寄甲肿腿蜂属三新种(膜翅目,肿腿蜂科)

记述了我国寄甲肿腿蜂亚科寄甲肿腿蜂属3新种和1新纪录种,新纪录种为采自台湾,裸眼寄甲肿腿蜂Epyris apicalis Smith,1874,新种为横沟寄甲肿腿蜂Epyris transver-sarius sp．nov．,闽寄甲肿腿蜂Epyris fujianensis sp．nov．和长头寄甲肿腿蜂Epyris avatus sp．nov．。编制了中国寄甲肿腿蜂属分种检索表。模式标本保存于浙江大学寄生蜂标本室。     

浙江省棱角肿腿蜂属种类记述（膜翅目：肿腿蜂科：肿腿蜂亚科）

我国已知棱角肿腿蜂属 Goniozus Forster,1 856四种 ,即日本棱角肿腿蜂 G.japonicus Ashmead,1 90 4;中华棱角肿腿蜂 G.sinicus Xiao et Wu,1 987;蓬莱棱角肿腿蜂 G.hoorai Terayama,1 999和八重山棱角肿腿蜂 G.yaeyamanus Terayama,1 999。本文记述浙江省棱角肿腿蜂属 4种 ,其中除日本棱角肿腿蜂 Goniozusjaponicus Ash-mead,1 90 4为已知种外 ,其余 3个为新种 ,即 :萧氏棱角肿腿蜂 Goniozus xiaoi,sp.nov.,百山祖棱角肿腿蜂 Goniozus baishanzuensis,sp.nov.和豆卷螟棱角肿腿蜂 Go-niozus lamprosemae,sp.nov.。这样使中国棱角肿腿蜂属增加到 7种。1 .萧氏棱角肿腿蜂 Goniozus xiaoi,新种 (图 1～ 5)该新种与分布于日本和我国台湾的蓬莱棱角肿腿蜂 G.hoorai Terayama,1 999较相似 ,但新种触角第 2至 5节各节长明显大于宽 ;并胸腹节背表面后缘的横脊不完整 ,仅在并胸腹节的后侧角可见。正模 :♀ ,浙江庆元百山祖 ( 2 7.45°N,1 1 9.1 2°E) ,1 993 - -0 6,吴鸿 ,No.9452 91。副模 :1♀ ,浙江松阳 ( 2 8.2 7°N,1 1 9.2 9°E) ,1 994- -0 7,陈汉林 ,No.948481。2 .百山祖棱角肿腿蜂 Goniozus baishanzuensis,新种 (图 6～ 1 0 )本新种的触角与日本棱角肿腿蜂 Goniozusjaponicus Ashmead,1 90 4的触角     

中国全肿腿蜂属种类记述(膜翅目,肿腿蜂科)

系统研究了我国全肿腿蜂属HolepyrisKieffer,190 4的种类 ,记录 7新种中国 2新纪录种和 1已知种共 10种 ,包括采自山东、浙江、福建、台湾和贵州的热海全肿腿蜂H .atamiensis (Ashmead) ,采自河南的瘦全肿腿蜂H .macilentussp .nov .,采自福建的角唇全肿腿蜂H .angulatussp .nov .,采自山东的黄足全肿腿蜂H .fulvussp .nov .,采自浙江和甘肃的褐足全肿腿蜂H .fuscussp .nov .,采自浙江和福建的惹全肿腿蜂H .yambaruTerayama ,采自浙江的古田山全肿腿蜂H .gutianshanensissp .nov .,采自浙江和福建的中华全肿腿蜂H .sinensissp .nov .,采自山东的细胸全肿腿蜂H .susanowoTerayama和采自浙江的伊文思全肿腿蜂H .evansisp .nov .。全部模式标本保存于浙江大学植物保护系寄生蜂标本室。热海全肿腿蜂Holepyrisatamiensis (Ashmead ,190 4)(图 1～ 2 )分布 :中国 (山东 ,浙江 ,福建 ,台湾 ,贵州 ) ;日本。瘦全肿腿蜂 ,新种Holepyrismacilentussp .nov .(图 3～ 4,9)分布 :中国 (河南 )。鉴定标本 :正模♀ ,1998 0 7 14,河南内乡宝天曼 ,陈学新采 ,编号 98873 1。角唇全肿腿蜂 ,新种Holepyrisangulatussp .nov.(图 5～ 6)分布 :中国 (福建 )。鉴定标本 :正模♂ ,1994 0 7 14,福建武夷山桐木 ,陈学新采 ,编号 94     

