水稻蔗糖转运载体蛋白(OsSUT2)非跨膜区域特征性序列的融合表达及其抗体制备

植物光合作用产生的蔗糖是植物生长发育的主要碳源物质,还是诱导植物生长发育过程中诸多相关基因表达的特异信号分子[1].蔗糖分子在植物器官及组织间的生理分配维持着整个植物体的正常生长发育[2].植物蔗糖转运载体(sucrosetransporter,SUT)是一类担负着蔗糖分子在细胞间的转运及信号转导的功能性蛋白家族,它在蔗糖的韧皮部装载、沿韧皮部的再吸收、韧皮部卸载和向库器官的转运等跨膜运输以及蔗糖特异信号感应过程中发挥着重要的生理功能[3～5].植物蔗糖转运载体蛋白分布于植物细胞质膜上,该转运载体蛋白含有12个疏水性跨膜结构域,在其氨…     

cAMP对转化细胞中几种基因表达及CREB DNA结合活性的影响

 从癌基因、抑癌基因及转录因子 CREB(c AMP反应序列结合蛋白 )对 CRE DNA序列结合活性的相关性 ,对 db- c AMP处理的小鼠 C3H10 T1 /2转化细胞增殖抑制作用进行了研究 .实验结果表明 ,转化细胞中 PKA(蛋白激酶 A)活性显著低于正常细胞 ,而 PKC(蛋白激酶 C)活性则显著高于正常细胞 .斑点印迹和 Northern印迹分析显示转化细胞中 c- myc和 Ca M(钙调素 )基因表达明显高于正常细胞 ,而 p53基因和 Rb基因表达则明显低于正常细胞 ,这些差别与 C3H10 T1/ 2 转化细胞增殖失控有关 .转化细胞经 db- c AMP(1 mmol/L)处理后 ,细胞增殖受到明显抑制 ,db- c AMP处理0 .5h后 ,转化细胞中 PKA活性便明显增强 ,PKC活性则被显著抑制 ,处理 2 h后 ,c- myc和 Ca M基因表达下降 ,而 p53和 Rb基因表达则增强 ,这些变化与 c AMP抑制 C3H10 T1/ 2 转化细胞增殖有密切联系 .凝胶阻滞电泳分析显示 db- c AMP(1 mmol/L )处理短时间内 ,CREB对 CRE DNA序列无结合活性 ,1 2 h后开始出现较弱的结合活性 ,2 4 h后才明显加强 ,表明在 db- c AMP处理的早期 ,调控区中含有 CRE序列的基因不参与 db- c AMP对细胞增殖抑制的调节 ,即与 CREB磷酸化及其相应的 DNA结合活性无相关性 .     

Ca2+-Dependent, ATP-Induced Conversion of the [3H]Hemicholinium-3 Binding Sites from High- to Low-Affinity States in Rat Striatum: Effect of Protein Kinase Inhibitors on This Affinity Conversion and Synaptosomal Choline Transport

Tritium-labeled hemicholinium-3 ([3H]HC-3) was used to characterize the sodium-dependent high-affinity choline carrier sites in rat striatal preparations. In an earlier study, we had shown that [3H]HC-3 labels choline carrier sites with high and low affinities and had suggested that the low-affinity sites represent "functional" carrier sites. The objective of the present study was to examine the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the two affinity states of [3H]HC-3 binding. Here, we demonstrate that these two affinity states are totally interconvertible; addition of 0.1 mM ATP in the binding assay medium quantitatively converted all the binding sites to the low-affinity state, whereas addition of 1 mM beta,gamma-methylene 5'-ATP quantitatively converted all the binding sites to the high-affinity state. Preincubation of the tissue (for 15 min at 37 degrees C) before the binding assay also converted the binding sites to the high-affinity state, whereas supplementation of the assay medium with ATP (0.5 mM) again induced expression of the low-affinity state of the binding sites. This effect of ATP was found to be selective for this nucleotide. Neither ADP (1 mM) nor cyclic AMP could mimic such an effect. Other nucleotide triphosphates--CTP (0.5 mM) and GTP (0.5 mM)--also could not substitute for ATP. GTP, however, caused nearly a 35% reduction in the number of binding sites, accompanying a loss of the low-affinity component of binding. This effect of GTP was also shared by 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate but not by GDP or cyclic GMP. This ATP-dependent low-affinity conversion of [3H]HC-3 binding sites requires divalent metal ions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Thermodynamic Analysis of the Binding of 2F5 (Fab and Immunoglobulin G Forms) to Its gp41 Epitope Reveals a Strong Influence of the Immunoglobulin Fc Region on Affinity

Immunotherapies and vaccines based on the induction of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) have become outstanding strategies against HIV-1. Diverse bNAbs recognizing different regions of the HIV-1 envelope have been identified and extensively studied. However, there is little information about the thermodynamics of binding of these bNAbs and their epitopes. We used isothermal titration calorimetry to characterize thermodynamically the interactions between bNAb 2F5 (in both the IgG and Fab forms) and its functional and core epitope peptides. We found that these interactions are enthalpically driven and opposed by a negative entropy change. The highest affinity was found for 2F5 IgG for its functional epitope, indicating that additional interactions involving residues flanking the core epitope contribute strongly to higher affinity. In addition, the strong influence of the Fc region on the binding affinity suggests long-range allosteric effects within IgG. Our results provide useful information for developing new therapeutics against HIV-1 and, in a broader scope, contribute to a better understanding of antigen-antibody recognition.     

[3H]8-Hydroxy-2-(Di-n-Propylamino)Tetralin Binding to Pre- and Postsynaptic 5-Hydroxytryptamine Sites in Various Regions of the Rat Brain

The specific binding of [3H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin ([ 3H]8-OH-DPAT) to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-related sites was investigated in several regions of the rat brain. Marked differences were observed in the characteristics of binding to membranes from hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex. Hippocampal sites exhibited the highest affinity (KD approximately 2 nM) followed by the cerebral cortex (KD approximately 6 nM) and the striatum (KD approximately 10 nM). Ascorbic acid inhibited specific [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding in all three regions but millimolar concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ enhanced specific binding to hippocampal membranes, whereas only Mn2+ increased it in the cerebral cortex and all three cations inhibited specific binding to striatal membranes. Guanine nucleotides (0.1 mM GDP, GTP) inhibited binding to hippocampal and cortical membranes only. As intracerebral 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine markedly decreased [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding sites in the striatum, but not in the hippocampus, the striatal sites appear to be on serotoninergic afferent fibers. In contrast, in the hippocampus the sites appear to be on postsynaptic 5-HT target cells, as local injection of kainic acid decreased their density. Both types of sites appear to be present in the cerebral cortex. The postsynaptic hippocampal [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding sites are probably identical to the 5-HT1A subsites, but the relationship between the presynaptic binding sites and the presynaptic autoreceptors controlling 5-HT release deserves further investigation.