川芎嗪合并硫酸镁治疗妊高征大鼠的疗效及机制探讨

为探讨川芎嗪合并硫酸镁治疗妊高征模型大鼠的疗效及其机制,应用L-NAME7mg/kg/天尾静脉注射,连续4天,建立大鼠妊高征模型,采用川芎嗪合并硫酸镁(川 硫)治疗,连续3天。通过套尾法血压测量和24h尿蛋白测定,观察妊高征孕鼠分组治疗后的各组孕鼠血压、尿蛋白变化。并作新生鼠身长、体重和胎盘重量测定,光镜和透射电镜观察肝、肾和胎盘组织病理学及超微结构变化。结果显示,妊娠晚期给予L-NAME,可导致孕鼠血压升高,尿蛋白增加,幼鼠死胎及畸形发生率增加;单用硫酸镁、川芎嗪或两药合用后孕鼠血压、尿蛋白均显著降低(p<0.01,p<0.001),而(川 硫)组较另两组降低更显著(p<0.01,p<0.001);川芎嗪及(川 硫)治疗后能增加新生鼠身长、提高胎仔体重及胎盘重量(p<0.01);且后者尚能减少胎仔后肢短缩畸形率(p<0.001)。妊高征孕鼠肝细胞有散在的坏死灶;肾小球基底膜广泛增厚、肾小球血管内皮肿胀,肾小管上皮广泛水肿;胎盘蜕膜带、基带均增厚,滋养细胞表面的微绒毛减少;川芎嗪尤其(川 硫)治疗后肝细胞未见坏死灶,肾小球基底膜增厚减少;而且后者肾小球血管内皮形态基本正常,肾小管上皮细胞胞浆水肿减轻;胎盘病变明显减轻。上述结果表明,(川 硫)治疗妊高征孕鼠,效果优于单用硫酸镁或川芎嗪。妊高征孕鼠胎盘存在缺血、缺氧的病理改变;川芎嗪治疗组尤其(川 硫)治疗后肝、肾和胎盘病变明显减轻。     

低分子量肝素对妊高征大鼠肾脏病变的保护作用及机制初步探讨

目的:研究低分子量肝素(LMWH)对妊高征大鼠肾脏损伤的作用及其细胞内信号转导机制.方法:采用注射L-NAME方法制备妊高征动物模型,将妊娠大鼠随机分为正常妊娠组、妊高征组、LMWH治疗组,测定各组平均动脉压、尿蛋白、血肌酐及血尿素氮,观察LMWH对肾脏各指标的影响及肾脏出现的病理学变化;同时采用免疫组化、RT-PCR及Western Blot方法检测ERK1/2在各组的表达变化.结果:LMWH治疗组肾脏组织ERK1/2的蛋白及mRNA表达水平明显低于妊高征组(P＜0.01),而妊高征组肾脏组织ERK的蛋白及mRNA表达水平明显高于正常妊娠组(P＜0.01),ERK1与ERK2在各组大鼠肾脏中的表达无差异;治疗组平均动脉压及尿蛋白明显低于非治疗组(P＜0.05),但仍未达正常妊娠水平;HE染色和PAS染色为治疗组肾小球系膜增生、基底膜增厚较非治疗组明显减轻.ERK蛋白主要分布于肾小球中.结论:LMWH对妊高征大鼠肾脏损伤具有一定的防护作用,其机制可能是通过下调ERK1/2的表达来实现.     

