养殖齐口裂腹鱼外周血细胞显微观察

养殖齐口裂腹鱼Schizothorax prenanti外周血经瑞氏染色液染色,可鉴定出红细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、血栓细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞,一些未成熟的红细胞和少量进行无丝分裂的红细胞,未观察到嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞.在外周血中还可观察到3个阶段的嗜中性粒细胞:中性晚幼粒细胞胞体为圆形或近圆形,胞浆呈淡粉红色,量丰富,其中含有较多红色的细小颗粒,胞核呈肾形;中性杆状核粒细胞胞核较中性晚幼粒细胞的凹陷更强,呈S、C等形状;中性分叶核粒细胞占多数,胞体近圆形,核至少分成两叶,多达五或六叶.血栓细胞呈圆形、近圆形、梨形、纺锤形、杆状等多种形态,一个或多个聚集在一起.外周血细胞中,血栓细胞体积最小、数量最多,单核细胞体积最大、数量最少.     

齐口裂腹鱼鳞片发生及覆盖过程研究

观察了实验室养殖条件下齐口裂腹鱼稚鱼鳞片的发生和覆盖过程。结果表明,稚鱼体长为30.732.3 mm时,鳞片最先出现在鳃盖后缘侧线处;体长为45.347.9 mm时,鳞片覆盖完毕,体长和日龄对鳞片覆盖均有显著影响。在鳞片覆盖过程中出现6个鳞片发生起始位置,依次是鳃盖后缘侧线处、尾柄部侧线处、臀鳍基部、腹鳍基部、背鳍基部和峡部。此外,组织切片的观察结果表明,齐口裂腹鱼鳞片发育主要经历了形态发生早期、形态发生晚期、分化早期、分化晚期和折叠期五个阶段。这些研究结果丰富了齐口裂腹鱼早期发育的生物学资料,将有助于了解其在系统学和功能形态学上的特征。       

齐口裂腹鱼消化道粘膜上皮的扫描电镜观察

齐口裂腹鱼消化道粘膜上皮的扫描电镜观察方静,谢林,李逊,周毅（四川农业大学,雅安６２５０１４）关键词齐口裂腹鱼、微脊、微绒毛、杯状细胞、扫描电镜ＳＣＡＮＮＩＮＧＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＮＭＩＣＲＯＳＣＯＰＩＣＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＤＩＧＥＳＴＩＶＥＴＲＡＣＴＯＦＳＣＨ...     

齐口裂腹鱼线粒体DNA控制区结构分析

利用直接测序法对齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)线粒体DNA控制区进行了测序,并对其序列结构进行了分析.结果表明,齐口裂腹鱼线粒体控制区碱基组成中碱基A和T的含A明显高于G和C的含量,所有类型碱基组成中碱基G的含量最低,这与其他硬骨鱼类控制区碱基组成一致.通过与哺乳类和鲤形目鱼类控制区序列进行对...     

齐口裂腹鱼味苗及上皮细胞的扫描电镜观察

本文报道扫描电镜对齐口裂腹鱼的味蕾在须、口咽腔、食道的分布和表面形态的观察。结果表明在须、辰、颌、口腔顶壁 、咽、舌、食道均有味蕾分布,且在表面形态上呈现多态性。上皮细胞表面有微脊。     

镉对齐口裂腹鱼抗氧化性能的影响

为探究镉对齐口裂腹鱼抗氧化性能的影响,将受试鱼随机分为4组,即对照组(水体Cd浓度为0 mg·L^-1)、Cd处理低浓度组(0.05 mg·L^-1Cd)、中浓度组(0.1 mg·L^-1Cd)、高浓度组(0.25 mg·L^-1Cd),并饲喂14 d,测定各组受试鱼肝胰脏、血清中抗氧化指标和生化指标。结果表明:在肝胰脏中,与对照组相比,各浓度Cd处理组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加,而碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著下降(P<0.05),低浓度组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)、甘油三酯(TG)的含量显著下降(P<0.05),中浓度组SOD、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活性和TG、一氧化氮(NO)、总胆固醇(TC)的含量显著增加,GSH-Px的活性显著下降(P<0.05),高浓度组ALT、ACP的活性和NO、TC的含量显著增加,SOD、AST的活性和GSH的含量显著下降(P<0.05)。在血清中,...     

