海藻多糖生物转化菌种的筛选

[目的]利用生物转化法制备海藻多糖,并筛选得到生物转化海藻多糖抗氧化能力最佳的菌株。[方法]采用复合酶解和微生物转化的方法,以ABTS自由基清除率检测为评价指标,对不同菌株生物转化后的海藻多糖进行比较,结合高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)检测微生物转化前后海藻多糖的变化。[结果]复合酶解后的水溶性海藻提取物经单一真菌菌株、单一细菌菌株、混合菌株发酵后,检测对ABTS自由基清除率,结果表明,经植物乳杆菌酵母菌混合菌株发酵后,对ABTS自由基的清除率最高,高达87. 5%。[结论]植物乳杆菌、酵母菌复合菌株转化后的海藻多糖对ABTS自由基清除率最高,与转化前海藻多糖相比清除率提高51. 2%,HPLC检测发现,其海藻多糖的成分增加,其保留时间为6. 186、8. 014、9. 365 min。     

海藻多糖生物活性及分子修饰

简要介绍了近年来有关海藻多糖抗病毒、抗肿瘤、免疫促进、免疫抑制等生理活性的最新研究 ,重点介绍了不同种类海藻多糖的不同生理活性机理的研究进展。对多糖与生理活性之间的构效关系进行了阐述 ,在构效关系基础上进行多糖分子结构修饰是提高海藻多糖生理活性、降低毒副作用的有效手段。进一步介绍了目前多糖分子修饰常用方法 ,并对修饰后分子的生理活性改变进行了阐述。     

一种简便的海藻DNA提取方法

把包裹缠绕在大量粘性多糖中的海藻ＤＮＡ提取出来是一个十分困难的。研究表明,ＤＮＡ样品中的酸性多糖会抑制限制性酶切反应和ＰＣＲ扩增,而海藻组织中主要的碳水化合物是硫多糖和羧酸多糖,而且比陆生植物的中性多糖更易水溶,使溶液高度粘稠,在ＤＮＡ提取中很难去除...     

中药海藻质量评价研究

对从不同地方收集到的5个中药商品海藻进行品种鉴定,分别为马尾藻科半叶马尾藻、海蒿子、羊栖菜、海黍子、铜藻。水提醇沉法提取海藻粗多糖,用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量,用Bradford法测定蛋白质含量。比较发现,作为海藻正品使用的海蒿子和羊栖菜的多糖含量均高于其他马尾藻品种。半叶马尾藻由于多糖和蛋白的含量差异不大,可以作为代用品,但铜藻不能代替使用。     

植物多糖的凹形结构与生物活性关系

简述了植物多糖的生物活性与结构 ,讨论了植物多糖的生物活性与结构的关系 ,提出了凹形结构是多糖产生生物活性的基础     

天然多糖羧甲基化对其生物活性影响的研究进展

多糖由于具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、调节免疫、降血糖等生物活性而受到诸多领域的关注。多糖的结构与其生物活性相关,经过化学修饰会增强其生物活性或产生新的活性。本文就天然多糖的羧甲基化修饰及对其生物活性的影响进行综述,以期为多糖的研发与应用提供理论参考。     

羊肚菌多糖提取分离及生物活性研究进展*

羊肚菌(Morchella spp.)是一种珍稀食药用真菌,从羊肚菌中提取的多糖在抗癌、抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂及免疫调节等方面具有良好的生物活性,在食品、药品和保健品开发方面具有广阔的应用前景。羊肚菌多糖的有效提取是对其进行结构解析和生物活性研究的基础,不同的提取方式对羊肚菌多糖的结构和生物活性具有一定影响。羊肚菌多糖的结构特性如分子量、单糖组成、一级结构等,对其生物活性具有很大影响,因此研究羊肚菌多糖的结构对揭示其生物活性及作用机制具有重要意义。针对羊肚菌多糖进行综述,总结羊肚菌多糖提取分离、结构解析及生物活性的研究进展,分析羊肚菌多糖生物活性的作用机制,并对今后研究方向提出展望,以期为羊肚菌多糖的研究与开发提供理论基础。     