丹参川芎嗪注射液联合依达拉奉治疗急性缺血性脑卒中合并高血压的疗效及对神经功能、血脂和BDNF、GAL3的影响

摘要 目的：探讨丹参川芎嗪注射液联合依达拉奉治疗急性缺血性脑卒中合并高血压的疗效及对神经功能、血脂和脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、半乳糖凝集素3（GAL3）的影响。方法：选择我院自2020年1月至2022年1月接诊的136例急性缺血性脑卒中合并高血压患者作为研究对象,分为对照组和观察组,各68例。两组均在常规治疗的基础上,对照组加用依达拉奉治疗,观察组加用丹参川芎嗪注射液联合依达拉奉治疗。比较两组治疗前后的脑血流动力学指标、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、改良Barthel（BMI）评分、血脂、血清BDNF、GAL3表达水平,综合评价临床疗效,记录不良反应发生情况。结果：观察组治疗后峰流速（Vp）、平均流速（Vm）均大于对照组,峰流速对称性差值（DVp）、平均流速对称性差值（DVm）均小于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组治疗后NIHSS评分较对照组低,BMI评分较对照组高（P<0.05）;观察组治疗后血脂水平较对照组低（P<0.05）;观察组治疗后血清BDNF表达水平高于对照组,GAL3表达水平低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组临床总显效率较对照组高（P<0.05）;两组不良反应发生率比较,差异不显著（P>0.05）。结论：丹参川芎嗪注射液联合依达拉奉治疗急性缺血性脑卒中合并高血压的疗效确切,能够有效改善神经功能,调节血脂代谢和升高BDNF水平、降低GAL3水平,且安全性较好,值得临床予以重视。     

The efficacy of biobehavioral and compliance interventions in the adjunctive treatment of mild pregnancy-induced hypertension

This investigation assessed the efficacy of a biobehavioral intervention in the adjunctive treatment of mild pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), a potentially serious complication of pregnancy in which normotensive women develop hypertension, proteinuria, and edema of unknown etiology late in gestation. Forty-five women with symptoms of PIH were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: bed rest alone (the most common obstetrical treatment), bed rest with individualized compliance enhancement training, or a four-session biobehavioral treatment consisting of bed rest, compliance enhancement training, and individualized thermal biofeedback-assisted relaxation training. Results indicated that while blood pressure for the bed rest and compliance enhancement groups continued to rise and pose an increasing health risk to maternal and fetal well-being, subjects in the biobehavioral group maintained their blood pressure at a significantly lower, and presumably safer, level. The biobehavioral treatment is hypothesized to affect blood pressure levels in subjects with mild PIH through the mediation of the sympathetic nervous system, decreasing peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac output. The results of this investigation suggest that the biobehavioral intervention may be an effective adjunct to bed rest in the treatment of mild PIH remote from term.     

The efficacy of biobehavioral and compliance interventions in the adjunctive treatment of mild pregnancy-induced hypertension

This investigation assessed the efficacy of a biobehavioral intervention in the adjunctive treatment of mild pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), a potentially serious complication of pregnancy in which normotensive women develop hypertension, proteinuria, and edema of unknown etiology late in gestation. Forty-five women with symptoms of PIH were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: bed rest alone (the most common obstetrical treatment), bed rest with individualized compliance enhancement training, or a four-session biobehavioral treatment consisting of bed rest, compliance enhancement training, and individualized thermal biofeedback-assisted relaxation training. Results indicated that while blood pressure for the bed rest and compliance enhancement groups continued to rise and pose an increasing health risk to maternal and fetal well-being, subjects in the biobehavioral group maintained their blood pressure at a significantly lower, and presumably safer, level. The biobehavioral treatment is hypothesized to affect blood pressure levels in subjects with mild PIH through the mediation of the sympathetic nervous system, decreasing peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac output. The results of this investigation suggest that the biobehavioral intervention may be an effective adjunct to bed rest in the treatment of mild PIH remote from term.     

Anticonvulsant effects of magnesium sulfate in hippocampal-kindled rats

The objective of the present study was to determine whether magnesium sulfate has anticonvulsant actions in the hippocampal-kindled rat model of epilepsy. Fully kindled rats received acute intraperitoneal injections of magnesium sulfate (270 mg/kg), phenytoin (20 mg/kg) or saline in random order. Electrical seizure duration, behavioral seizure stage and duration of postictal EEG depression were examined 15, 30 and 60 min after injection. In an additional group of rats, kindled seizures were measured before and after chronic (2 h) intraperitoneal injections of magnesium sulfate versus saline. There was a significant decrease in electrical seizure duration (p<0.01) and behavioral seizure stage (p<0.01) with acute magnesium sulfate injections compared to saline injections. Phenytoin had no statistically significant effects on hippocampal-kindled seizures. Chronic magnesium sulfate treatment significantly reduced behavioral seizure stage at 2, 24, and 48 h postinjection (p<0.05), but did not affect seizure duration. There was a significant time by treatment effect for magnesium sulfate on postictal EEG depression (p<0.01). We conclude that in this model of hippocampal epilepsy-induced (kindled) rats, magnesium sulfate has significant anticonvulsant effects.     