齐口裂腹鱼味蕾及上皮细胞的扫描电镜观察

本文报道扫描电镜对齐口裂腹鱼的味蕾在须、口咽腔、食道的分布和表面形态的观察。结果表明在须、唇、颌、口腔顶壁、咽、舌、食道均有味蕾分布,且在表面形态上呈现多态性。上皮细胞表面有微脊。     

齐口裂腹鱼鳞片发生及覆盖过程研究简

观察了实验室养殖条件下齐口裂腹鱼稚鱼鳞片的发生和覆盖过程。结果表明,稚鱼体长为30.7—32.3 mm时,鳞片最先出现在鳃盖后缘侧线处;体长为45.3—47.9 mm时,鳞片覆盖完毕,体长和日龄对鳞片覆盖均有显著影响。在鳞片覆盖过程中出现6个鳞片发生起始位置,依次是鳃盖后缘侧线处、尾柄部侧线处、臀鳍基部、腹鳍基部、背鳍基部和峡部。此外,组织切片的观察结果表明,齐口裂腹鱼鳞片发育主要经历了形态发生早期、形态发生晚期、分化早期、分化晚期和折叠期五个阶段。这些研究结果丰富了齐口裂腹鱼早期发育的生物学资料,将有助于了解其在系统学和功能形态学上的特征。     

生长抑素在齐口裂腹鱼消化道和脑中的定位

采用链霉亲合素一生物素过氧化物酶复合物免疫组化法研究生长抑素（Somatostatin,Som）在齐口裂腹鱼（Schizothorax prenanti）脑和消化道中的定位。在消化道中,口咽腔和食道为阴性反应;肠道有Som强阳性细胞,其中前肠密度最高,后肠最低。这些Som阳性细胞多分布于粘膜上皮,形态多样。肠道巨噬细胞呈Som强阳性反应。Som广泛分布于各脑区的神经元或神经纤维中,呈弱或强阳性反应,其中下丘脑下叶乳头体内Som阳性细胞密度最高,背嗅核、侧嗅核、原始纹体、视前核、内嗅沟旁、缰核下区、前丘脑核、前圆核、下丘脑中叶、下丘脑下叶、中脑室侧次之;小脑分子层和延脑VI、V核较少。端极和脑上腺有阳性神经纤维。这说明Som在肠道中的分布与该鱼食性、消化道结构和功能密切相关;Som在下丘脑中的分布特点为鱼类GH调控提供了形态学证据;Som在脑中广泛分布,提示可能作为一种神经递质或调质,发挥更为广泛的生理功能。     

齐口裂腹鱼耳石早期生长发育与日轮特征研究

文章研究了在实验室条件下齐口裂腹鱼仔稚鱼耳石早期形态发育与生长特点、第一轮纹出现时间和轮纹沉积规律。结果表明: 在13.5-17.2℃孵化条件下,微耳石和矢耳石在出膜前形成,而星耳石于出膜后第12天出现。在仔稚鱼生长过程中,微耳石由近圆形发育成贻贝形,矢耳石经历近圆形、锲形后发育为箭矢状,星耳石形状由近圆形发育为星芒状。微耳石的前区、背区和腹区及矢耳石的背区和腹区生长呈幂函数关系,而微耳石的后区、矢耳石前区和后区生长以及两对耳石的前后区半径之和与全长均呈线性相关。在(18.50.5)℃和(15.61.1)℃条件下,50%矢耳石样本第一轮纹均在出膜后第 2 天形成(分别为出膜后18h和19h),以后每天形成一轮。微耳石和矢耳石轮纹数均与日龄呈线性相关,方程斜率均与1差异不显著(P0.05),表明两对耳石的轮纹沉积均为日周期性。这些结果为研究齐口裂腹鱼野生种群繁殖期和早期生活史特征等生态学问题提供了重要依据。     