中国肿腿蜂属新记录及一新种记述膜翅目：肿腿蜂科，肿腿蜂亚科）

 记述了采自我国辽宁省的肿腿蜂属一新种：中华肿腿蜂Bethylus sinensis Xu, He et Terayama, sp. Nov.,这是我国肿腿蜂属的首次记录。模式标本保存于浙江大学 植物保护系寄生蜂标本室。     

中国肿腿蜂属新记录及一新种记述膜翅目：肿腿蜂科，肿腿蜂亚科）

记述了采自我国辽宁省的肿腿蜂属一新种：中华肿腿蜂Bethylus sinensis Xu, He et Terayama, sp. Nov.,这是我国肿腿蜂属的首次记录。模式标本保存于浙江大学植物保护系寄生蜂标本室。     

中国齿肿腿蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目:肿腿蜂科)

记述了采自我国福建省漳州市的齿肿腿蜂属OdontepyrisKieffer,190 4一新种 :福建齿肿腿蜂O .fu jianussp .nov .,并编制了中国齿肿腿蜂属分种检索表。在目前已知的齿肿腿蜂属 2 6种中 ,有 4种前翅无盘室 ,包括 :OdontepyrisventralisKrombein ,1996 (斯里兰卡 )、六龟齿肿腿蜂O .liukueiensisTerayama ,1997(中国台湾 )、O .marishiTerayama ,1999(日本 )和福建齿肿腿蜂O .fujianussp .nov .。但是 ,福建齿肿腿蜂与O .ventralis的区别为前者头部有刻点 ,与O .liukueiensis的区别为前者头部后缘明显凹入 ,与O .marishi的区别为前者头部后缘明显凹入和触角第 3节较短。正模♀ ,福建漳州 ,1987 0 4 ,林乃铨采 ,编号 984 82 6。模式标本保存于浙江大学植物保护系寄生蜂标本室。     

中国扁肿腿蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目:肿腿蜂科)

记述了采自我国陕西省秦岭扁肿腿蜂属Parascleroderma Kieffer,1904 1新种：马氏扁肿腿蜂P.maae sp.mov.,并编制了中国扁肿腿蜂属分种检索表。在目前已知的中国扁肿腿蜂属的4种中,新种与分布于台湾的阿塔扁肿腿蜂Parascleroderma atayal Terayama,1998在外表上相似。但是新种的唇基前缘凹陷和并胸腹节背表面光滑等特征易于与后者区别。正模♂,陕西秦岭天台山（1800m),1998－06－10,马云和杜予州采,编号984176。模式标本保存于浙江大学寄生蜂标本室。     

中国齿肿腿蜂属一新种（膜翅目：肿腿蜂科）

记述了采用我国福建省漳州市的齿肿腿蜂属Odontepyris Kieffer,1904一种新：福建齿肿腿蜂O.fujianus sp.nov,并编制了中国齿肿腿蜂属分种检索表。在目前已知的齿肿腱蜂属26种中,有4种前翅无盘室,包括：Odontepyris ventralis Krombein 1996(斯里兰卡）,六龟齿肿腿蜂O.liikueiensis Terayama,1997(中国台湾）,O.marishi Terayama.1999(日本）和福建齿肿腱蜂O.fujianus sp.nov。,但是,福建齿肿腿蜂与Ｏ.ventralis的区别为前者头部有刻点,与Ｏ.liukueiensis 的区别为前者头部后缘明显凹入,与Ｏ.marishi的区别为前头部后缘明显凹入和触角第3节较短。正模♀,福建漳州,1987－04,林乃铨采,编号984826。模式标本保存于浙江大学植物保护系寄生蜂标本室。     

中国齿肿腿蜂属一新种(膜翅目,青蜂总科,肿腿蜂科)

