生物产业知识产权战略

自从我国把建设创新型国家作为发展目标之后，生物产业在国民经济、科研等领域的重要性日益增加，国家发展和改革委员会将生物产业列为当前优先发展的高技术产业化重点领域之一，并且已经认定了12个国家生物产业基地；包括这些生物产业基地所在地在内的许多地区也把生物产业作为其重点产业或支柱产业，科技，经济等各界人士对生物产业的未来也寄予了很大希望。     

生物信息数据库知识产权保护初探

生物信息技术是当今生命科学乃至整个自然科学的重大前沿领域之一,生物信息数据库是生物信息技术中非常重要的部分,对生命科学的发展起着重要的推动作用。本文叙述了生物信息数据库的特点及国内外知识产权保护现状,初步讨论了生物信息数据库知识产权保护中存在的问题,提出了保护我国生物信息数据库的建议。     

卫生知识产权人才培养机制与培训体系构建

目的 通过分析现有的知识产权人才培养相关文献了解现状,为构建卫生知识产权人才培养机制与培训体系提供参考意见。方法 制定检索词及检索策略,共检索相关文献90篇,根据已定文献纳入及排除标准,最终纳入文献7篇,最终纳入分析7篇。结果 我国知识产权人才培养取得了很大的进步,但卫生知识产权人才培养机制与培养体系仍不够完善,存在人才培养意识不够、人才结构不合理、师资力量不足等问题。结论 建立医学院校、医院、卫生专利代理机构共同合作的卫生知识产权人才培养体系,构建卫生知识产权人才库,设置高端卫生知识产权人才培养计划。     

生物产业在长春的集聚与发展

作为中国生物医药业发源地之一长春．同时也是中国生物技术相关领域科研、人才和产业相对集中的地区．具有较好的发展基础和环境,具备建设国家生物产业基地的条件。是国家首批认定的国家级生物高技术产业基地之一。江泽民、胡锦涛等党和国家领导人先后视察过长春生物医药企业并题词鼓励。国家生物产业基地评估组对长春基地的总体评价是：“有坚实的研发基础、雄厚的人才储备、蓬勃发展的产业、众多的产品、丰富的原料资源,长春已经形成了一个实际意义上的生物医药产业基地”。     

转基因生物技术的知识产权保护

转基因生物技术是现代农业生物技术的重要着力点,其自研发以来不断发展,已在多种作物上成功应用,且培育品种日趋多样化。转基因作物种植面积急剧增加,种植国家也逐年增多。目前转基因生物技术水平较高的国家,其知识产权保护水平也往往较高。而我国转基因植物、动物和其他微生物材料,无法通过我国现行的《专利法》、《植物新品种保护条例》获得有效保护,阻挠了转基因生物技术创新发展,更影响到整个国家的粮食安全和农业安全。     

生物技术产业的知识产权保护和管理

知识产权是一种重要的财产权,它对于一个国家的经济发展和产业进步有着举足轻重的作用。本文探讨了生物技术产业可能涉及的知识产权保护,并着重讨论了其中的专利保护问题,在分析了我国生物技术产业发展知识产权保护的不足之后,指出应加强生物技术产业的知识产权保护意义,健全相应的管理体系,以充分做好生物技术产业的知识产权保护和管理工作,推动我国生物技术产业的健康发展。     

中国生物医药R&D的现状分析与建议

就当前制约我国生物医药发展的影响因素进行了全面、细致地分析,并相应地对下一步生物医药R&D的发展提出设想.     

农业生物技术知识产权保护和对策

农业科技成果知识产权是公民、法人、非法人单位对自己在农业科学技术领域创造的农业技术成果依法享有的专有权利。它是知识产权的派生产权,其内容随着科技的发展而不断充实、完善。农业科技成果知识产权既包含了财产权利,又包含了精神权利,其作为商品经济和科学技术发展的产物,随着市场经济的发展和经济科技全球化的趋势,地位越来越重要。农业知识产权与当代国际政治,特别是经济贸易关系日益密切,一些发达国家已经将农业知识产权保护作为实施外交政策的一种手段．     

快速发展的江西生物产业——南昌国家生物产业基地

1发展基础 “十五”以来,江西生物产业进入一个新的发展时期．2008年,具有一定规模的生物产业企业300余家,年销售收入超过350亿元人民币,比上年增长25％,其中生物医药销售收入200亿元人民币以上,增长近30％。生物产业已形成了以生物医药为主导．生物制造、生物农业共同发展的局面．在现代中药、生物医学工程等领域处于国内先进地位。目前,全国中医药企业50强中,江西省有5家,其中4家位居前20名。     

遗传资源获取和利益分享与知识产权保护

随着人类对遗传资源开发利用程度的加剧、物种资源不断减少以及国际交流合作的日益频繁,遗传资源获取和利益分享中的知识产权问题日益受到国际社会的关注。为了保护和持续利用遗传资源,本文根据《生物多样性公约》第15条的规定,以及国际社会在遗传资源获取和利益分享方面的做法,分析了我国遗传资源保护和利用以及知识产权保护的现状,提出建立和完善保护遗传资源知识产权的专利制度,遗传资源的管理制度以及遗传资源保护和利用的市场化机制等管理措施,最后,对中国和阿根廷NIDERA公司在大豆遗传资源交换,合作研究和利益分享的案例进行了分析。     

