分离弱硅化化石苔虫材料的酸处理方法

文中介绍一种处理具弱硅化化石的碳酸盐岩的酸处理方法。以湖北松滋市刘家场洈水镇响水洞剖面下奥陶统南津关组底部生屑灰岩为实验对象,通过对醋酸浓度(1%)、酸泡与清洗流程(静水条件下早晚两次/天)等实验条件的优化与控制,可从碳酸盐岩中得到保存非常精美的、弱硅化的苔虫化石。这种新方法的应用可为深入探索苔藓动物的起源与早期演化提供重要的实证材料。     

广西合山晚二叠世腕足类的两个新属

广西来宾县合山马滩,上二叠统合山组剖面完整,腕足类化石丰富.经酸蚀处理后,常可获得十分完美的硅化标本.本文描述的新属 Schizopleuronia gen nov. 和 Matanoleptodus gen. nov., 均产于合山组中部厚约15米的薄层硅质灰岩.这套硅质灰岩,除含近20种腕足类     

微生物硅化作用模拟实验

硅化保存微体化石结构的识别和鉴定一直存在争议,现代人工模拟生物硅化实验有助于对硅化作用保真度(silicification fidelity)等问题的理解。本实验通过人工配置浓度为1000ppm的硅溶液模拟自然硅化环境,观察杆状细菌(bacillus)在该环境中的早期硅化作用。实验发现这种细菌可以在该硅化环境中快速硅化,并较好地保存其形态。硅化细菌表面硅质微颗粒(nano-spheres)沉积明显分两层,紧密规则的内层硅质微颗粒较好地保存了细菌表面结构,外层硅质微颗粒仅保存细菌轮廓。实验结果期望能为硅质细菌类微体化石的鉴别提供有益参考,并为其成因探讨提供更多实证依据。     

广西合山晚二叠世腕足类的两个新属

广西来宾县合山马滩,上二叠统合山组剖面完整,腕足类化石丰富。经酸蚀处理后,常可获得十分完美的硅化标本。本文描述的新属Schizopleuronia gen nov.和Matanoleptodus gen.nov.,均产于合山组中部厚约15米的薄层硅质灰岩。这套硅质灰岩,除含近20种腕足类(如Tyloplecta yangtzeensis,Haydenella kiangsi-     

安徽巢湖早石炭世侏儒型腕足动物群——兼论巢湖地区的泥盆-石炭系界线

本文研究的腕足类材料采自安徽中部巢湖南岸高林村塘埂(插图1)五通群擂鼓台组上部的一层粉砂质粘土岩中,其下紧伏富含Cyclostigma cf,kiltorkense Haughton等植物化石的地层,向上距离含大量腕足类Eochoristites neipentaiensis Chu,Ptychomaletoechia Kinglingensis(Grabau)等的金陵组灰岩层16.5m。与腕足类共生的还有双壳类、腹足类、介形类以及少量植物化石碎片。所有腕足类化石个体微小,属种单调,但保存尚好,属种组合颇具特色,在确定地层时代、进行地层对比和研究腕足类的古生态方面较有意义。     

氢氟酸浸解法研究华南陡山沱组燧石结核中硅化疑源类初探

华南埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组燧石结核中保存丰富的疑源类化石,对它们的研究一直以岩石切片为手段,这在很大程度上影响到对其三维形态的恢复、系统分类的讨论,以及不同埋藏相下化石组成的对比。本研究尝试用氢氟酸浸解燧石结核来获取立体保存的疑源类标本。本实验使用4%(体积分数)的稀氢氟酸配合20目和400目尼龙筛网,以每2-3小时一次的频率收集酸浸解残余,从来自宜昌地区晓峰河和五指山剖面的陡山沱组二段燧石结核中获得了一些硅质标本,包括立体保存的球状疑源类和疑似化石的片状标本。其中,球状疑源类保存了膜壳塑性变形、膜壳外板片状装饰、内部小球体等结构特征,与从燧石结核岩石薄片中获得的标本和从磷块岩中酸浸解获得的立体磷酸盐化标本完全可以对比;它们的保存状态显示多数标本为疑源类的硅质铸模。本研究表明,作为岩石薄片法的重要补充,氢氟酸浸解法在分离和研究埃迪卡拉系燧石中保存的硅化疑源类上有较大潜力。     