记述了采自我国海南省霸王岭国家级自然保护区的齿肿腿蜂属 Odontepyris Kieffer,1904 1新种:海南齿肿腿蜂O.hainanus sp.nov.,并编制了中国齿肿腿蜂属分种检索表.海南齿肿腿蜂,新种Odontepyris hainanus sp.nov.(图1～2)新种与日本齿肿腿蜂O.japonicus Terayama,2006相似,主要区别是本种头长大于宽(后者是头宽大于长),前翅小翅室亚三角形(后者近矩形),并胸腹节背表面有不规则的皱褶(后者并胸腹节背表面中区稍凹陷且有网皱,侧区有横皱).正模♀,海南霸王岭国家级自然保护区,2006-07-07～11,刘经贤采,编号200700061.副模:1♀,海南霸王岭国家级自然保护区(19.06°N,109.04°E),2006-07-07～11,刘经 贤采,编号200700077.模式标本保存于浙江大学植物保护系寄生蜂标本室.     

利用核糖体ITS和3个线粒体基因序列研究几种常见肿腿蜂种类

硬皮肿腿蜂Sclerodermus spp.(Hymenoptera:Bethylidae)寄生低龄天牛幼虫和吉丁类蛀干害虫。本研究利用核糖体ITS序列和3个线粒体基因序列区分8种常见的肿腿蜂。测出8种肿腿蜂的核糖体间隔区ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列全长2 060 bp。通过对ITS序列分析,根据ITS1序列1 319-1 333 bp位置处"CTTCT"的个数,将管氏肿腿蜂、川硬皮肿腿蜂、白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂、沙蒿吉丁肿腿蜂、苹小吉丁肿腿蜂、松脊吉丁肿腿蜂、落叶松吉丁肿腿蜂,这7种肿腿蜂分成两类,其中,管氏肿腿蜂、川硬皮肿腿蜂、白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂、沙蒿吉丁肿腿蜂为一类,有3个"CTTCT"单元,新发现的苹小吉丁肿腿蜂、松脊吉丁肿腿蜂、落叶松吉丁肿腿蜂为另一类有两个"CTTCT"单元,所以,ITS序列能够将苹小吉丁肿腿蜂、松脊吉丁肿腿蜂和落叶松吉丁肿腿蜂从已知种管氏肿腿蜂、川硬皮肿腿蜂和白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂中区分出来,也为这些新发现的肿腿蜂个体成为新物种提供理论依据;同时分析了8种肿腿蜂线粒体基因cytb,12S和16S 3个基因片段,并结合线粒体基因序列数据和系统发育树。所得的结果表明落叶松吉丁肿腿蜂的所有个体聚在一起形成一个单独的姐妹群,并且在所测的3个基因中落叶松吉丁肿腿蜂都有很高的自检支持率(90%以上)。cytb和12S基因也提供了有力的证明:松脊吉丁肿腿蜂的所有个体聚集为一个单独的类群(自检支持率在90%以上)。这种多个基因综合比较分析的方法,为肿腿蜂科硬皮肿腿蜂属的个体种类鉴定及线粒体基因的进化提供一定的理论依据,但最终肿腿蜂新种的鉴定仍需对其进行形态学鉴定。     

Collagen-like triple helix formation of synthetic (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 analogues: (4(S)-hydroxyprolyl-4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-Gly)10, (4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-Gly)10 and (4(S)-fluoroprolyl-4(R)-fluoroprolyl-Gly)10.