生物制药的现状和未来（二）：发展趋势与希望

随着基因组和蛋白质组研究的深入,越来越多的与人类疾病发展相关的靶标被确定,使得我们能够研发更精确的药物来防治这些疾病。这意味着生物制药将有更多机会获得突破性进展,最终将使更多更好的生物技术药物被批准上市。综述了生物制药发展的几个趋势,主要有:(1)哺乳动物细胞表达的产品将在相当长的时间内占统治地位;(2)治疗性抗体将会是生物制药领域第二次创新高潮;(3)越来越多分子量大、结构复杂的功能蛋白将被开发成生物技术药物,尤其是用于治疗遗传性疾病的药物;(4)对已批准上市的生物技术药物的化学修饰尤其是PEG化以改善药物性能;(5)通过某些药物的定点突变获得第二代新生物技术药物,如胰岛素、EPO和t-PA的突变体;(6)组织工程、细胞治疗和基因治疗充满了机遇和挑战。     

Intellectual property law: a primer for scientists

“Intellectual property” (IP) is a generic legal term for patents, copyrights, and trademarks, which provide legal rights to protect ideas, the expression of ideas, and the inventors and creators of such ideas. A patent provides legal protection for a new invention, an application of a new idea, discovery, or concept that is useful. Copyright provides legal protection from copying for any creative work, as well as business and scientific publications, computer software, and compilations of information. A trademark provides rights to use symbols, particular words, logos, or other markings that indicate the source of a product or service. A further method of benefiting from an invention is simply to keep it secret, rather than to disclose it—a “trade secret.” IP impinges on almost everything scientists do. As scientists are paid to come up with ideas and aspire to patent and/or publish their work, the protection of ideas and of written works especially should be of interest and concern to all.     

Intellectual property, genetically modified crops and bioethics

The implementation of a new technology is almost always surrounded by a debate on the moral and social implications that may arise. The debate with regard to genetically modified (GM) crops has been one of the longest and most controversial. However, one area of the debate that receives less attention is the role that intellectual property can play. The introduction of an effective and yet appropriate intellectual property system addressing society's particular needs can eliminate some of these issues. This paper looks at whether the situation in Europe is meeting our current needs and also addresses the role intellectual property can play in the debate over the introduction of GM crops in developing countries.     

基于全流程的医院科研项目知识产权管理模式研究

高等医学院校附属医院在实施国家创新战略中具有举足轻重的作用。以科研项目生命周期为切入点,运用概念性决策模型,构建基于全流程的医院科研项目知识产权管理模式,提升医院知识产权管理能力,推动医学科研成果转化。     

Using cell engineering and omic tools for the improvement of cell culture processes

Significant strides have been made in mammalian cell based biopharmaceutical process and cell line development over the past years. With several established mammalian host cell lines and expression systems, optimization of selection systems to reduce development times and improvement of glycosylation patterns are only some of the advances being made to improve cell culture processes. In this article, the advances pertaining to cell line development and cell engineering strategies are discussed. An overview of the cell engineering strategies to enhance cellular characteristics by genetic manipulation are illustrated, focusing on the use of genomics and proteomics tools and their application in such endeavors. Included in this review are some of the early studies using the ‘omic’ technique to understand cellular mechanisms of product synthesis and secretion, apoptosis, cell proliferation and the influence of the physicochemical environment. The article highlights the significance of integrating genomics and proteomics data with the vast amounts of bioprocess data for improved analysis of the biological pathways involved. Further improvements of the techniques and methodologies used are needed but ultimately, the new cell engineering strategies should provide great insight into the regulatory networks within the cell in a bioprocess environment and how to manipulate them to increase overall productivity.     

杂交水稻国际推广的现状与策略

杂交水稻是我国独创的一项重大农业科技成果.概述了杂交水稻国际推广的现状,分析了杂交水稻国际推广的前景,指出了在杂交水稻国际推广中存在的主要问题和制约因素,并提出了加快杂交水稻国际推广的策略.     

生物技术知识产权的类型及其应用

全面地综述了各种类型的生物技术知识产权,包括专利、著作权、商标、技术秘密和技术标准等,以及与生物技术密切相关的行业性知识产权,如植物保护品种、新药保护等;同时对不同类型、特点、用途的知识产权进行了比较,期望对医药、工业、农业等生物技术研发机构合理地应用各种知识产权有帮助.     

Appropriation and commercialization of the Pasteur anthrax vaccine

Whereas Pasteur patented the biotechnological processes that he invented between 1857 and 1873 in the agro-food domain, he did not file any patents on the artificial vaccine preparation processes that he subsequently developed. This absence of patents can probably be explained by the 1844 patent law in France that established the non-patentable status of pharmaceutical preparations and remedies, including those for use in veterinary medicine. Despite the absence of patents, the commercial exploitation of the anthrax vaccine in the 1880s and 1890s led to a technical and commercial monopoly by Pasteur's laboratory as well as the founding of a commercial company to diffuse the vaccine abroad. Pasteur repeatedly refused to transfer his know-how and anthrax vaccine production methods to foreign laboratories, on the grounds that he wished to control the quality of the vaccines produced. Indeed, it was relatively difficult to transfer a method that was not yet perfectly stabilized in the early 1880s. Pasteur also wanted to maintain the monopoly of his commercial company and to increase the profits from vaccine sales so that the Institut Pasteur could be financially independent. The 'Pasteur anthrax vaccine' operating licences are described and analysed in detail in this article.