Prevention and treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension (preeclampsia) with progestogens

Available data indicate that progesterone is able to treat pregnancy-induced hypertension (preeclampsia). Dydrogesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate might also be used for this purpose. Prevention of hypertensive disorders in preeclampsia also seems possible, but studies are needed to confirm this.     

Blood cell lead, calcium, and magnesium levels associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia

This study compares the red blood cell (Rbc) levels of lead (Pb), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in relation to blood pressure in 39 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The study population included 20 women with normal pregnancies, 15 with mild hypertension, and 4 with severe hypertension and preeclampsia. The mean±SD for each group was calculated and the difference between the means of the normotensive and the other groups were compared by analysis of variance. Significant differences from normal to the preeclamptic pregnancies were in (1) elevated Rbc Pb (p≤0.001), (2) lower Rbc Ca (p≤0.001), and (3) lower Rbc Mg/Pb ratio (p≤0.0001). Pearson’s rank correlation between blood pressure showed a direct relation to the Rbc Pb level (p≤0.01) and an inverse relation to the Rbc Ca and Mg/Pb ratio (p≤0.004,≤0.007). Apparently, prenatal blood pressure is directly proportional to Rbc Pb content and related or modified by Rbc Ca and Mg.     

Role of ERK signaling in the neuroprotective efficacy of magnesium sulfate treatment during focal cerebral ischemia in the gerbil cortex

Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) ameliorates focal ischemia-induced neuronal death in the rat and gerbil models. However, the molecular mechanisms for this neuroprotection are not known. Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by unilateral occlusion of the right common carotid artery and the right middle cerebral artery (CCAO + MCAO) for 30 min or 60 min. Treatment with MgSO4 significantly increased the level of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 both in the non-ischemic (contralateral) and ischemic (ipsilateral) cortex. However, these effects were reversed by administration of U0126, a MEK kinase inhibitor. In the ipsilateral cortex, a significant increase in the level of the proapoptotic proteins Bax, Bad, BNIP3 and activated caspase 3 were detected at the end of focal ischemia compared to the non-ischemic cortex. Treatment of MgSO4 prevented these ischemia-induced activations of the death cascade. Collectively, these data indicate that the ERK-CREB-Bcl-2 signaling pathway might be involved in MgSO4-induced neuroprotection following focal ischemia. Moreover, MgSO4 treatment also resulted in a reduction in pro-apoptotic proteins. These results enhance our understanding on the role of MgSO4 in treating cerebral ischemia.     

Control of prostacyclin synthesis in pregnancy-induced hypertension

Uterine prostacyclin synthase (PGI synthase) and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PGH synthase) concentrations, measured by specific immunoradiometric assays, did not differ between patients with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension (syn. pre-eclampsia; n = 5) and normotensive gravidae (n = 6) with comparable gestational ages (34 - 38 weeks). Myometrial microsomes from pre-eclamptic women contained ten times more PGI synthase than PGH synthase and the ratio of PGI synthase to PGH synthase (mean +/- SD; 10.1 +/- 3.9) was not different from that in normotensive pregnancies. None of the pre-eclamptic patients had myometrial enzyme levels that were more than one standard deviation below the mean established previously for pregnancies ranging from 32 to 42 weeks of gestation. These findings indicate that the commonly observed association between deficient PGI2 production and pregnancy-induced hypertension cannot be explained in terms of a generalized lack of immunoassayable prostacyclin or prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases.     

Expression of the pro-opiomelanocortin gene in rats with inherited arterial hypertension]

Expression of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene in pituitary of rats from newly developed hypertensive strain (ISIAH strain) was studied by dot hybridization. The pUC8 plasmid containing 900 base pair (bp) segment or the human POMC gene corresponding to the major portion of the 3'-nontranslated mRNA region and 60 bp coding for the signal peptide, was used as a probe for hybridization. It was found that the expression of the POMC in pituitary of the hypertensive JSJAH rats was more than 3-fold gene lower as compared to normotensive Wistar strain. The latter is the original strain from which the ISIAH rats were bred. The mechanism of this phenomenon and its possible relation to the arterial hypertension are discussed.