For the rational design of a stable collagen triple helix according to the conventional rule that the pyrrolidine puckerings of Pro, 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) and 4-fluoroproline (fPro) should be down at the X-position and up at the Y-position in the X-Y-Gly repeated sequence for enhancing the triple helix propensities of collagen model peptides, a series of peptides were prepared in which X- and Y-positions were altogether occupied by Hyp(R), Hyp(S), fPro(R) or fPro(S). Contrary to our presumption that inducing the X-Y residues to adopt a down-up conformation would result in an increase in the thermal stability of peptides, the triple helices of (Hyp(S)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (fPro(S)-fPro(R)-Gly)(10) were less stable than those of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (Pro-fPro(R)-Gly)(10), respectively. As reported by B?chinger's and Zagari's groups, (Hyp(R)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) which could have an up-up conformation unfavorable for the triple helix, formed a triple helix that has a high thermal stability close to that of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10). These results clearly show that the empirical rule based on the conformational preference of pyrrolidine ring at each of X and Y residues should not be regarded as still valid, at least for predicting the stability of collagen models in which both X and Y residues have electronegative groups at the 4-position.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of a blue-emitting Sr(3.5) Y(6.5) O(2) (PO(4) )(1.5) (SiO(4) )(4.5) :Eu(2+) phosphor

A novel blue‐emitting Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:Eu²⁺ phosphor was synthesized via a solid‐state reaction. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5 host had a hexagonal crystal structure in the space group P6₃/m and unit cell parameters a = 9.418 Å, c = 6.900 Å. The as‐prepared phosphor showed a blue emission and all the main emission peaks were located at around 466 nm for different excitation wavelengths of 297, 333 and 391 nm. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence property was investigated in the range 20–250 °C, and the emission intensity decreased to 71% of the initial value at room temperature on increasing the temperature to 150 °C. According to the classical theory of fluorescent thermal quenching, the activation energy (ΔE) for the thermal quenching luminescence of the as‐prepared Sr_3.45Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:0.05Eu²⁺ phosphor was determined to be 0.20 eV. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Role of tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) gene modules in catabolism of 3-chlorobenzoate by Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4)

The enzymes chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase, chloromuconate cycloisomerase, dienelactone hydrolase, and maleylacetate reductase allow Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) to degrade chlorocatechols formed during growth in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate or 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB). There are two gene modules located in plasmid pJP4, tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) (module I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) (module II), putatively encoding these enzymes. To assess the role of both tfd modules in the degradation of chloroaromatics, each module was cloned into the medium-copy-number plasmid vector pBBR1MCS-2 under the control of the tfdR regulatory gene. These constructs were introduced into R. eutropha JMP222 (a JMP134 derivative lacking pJP4) and Pseudomonas putida KT2442, two strains able to transform 3-CB into chlorocatechols. Specific activities in cell extracts of chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase (tfdC), chloromuconate cycloisomerase (tfdD), and dienelactone hydrolase (tfdE) were 2 to 50 times higher for microorganisms containing module I compared to those containing module II. In contrast, a significantly (50-fold) higher activity of maleylacetate reductase (tfdF) was observed in cell extracts of microorganisms containing module II compared to module I. The R. eutropha JMP222 derivative containing tfdR-tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) grew four times faster in liquid cultures with 3-CB as a sole carbon and energy source than in cultures containing tfdR-tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II). In the case of P. putida KT2442, only the derivative containing module I was able to grow in liquid cultures of 3-CB. These results indicate that efficient degradation of 3-CB by R. eutropha JMP134(pJP4) requires the two tfd modules such that TfdCDE is likely supplied primarily by module I, while TfdF is likely supplied by module II.     

Induction of in vitro flowering in Dendrobium Madame Thong-In (Orchidaceae) seedlings is associated with increase in endogenous N(6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and N (6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenosine (iPA) levels

We analysed the endogenous cytokinin levels of Dendrobium Madame Thong-In seedlings grown in vitro during vegetative and flowering-inductive periods. HPLC was used to fractionate the extracts and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used for assay of zeatin (Z), dihydrozeatin (DZ), N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and their derivatives. Coconut water used in experiments was found to contain high level (>136 pmol ml(-1)) of zeatin riboside (ZR). Protocorms and seedlings cultured in medium with coconut water were found to contain 0.5-3.9 pmol g(-1) FW of the cytokinins analysed. Seedlings (1.0-1.5 cm) cultured in flowering-inductive liquid medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA, 4.4 muM) and coconut water (CW, 15%) contained up to 200 and 133 pmol g(-1) FW of iP and iPA, respectively. These levels were significantly higher than all other cytokinins analysed in seedlings of the same stage and were about 80- to 150-folds higher than seedlings cultured in non-inductive medium. During the transitional (vegetative to reproductive) stage, the endogenous levels of iP (178 pmol g(-1) FW) and iPA (63 pmol g(-1) FW) were also significantly higher than cytokinins in the zeatine (Z) and dihydrozeatin (DZ) families in the same seedlings. Seedlings that grew on inductive medium but remained vegetative contained lower levels of iPA. The importance of the profiles of iP and its derivatives in induction of in vitro flowering of D. Madame Thong-In is discussed.     