齐口裂腹鱼和鲤鱼H-FABP基因的克隆及其表达谱

心型脂肪酸结合蛋白（heart fatty acid binding protein, H-FABP）的水平与影响肉质性状的肌内脂肪含量有关,鱼类H-FABP的表达水平对其肌内脂肪含量是否相关仍未见报道.本研究获得齐口裂腹鱼和鲤鱼心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白基因序列,利用半定量RT-PCR分析其表达特性并测定肌内脂肪含量,比较H-FABP基因在不同生活环境的2种鲤科鱼肌内脂肪沉积中的作用.结果显示,齐口裂腹鱼和鲤鱼H-FABP基因的ORF为402 bp,编码133个氨基酸,它们的氨基酸序列相同,与人、猪、小鼠、斑马鱼、大西洋鲑、虹鳟等的同源性为71.3%~ 90%;H-FABP基因在2种鲤科鱼的心、肌肉、脂肪、肝、脑、脾、肾和鳃等组织中均有表达,肝中的表达量显著高于其它组织（P<0.05）,H-FABP基因的肌肉表达谱在齐口裂腹鱼和鲤鱼中存在明显差异：齐口裂腹鱼中的表达随生长发育呈上升趋势,在大体重鱼（500 g）中的表达显著高于小体重鱼（P<0.05),其表达与肌内脂肪含量呈显著正相关（R=0.370,P<0.05）;H-FABP基因在鲤鱼生长发育中呈下降趋势,而小体重鱼（50~60 g）中的表达显著高于其它大体重鱼(P<0.05),其表达与肌内脂肪含量呈显著负相关（R=-7.083,P<0.01）.据此推测,齐口裂腹鱼和鲤鱼肌肉组织H-FABP基因表达与肌内脂肪关联性的差异可能与2种鱼的生活环境不同有关.     

Polyamines and Morphogenesis - Effects of Methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone)

The effects of methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis were studied on tuberization and cellular polyamine content using in vitro Solanum tuberosum (cv Binjte) plants. When MGBG was added to the culture medium, it produced a partial inhibition of the growth of stems and leaves; it totally blocked rhizogenesis and strongly stimulated tuber formation. Morphogenetic effects of MGBG were correlated to a 40 % decrease in free putrescine, spermidine, spermine content of the leaves and to a 28 % decrease in spermidine titer of the stems. In the tubers, this inhibitor did not change the free polyamine titer but increased by up to 85 % the titer of conjugated putrescine, spermidine, spermine. When the plants were grown in the dark, MGBG produced, like benzyladenine, a stimulation of the rate of tuberization and enhanced the content of conjugated polyamines in the tuber. These results support the hypothesis that polyamines play an important role in the morphogenesis of potato plants. The role of polyamine conjugation in tuber development is discussed.     

MEK- 6318K 型血液分析仪对黄疸型肝病患者白细胞的检测

目的：探讨使用MEK-6318K血细胞分析仪时升高的胆红素对黄疸型肝病患者的白细胞结果影响程度及检测失败的原因,并提出解决方法。方法：对60例黄疸型肝病患者的标本分成两组：总胆红素在20—100umol／L范围30例,在100．1—250umol／L范围30例。均使用EDFA—K2抗凝真空采集病人静脉血2ml,分别用MEK-6318K血细胞分析仪和手工操作方法对同一标本进行血液细胞的分析测定。结果：总胆红素在20—100umol／L范围内30例患者的标本,两种方法测定白细胞结果经统计学处理P〉0．05无显著性差别;总胆红素在100．1—250umol／L范围内30例患者的标本,两种方法测定白细胞结果,经统计学处理P〈0．001有极显著性差别。结论：在使用MEK-6318K血细胞分析仪检测高黄疽标本时一定要注意白细胞结果,对报警标本,可以采用静脉血10ul测定模式,但最好采用手工操作来检测标本,这样才能为临床提供更准确结果。     

Gene-Environment Interactions Target Mitogen-activated Protein 3 Kinase 1 (MAP3K1) Signaling in Eyelid Morphogenesis

Gene-environment interactions determine the biological outcomes through mechanisms that are poorly understood. Mouse embryonic eyelid closure is a well defined model to study the genetic control of developmental programs. Using this model, we investigated how exposure to dioxin-like environmental pollutants modifies the genetic risk of developmental abnormalities. Our studies reveal that mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase 1 (MAP3K1) signaling is a focal point of gene-environment cross-talk. Dioxin exposure, acting through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), blocked eyelid closure in genetic mutants in which MAP3K1 signaling was attenuated but did not disturb this developmental program in either wild type or mutant mice with attenuated epidermal growth factor receptor or WNT signaling. Exposure also markedly inhibited c-Jun phosphorylation in Map3k1^+/− embryonic eyelid epithelium, suggesting that dioxin-induced AHR pathways can synergize with gene mutations to inhibit MAP3K1 signaling. Our studies uncover a novel mechanism through which the dioxin-AHR axis interacts with the MAP3K1 signaling pathways during fetal development and provide strong empirical evidence that specific gene alterations can increase the risk of developmental abnormalities driven by environmental pollutant exposure.     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒在CIK细胞中复制及形态发生的研究

