outside than inside the cell) to remove Ca 2+ from the cytosol. Ca 2+ pumps are found in the plasma membrane and in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cells. The pumps are probably present in the membrane of other organelles, but little experimental information is available on this matter. The Na + / Ca 2+ exchangers are located on the plasma membrane. A Na + / Ca 2+ exchanger was found in the mitochondria, but very little is known on its structure and sequence. These transporters control the Ca 2+ concentration in the cytosol and are vital to prevent Ca 2+ overload of the cells. Their activity is controlled by different mechanisms, that are still under investigation. A number of the possible isoforms for both types of proteins has been detected.© Kluwer Academic Publishers  相似文献   

12.
13.
Calcium in fungi   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Abstract. Recently much experimental evidence has accumulated concerning intracellular calcium and its fundamental role as a regulator in eukaryotic cells. The literature relating to Ca2+ in fungi is large and diverse and this paper draws together the available information and discusses the particular functions of the ion in this group of organisms.
Uptake mechanisms in fungi are considered with special reference to the effect of Ca2+ on permeability and the systems responsible for transport of ions, sugars and amino acids. Discussion of the subcellular locations and distribution of Ca2+ is accompanied by a critique of methodology used in determination of subcellular sites of Ca2+ in fungi. The role of Ca2+ in morphogenesis in fungi is considered with particular reference to selected groups.  相似文献   

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