海藻中具有免疫赋活作用的多糖

海藻中具有免疫赋活作用的多糖姚福汉蒋伯诚（苏州市医药管理局,苏州２１５００７）（常州制药厂,常州２１３０１８）１９９３年吉泽康子等［１］报告,在食用海藻和民间药用海藻中筛选具有免疫赋活作用的多糖时,发现从一般能供食用的条班紫菜（Ｐｏｒｐｈｙｒａｙｅｚ...     

海藻提取功能配料在现代食品工业中的应用前景展望

海藻除了作为海洋蔬菜直接食用外,其另一主要用途就是用于提取多种功能性成分。目前,全球使用最广泛的海藻提取功能食品配料就是从海带、巨藻等褐藻中提取的海藻酸盐等天然海藻多糖产品。海藻酸盐是1881年由英国人E.C.C.Stanford首次从褐藻类植物中提取发现的,之后经历了近50年的时间,由美国的Kelco公司于1929年,开始将海藻酸盐作为商品大量生产,成为人类成熟应用的唯一产业化的天然阴离子盐类多糖物质。随后以海藻酸盐为主导的海     

香港海藻网胰藻中抗病毒活性多糖的分离与纯化

采用生物活性追踪的方法从香港海藻网胰藻(Hydroclathrus clathratus)中分离具有抗病毒活性的多糖, 其中H3-a1和H3-b1纯度较高, 它们表现出很强的抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型活性, 且细胞毒性很小. 通过高压液相色谱(HPLC)、紫外扫描、气相色谱、红外分光光谱和元素分析等方法对这2种多糖进行鉴定, 发现它们是2种由不同单糖成分组成的高分子量硫酸多糖, 分别含有一定量的蛋白质和糖醛酸. 同时, 从网胰藻水提物中分离到的多糖显示较低的抗凝血活性. 在分离纯化过程中, 多糖的抗病毒活性随着硫酸基含量的变化而变化.     

海藻非蛋白质氨基酸的研究进展

海藻非蛋白质氨基酸是海藻中一类重要的生物活性物质,大多具有清热、解毒、驱虫、降血压、防癫痫等功能,本文主要对海藻非蛋白质氨基酸的概念、分类、生物合成、生物功能及其应用、检测分析、分离提取等做一概述,为更好的开发利用这类生物活性物质提供参考.     

Diketopiperazines from marine organisms

Diketopiperazines (DKPs), which are cyclic dipeptides, have been detected in a variety of natural resources. Recently, the interest in these compounds increased significantly because of their remarkable bioactivity. This review deals with the chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, and biological activities of DKPs from marine microorganisms, sponges, sea stars, tunicates (ascidians), and red algae. The literature has been covered up to December 2008, and a total 124 DKPs from 104 publications have been discussed and reviewed. Some of these compounds have been found to possess various bioactivities including cytotoxicity, and antibacterial, antifungal, antifouling, plant-growth regulatory, and other activities.     

Algal chemodiversity and bioactivity: sources of natural variability and implications for commercial application

There has been significant recent interest in the commercial utilisation of algae based on their valuable chemical constituents many of which exhibit multiple bioactivities with applications in the food, cosmetic, agri- and horticultural sectors and in human health. Compounds of particular commercial interest include pigments, lipids and fatty acids, proteins, polysaccharides and phenolics which all display considerable diversity between and within taxa. The chemical composition of natural algal populations is further influenced by spatial and temporal changes in environmental parameters including light, temperature, nutrients and salinity, as well as biotic interactions. As reported bioactivities are closely linked to specific compounds it is important to understand, and be able to quantify, existing chemical diversity and variability. This review outlines the taxonomic, ecological and chemical diversity between, and within, different algal groups and the implications for commercial utilisation of algae from natural populations. The biochemical diversity and complexity of commercially important types of compounds and their environmental and developmental control are addressed. Such knowledge is likely to help achieve higher and more consistent levels of bioactivity in natural samples and may allow selective harvesting according to algal species and local environmental conditions for different groups of compounds.     