以草鱼呼肠孤病毒（ＧＣＲＶ）感染的草鱼肾细胞系（ＣＩＫ）为模型,进行了草鱼呼肠孤病毒在细胞内的形态发生的研究。当病毒以感染复数为５￣１０ＰＦＵ／ＣＥＬＬ感染ＣＩＫ细胞时,在病毒感染细胞４ｈ以内的切片中,可观察到脱去部分外层衣壳的不完整病毒颗粒。感染细胞８ｈ,可观察到浆胞内病毒发生基质,其内含有大量的直径约５０ｎｍ的亚病毒颗粒,无外层蛋白结构。感染１２￣１６ｈ后,这些亚病毒颗粒装配上外层蛋白结构,形     

Daily rhythms of locomotor and demand-feeding activities in Schizothorax pelzami (Kessler, 1870)

A study was carried out to investigate the daily rhythms of locomotor and feeding activity of Khajoo, Schizothorax pelzami, a candidate species for freshwater aquaculture. Using self-feeder juvenile Khajoo were exposed to a 12/12 LD cycle to determine the rhythms of locomotor and feeding activity. The effects of feeding on locomotor and feeding activity of fish were also examined. Finally, the endogenous rhythmicity under different lighting condition tested. Fish displayed a strictly diurnal feeding and locomotor activities with 98% and 84% of the total activity occurred in the photophase, respectively. In scheduled feeding, both the L-group (fed in light) and the D-group (fed in the dark) showed a diurnal locomotor activity pattern. However, the L-group had a peak of locomotor activity near the feeding time, but the D-group had a scarce locomotor activity in the scatophase with no significant change at the mealtime. Most of the individuals display free-running rhythms when exposed to different lighting condition including, constant darkness, ultradian 45:45 min LD cycle and reversed DL photo cycle. Taken together the results of this study showed that both locomotor and feeding activity have diurnal rhythms in Khajoo S. pelzami, even fish feeding had taken place at night. Additionally, the free-running locomotor activity of the fish in the absence of external light stimuli, suggests the existence of an endogenous timing mechanism in this fish species.     

Molecular Cloning and Expression Profile of Toll-Like Receptor 3 from an Indian Coldwater Fish,Schizothorax richardsonii(Gray)

The innate immune system recognizes pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the most important PRRs. TLR3 is a unique member of TLR family that recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a viral replication intermediate. There is a variation in its response among diverse fish species toward the same stimulants. We identified and cloned TLR3 from Indian snow trout, Schizothorax richardsonii and carried out its expression analysis in un-induced and poly (I:C) challenged fish. It has an open reading frame (ORF) of 2712 bases that encodes a polypeptide of 904?amino acids. The molecular weight of the polypeptide was predicted to be 102.4482?kDa with an isoelectric point of 7.40. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out after 24 hours of poly (I:C) treatment and expression of TLR3 was analyzed in different tissues. As compared with untreated fish the poly (I:C) challenged fish revealed significantly high expression of TLR3 in kidney followed by liver and gills.     

High-throughput,Highly Sensitive Analyses of Bacterial Morphogenesis Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography

The bacterial cell wall is a network of glycan strands cross-linked by short peptides (peptidoglycan); it is responsible for the mechanical integrity of the cell and shape determination. Liquid chromatography can be used to measure the abundance of the muropeptide subunits composing the cell wall. Characteristics such as the degree of cross-linking and average glycan strand length are known to vary across species. However, a systematic comparison among strains of a given species has yet to be undertaken, making it difficult to assess the origins of variability in peptidoglycan composition. We present a protocol for muropeptide analysis using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and demonstrate that UPLC achieves resolution comparable with that of HPLC while requiring orders of magnitude less injection volume and a fraction of the elution time. We also developed a software platform to automate the identification and quantification of chromatographic peaks, which we demonstrate has improved accuracy relative to other software. This combined experimental and computational methodology revealed that peptidoglycan composition was approximately maintained across strains from three Gram-negative species despite taxonomical and morphological differences. Peptidoglycan composition and density were maintained after we systematically altered cell size in Escherichia coli using the antibiotic A22, indicating that cell shape is largely decoupled from the biochemistry of peptidoglycan synthesis. High-throughput, sensitive UPLC combined with our automated software for chromatographic analysis will accelerate the discovery of peptidoglycan composition and the molecular mechanisms of cell wall structure determination.