The helix-coil transitions of poly (dA)-poly (dT) and poly (dA-dT)-poly (dA-dT)

Helix–coil transition curves are calculated for poly (dA) poly(dT) and poly (dA-dT) poly (dA-dT) using the integral equation approach of Goel and Montroll.⁵ The transitions are described by the loop entropy model with the exponent of the loop entropy factor, k, remaining an arbitrary constant. The theoretical calculations are compared with experimental transition curves of the two polymers. Results indicate that the stacking energies for these two polymers differ by about 1 kcal/mole of base pairs. Also, a fit between theory and experiment was not possible for k > 1.70.     

Biology of Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The biology of the fruit fly Bactrocera tau, an important horticultural pest, was studied under laboratory conditions at 25°C and 60–70% relative humidity on Cucurbita maxima. The duration of mating averaged 408.03 ± 235.93 min. After mating, the female fly had a preoviposition period of 11.7 ± 4.49 days. The oviposition rate was 9.9 ± 8.50 eggs and fecundity was 464.6 ± 67.98 eggs/female. Eggs were elliptical, smooth and shiny white, turning darker as hatching approached, and measured 1.30 ± 0.07 mm × 0.24 ± 0.04 mm. The chorion has polygonal microsculpturing and is species-specific with polygonal walls. The egg period lasts for 1.3 ± 0.41 days. The duration of the larval period is 1.2 ± 0.42, 1.7 ± 0.48 and 4.0 ± 0.94 days for first, second and third instars, respectively. Pupation occurs in the sand or soil and pupal periods are 7.0 ± 0.47 days. The life cycle from egg to adult was completed in 14.2 ± 1.69 days; the longevity of mated females and males was 130.33 ± 14.18 and 104.66 ± 31.21 days, respectively. At least two to three generations were observed from June 2008 to June 2009.     

Spectroscopic investigations of Er(3+) :CdO-Bi(2) O(3) -B(2) O(3) glasses

This article reports on the optical properties of Er³⁺ ions doped CdO–Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃ (CdBiB) glasses. The materials were characterized by optical absorption and emission spectra. By using Judd–Ofelt theory, the intensity parameters Ω_λ (λ = 2, 4, 6) and also oscillatory strengths were calculated from the absorption spectra. The results were used to compute the radiative properties of Er³⁺:CdBiB glasses. The concentration quenching and energy transfer from Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ were explained. The stimulated emission cross‐section, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and FWHM × values are also calculated for all the Er³⁺:CdBiB glasses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cationic (tripyrrinato)palladium(II) complexes

The formation of cationic palladium(II)complexes [TrpyPd^II]⁺X⁻ by salt metathesis of the respective trifluoroacetates with different salts of weakly coordinating anions X⁻ was investigated. With non-hydrolizable counterions, cationic mono- and dinuclear complexes are observed depending on the nature of the anion X⁻ and the solvent. The mononuclear cations, which are only formed with X = BAr^F, most probably carry a weakly bound molecule of dichloromethane at the fourth coordination site of Pd^II. When treated with diazoalkanes, only these are sufficiently reactive to form carbene complexes. Four- and five coordinate Lewis base adducts [TrpyPd^IIL]⁺ with L = CH₃NC, tBuNH₂, PMe₃, PEt₃ and PiPr₃ and [TrpyPd^IIL₂]⁺ with L = PMe₃ were prepared from the mononuclear cations [TrpyPd^II]⁺BAr^F−. From structural studies it becomes apparent, that the formation of stable five coordinate Pd^II species is restricted to medium size ligands and depends on the delicate balance between the steric influence of L and the strain, which is induced on the TrpyPd^II unit.