地衣及其内生真菌活性次级代谢产物研究进展

地衣是一种独特的菌藻共生体,能够在荒漠、高山、冻土等恶劣环境生存,具有特殊的生理结构和独特的生存环境.地衣及其内生真菌能够产生结构新颖、活性广泛的次级代谢产物,研究地衣及其内生真菌次级代谢产物对新型药用资源开发以及利用等方面都具有重要的意义.本文关注了近年来地衣及其内生真菌的次级代谢产物相关研究,并对其生物活性方面的研...     

球状绿藻的隐性生物多样性及其分类学进展

球状绿藻主要指绿藻门中多为单细胞, 形状为球形、近球形, 或由球形衍生出来的其他形状的藻类。球状绿藻分布广泛, 遍布全球, 生活于淡水、海水和亚气生等生境中, 其相似的简单形态下隐藏着复杂的物种多样性。球状绿藻分类学上主要位于绿藻门的两纲四目及其一些独立支系的类群。球状绿藻分类学正由传统的基于形态特征向基于分子信息的复合分类方法转变。球状绿藻隐性的物种多样性涉及约40属, 其中15属是依据新标本材料而建立的新属, 12个属是依据新证据建立的新组合。本文重点介绍了1998年以后在共球藻纲和绿藻纲中新发现和命名的单细胞球状绿藻, 介绍了它们的形态特征、分类学迁移及理由, 特别对常见的小球藻属和栅藻属的分类学概念变迁作了详细介绍, 对一些尚没有中文名的拉丁学名给出了中文命名。另外, 本文讨论了基于DNA的分类学方法在球状绿藻分类学中的应用, 目前系统发育位置的不同已经成为球状绿藻分类的主要依据。目前球状绿藻分类面临的问题是大多分类位置未用分子系统发育方法的验证。 未来, 球状绿藻分类学家应用系统发育研究结合形态学研究探索单细胞球状绿藻的生物多样性。     

Bioactive Usual and Unusual Triterpenoids Derived from Natural Sources Used in Traditional Medicine

Triterpenoids are accessible in several terrestrial plants as well as marine organisms, including sponges, algae, fungi, and sea cucumbers are examples of marine creatures. So far, more than 20,000 natural triterpenoids have exhibited several varied bioactivities, including anticancer, antimalarial, anti-HIV, inhibit HIF-1 activation, antibacterial, chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective, antiviral, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, insecticidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic. Several plants are used in folklore medicine to treat numerous ailments, and the preparation or uses of traditional practices have been scientifically validated. Although various structural diversity has been observed in the triterpenoids, this review presents the sources and uses of those triterpenoids that showed significant biological activities which could be accessible and promoted to familiar people in the form of traditional medicine or for industrial, or pharmaceutical applications.     

Bioactive natural products from blue-green algae

Since 1981 we have cultured and prepared lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts from more than 1500 strains representing some 400 species of blue-green algae. Screening for a wide variety of potentially useful bioactivities, including cytotoxic, multi-drug-resistance reversal, antifungal, and antiviral effects, has led to the discovery and identification of numerous novel bioactive metabolites including peptides, macrolides and glycosides.A systematic evaluation of the chemical and environmental factors that influence the production of secondary metabolites inScytonema ocellatum, which produces tolytoxin (a macrocyclic lactone that depolymerizes actinin vivo to disrupt cell division in eukaryotic organisms), has shown that cyanophytes can be manipulated in culture to improve growth and product yields.     

Physicochemical methods for predicting the biological potency of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone: an international collaborative study of isoelectric focusing and capillary zone electrophoresis.