现代鱼卵硅酸盐化模拟实验

扬子地台早寒武世和埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱期的地层中发现了大量保存精美的磷酸盐化球状化石,其中一些球状化石为硅化保存,它们为解释早期生命的起源和演化提供了宝贵的素材。在这些球状化石的种属分类和胚胎真伪等方面,不同的研究人员之间还存在较大的分歧。本文通过设计实验,以团头鲂鱼卵为材料,将团头鲂鱼卵注入不同浓度硅酸盐溶液中,观察鱼卵在不同溶液中的保存状态和硅化潜力。研究结果显示:团头鲂鱼卵硅化非常迅速,鱼卵最有利的保存环境是非碱性条件下的还原条件;在同一实验条件下,同一种属,不同形态的鱼卵和鱼卵的不同部分都可以保存下来。上述实验为球状化石的种属分类和真伪鉴定研究提供了有益参考,并为球状化石形成过程的探索提供了线索和思路。     

龙介虫Serpula(多毛类)的摄食适应以及它与刺围脊贝Spinomarginifera的共生关系

多毛类环节动物在现代海洋分布广泛,其中能分泌钙质栖管、虫体营隐居生活的龙介虫科(Serpulidae)的许多属种,经常保存成为化石。笔者在酸蚀处理广西晚二叠世硅化标本时,获得许多Serpulidae科的不同属种,其中以Serpula数量最多,它的栖管常附着于腕足类Spinomarginifera,Leptodus,Orthotetina等属的背壳上。特别有趣的是,在合山组标准地点——来宾县合山马滩,从合山组中部的灰岩中,发现五枚     

新疆若羌地区玛列兹肯群下部Batostoma属的发现

若羌地区玛列兹肯群为一套绿色绢云母绿泥石化砂岩、粉砂岩及泥灰岩,深灰色灰岩、炭质灰岩及结晶灰岩,其下与含叠层石的震旦系白色厚层大理岩平行不整合接触,顶部未见。它自下至上可分为四部分,剖面叙述见刘第墉等文(1984,155页)。苔藓虫Batostoma Hnhongshanense. Ying et Xia sp. nov.和B. altunshanense Ying et Xia sp. nov.产于该群下部的泥质灰岩内。玛列兹肯群下部除含苔藓虫外,共生的化石有腕足类、腹足类、层孔虫和头足类等化石。腕足类有Anchigonites intermedia,Gonam-     

广东合浦早石炭世的几个米氏珊瑚化石

1958年,广东省地质局某煤田勘探队送来一批早石炭世的床板珊瑚化石。这些化石保存极为完好。经鉴定有:Michelinia kwangtungensis Lin(新种)Michelinia dubatolovi Lin(新种)Michelinia hoppuensis Lin(新种)上列三种的标本是采自广东合浦宏德下石炭统维宪阶煤系底部灰黑色泥质灰岩中,与它们一起找到的有数十个维宪期的腕足类化石和数个保存极好之四射珊瑚化石。腕足类经侯鸿飞、常美丽鉴定有:Linoproductus tenuistriatus(Ver.),Echinoconchus elegans     

Separation and simultaneous determination of nalidixic acid, hydroxynalidixic acid and carboxynalidixic acid in serum and urine by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

Separation in capillary electrophoresis is governed by various factors, including buffer type, buffer concentration, pH, temperature, voltage and micelles. Through proper adjustment of these parameters, nalidixic acid and its two major metabolites, 7-hydroxynalidixic and 7-carboxynalidixic, could be separated by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography using an electrophoretic electrolyte consisting of 50 mM borate buffer (pH 9) containing 25 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate and 10% acetonitrile. A linear relationship between concentration and peak area for each compound was obtained in the concentration range 0.15–100 μg ml⁻¹, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 and detection limits in the 0.2–0.7 ng ml⁻¹ range. Intra- and inter-day precision values of about 0.8–1.2% RSD (n=11) and 1.3–2.0% RSD (n=30), respectively, were obtained. The method has been applied to the analysis of nalidixic acid and its two major metabolites in serum and urine with limits of sensitivity lower than 0.8 ng ml⁻¹.     

酚酸类物质对三七幼苗的化感影响

该文研究了不同浓度的阿魏酸、对香豆酸、丁香酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸5种酚酸类物质对三七幼苗生长和生理的影响。结果表明:处理后,三七幼苗的苗高、根长、可溶性蛋白质含量、根系活力、CAT以及POD活性均有所降低。其中,阿魏酸各处理组幼苗的苗高及POD活性均显著降低,50、100 mg·L~(-1)的对香豆酸以及100 mg·L~(-1)的香草酸处理组幼苗苗高也分别比对照显著降低16.19%、16.67%和29.29%;对香豆酸、丁香酸以及对羟基苯甲酸各处理组幼苗根长均显著低于对照;香草酸处理组幼苗的根系活力也显著低于对照,且幼苗的CAT活性在10、50、100 mg·L~(-1)丁香酸、对羟基苯甲酸以及香草酸处理下也达到了显著降低水平。此外,1 mg·L~(-1)阿魏酸以及100 mg·L~(-1)香草酸处理组幼苗的叶绿素含量也均显著降低;中高浓度的阿魏酸、对香豆酸、丁香酸、对羟基苯甲酸增加了三七幼苗的MDA含量,而香草酸在0.1、1、10、100 mg·L~(-1)浓度下显著降低幼苗的MDA含量;丁香酸、香草酸、对羟基苯甲酸以及中高浓度的对香豆酸增加了三七幼苗的SOD活性,且香草酸各处理组均达到了显著性水平。综上结果表明,5种酚酸类物质对三七幼苗均具有一定的化感抑制作用,但各酚酸物质的作用方式及强度并不完全一致,阿魏酸的化感影响较大,这为进一步研究三七的化感自毒作用提供了一定的理论参考。     