Two methods for predicting the specific in vivo bioactivity of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), based on quantitative measures of isoform distribution by isoelectric focusing (IEF)(1) and by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)(2) respectively, have been subjected to an international collaborative study by six laboratories from six countries. Both methods were used to estimate the predicted bioactivities of four preparations of follitropin beta, coded FSH A-D, differing widely in their isoform compositions and specific bioactivities. The mean predicted estimate of potency by IEF and CZE for each FSH preparation by each laboratory was within 80-125% of its potency estimated by bioassay, except for the mean estimates by CZE of that for FSH A by one laboratory and of that of FSH D by another. Each of the six laboratories using the IEF method, and each of the five laboratories using the CZE method were able to rank these FSHs according to their bioactivities, namely FSH B>FSH C>FSH A>FSH D. All laboratories were able to use both IEF and CZE to discriminate between FSH A and C, with bioactivities within 76-132% of one another. Four of six laboratories were able to use IEF, and two of five laboratories were able to use CZE, to discriminate between FSH B and C, with bioactivities within 89-112% of one another. This suggests that the accuracy and precision of both these methods should be sufficient to discriminate between FSHs which would meet or fail European Pharmacopoeia requirements for this type of hormone, since these stipulate that estimates of potency should fall between 80-125% of its stated potency. Using in most cases duplicate estimates in two independent assays, and excluding Laboratory 4, the pooled intra-laboratory geometric coefficient of variation (GCV) was about 4% for both IEF and CZE, and the inter-laboratory GCV was about 7% for IEF and about 10% for CZE. The use of one FSH preparation as a standard, with its specific activity as an assigned value, reduced the inter-laboratory variability of estimates for the remaining FSHs by both methods. This increased the accuracy of the predicted estimates of bioactivity for these remaining FSHs in terms of their approximation to the values for their bioactivities estimated by bioassay. These data therefore suggest that both these methods, and particularly IEF, are sufficiently accurate, precise and robust to be used for predicting the bioactivity of batches of follitropin beta, and especially if used with a standard preparation.     

Bioactive compounds produced by cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria produce a large number of compounds with varying bioactivities. Prominent among these are toxins: hepatotoxins such as microcystins and nodularins and neurotoxins such as anatoxins and saxitoxins. Cytotoxicity to tumor cells has been demonstrated for other cyanobacterial products, including 9-deazaadenosine, dolastatin 13 and analogs. A number of compounds in cyanobacteria are inhibitors of proteases — micropeptins, cyanopeptolins, oscillapeptin, microviridin, aeruginosins- and other enzymes, while still other compounds have no recognized biological activities. In general cyclic peptides and depsipeptides are the most common structural types, but a wide variety of other types are also found: linear peptides, guanidines, phosphonates, purines and macrolides. The close similarity or identity in structures between cyanobacterial products and compounds isolated from sponges, tunicates and other marine invertebrates suggests the latter compounds may be derived from dietary or symbiotic blue-green algae.     

Algal fucoidan: structural and size-dependent bioactivities and their perspectives

Fucoidan is a complex-sulfated polysaccharide distributed in various marine organisms, and the brown algae are reported as the major producer. The fucoidan is important for their high bioactive properties, like antibacterial, anticoagulant, antiviral, anti-tumor, etc., and many more to be explored. There is a strong archival support for the bioactivity and promising properties of this molecule, which creates a hope for this molecule as future drug against thrombosis and some kind of cancers. Reports other than the above bioactive properties have also been a matter of interest for the design of signal or enzyme-arrested new class of drugs. In the past three decades, the research on isolation, molecular characterization, and screening of biological applications has significantly increased. One major issue associated with this molecule is the higher size and seasonal variation in their chemical composition; to resolve the issue and maintain its bioactivity, a prioritized and literal hydrolysis process is required to be developed. Here, in this mini-review, we have tried to summarize the algal fucoidan research and the bioactivities influenced by their molecular size.