Comparative acid stress response of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium after habituation at different pH conditions

AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of habituation at different pH conditions on the acid resistance of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, and to identify potential differences between the adaptive responses of the three pathogens. METHODS: Stationary phase cells of L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, grown in glucose-free media, were exposed to pH 3.5 broth directly or after habituation for 90 min at various pH conditions from 4.0 to 6.0. Survivors at pH 3.5 were determined by plating on tryptic soy agar and incubating at 30 degrees C for 48 h. The kinetics (death rate) of the pathogens at pH 3.5 was calculated by fitting the data to an exponential model. RESULTS: Habituation to acidic environments provided protection of the pathogens against lethal acid conditions. This acid protection, however, was found to be pH dependent. For example, for E. coli O157:H7 an increased acid resistance was observed after habituation at a pH range from 4.0 to 5.5, while the maximum acid tolerance was induced at pH 5.0. Furthermore, the effect of low pH habituation was different among pathogens. For L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, the pH range within which habituation resulted to increased acid resistance was 5.0-6.0, 4.0-5.5 and 4.0-5.0, respectively, while the maximum acid tolerance was induced after habituation at pH 5.5, 5.0 and 4.5, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE: Acid stress conditions are common within current food processing technologies. The information on adaptive responses of L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium after habituation to different pH environments provided in the present study, could lead to a more realistic evaluation of food safety concerns and to a better selection of processes in order to avoid adaptation phenomena and to minimize the potential for food safety risks.     

Triterpene acids from Salvia and Teucrium species

The pentacyclic triterpene acids ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, micromeric acid, maslinic acid and 3-epi-maslinic acid have been isolated from several Salvia and Teucrium species.     

氨基酸分析仪测定饲料添加剂——叶酸的方法

用６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸于１１０℃条件下水解饲料添加剂——叶酸,使之游离出谷氨酸,用氢氧化钠中和调节ｐＨ到２,氨基酸分析仪测定谷氨酸含量,经与标准叶酸水解样品比较,计算出叶酸的纯度。该方法重现性好,变异系数ＣＶ＝０．０８％,平均回收率为９８．３４％,浓度与峰面积呈线性相关,相关系数ｒ＝０．９９８７,可随氨基酸分析同时进行,不需改变任何分析条件。     

Temperature regulates tuber-inducing lipoxygenase-derived metabolites in potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Temperature is one of the major environmental factors affecting potato tuberization. It has been suggested that lipoxygenase (LOX) mediates between temperature and tuber induction. In this study, the contents of the LOX-derived metabolites hydroperoxylinolenic acid (HPOT), jasmonic acid (JA), tuberonic acid (TA) and tuberonic acid glucoside (TAG) were analyzed in leaves of potatoes growing at different temperatures. At low, tuber-inducing temperature, endogenous levels of JA, TA and TAG rise, indicating their crucial role in tuber induction. The concentration of 13(S)-HPOT seems not to be directly affected by temperature. Instead, the molecule has only a short half-life in leaves and is readily metabolized.     

硬枝树花中抑制H_22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的活性成分研究

研究了从硬枝树花中提取得到的4个单体化合物松萝酸(usnic acid)、去甲环萝酸(evernic acid)、巴尔巴地衣酸(barbatic acid)和水杨嗪酸(salazinic acid)对H22荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用,并且对抑瘤率、胸腺指数、脾指数及小鼠白介素-2含量等各个指标的进行检测,以说明此4种化合物对小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制效果。结果表明,松萝酸高、中剂量组,去甲环萝酸高、中剂量组,巴尔巴地衣酸低剂量组,水杨嗪酸高剂量组对小鼠肿瘤有较好的抑制效果,与阴性对照组比较有极显著差异(P0.01),并且这些组的H22荷瘤小鼠血清中白介素-2的含量显著增加,与抑制肿瘤活性具有相关性。