核受体相关因子1的研究进展

核受体相关因子 1(nuclearreceptor relatedfactor 1,Nurr1)是一种转录因子 ,属于核受体超家族成员 ,主要表达于中脑黑质与腹侧被盖区 ,作为基因转录调控蛋白而参与了中脑多巴胺能神经元的发育与存活、长时记忆、肝再生及炎症等多种生理和病理过程。本文总结和讨论了有关Nurr1的编码基因、分子结构、组织表达及生物学功能等方面研究的新近进展     

核转录因子TR3的转位与细胞凋亡

在诸多凋亡路径中 ,线粒体膜的渗透性改变是导致多种凋亡关键分子从线粒体膜内腔释放出来的主要原因。这些分子包括胱天蛋白酶原 (ｐｒｏ ｃａｓｐａｓｅ)、细胞色素ｃ(胱天蛋白酶的激活剂 )、Ｓｍａｃ/Ｄｉａｂｌｏ(胱天蛋白酶的协同激活剂 ) [1] 等。Ｌｉ等[2 ] 新近发现了一种凋亡前期转录因子ＴＲ3,又称作Ｎｕｒ77或ＮＧ ＦＩＢ ,通常它存在于细胞核中 ,某种情况下也能转移到线粒体中 ,并引起线粒体膜的渗透性变化 ,最终导致细胞凋亡。ＴＲ3是一种类固醇 甲状腺激素 类维生素Ａ类转录因子 ,它有一个中央锌指状ＤＮＡ结合结构域 ,在其两…     

核受体的研究进展

核受体是配体依赖性转录因子超家族,与机体生长发育、细胞分化,以及体内许多生理、代谢过程中的基因表达调控密切相关。文中综述了核受体研究的一般概况以及核受体与脂生物学、核受体与肿瘤、核受体与辅调节因子等方面的研究进展。     

跨膜受体核转位通路的研究进展

跨膜受体可从膜表面进入细胞核内直接调控细胞的生命活动,但其核转位的途径至今尚无定论.已有多种模型分析了跨膜受体的核转位过程,它们均强调受体必须从细胞膜或内吞泡"逃脱"到细胞质后,才能进入细胞核内.然而,内吞.分选-浓缩-膜泡融合-释放模型却诠释了一条不同的跨膜受体核转位通路,这将有利于进一步阐明跨膜受体核转位的模式及其分子机制,并为核靶向药物的开发、目的基因的导入、病毒感染的治疗等应用研究提供新的策略.     

核受体转录辅激活蛋白：结构与功能

核受体超家族大体可分为 3个亚类 :(1 )由雌激素 (ｅｓｔｒｏｇｅｎ ,ＥＲ)、孕激素 (ｐｒｏ ｇｅｓｔｉｎ ,ＰＲ)和糖皮质激素 (ｇｌｕｃｏｃｏｒｔｉｃｏｉｄ ,ＧＲ)等类固醇激素受体构成的Ｉ类受体 ;(2 )由甲状腺素 (ｔｈｙｒｏｉｄｈｏｒｍｏｎｅ ,ＴＲ)、维生素Ｄ(ｖｉｔａ ｍｉｎＤ ,ＶＤＲ)、9 顺 /反式视黄酸 (9 ｃｉｓ/ｔｒａｎｓ ｒｅｔｉｎｏｉｃａｃｉｄ ,ＲＸＲ ,ＲＡＲ)等构成的ＩＩ类受体 ;(3)天然配体未知或不需要的孤儿受体。三类核受体的作用方式虽然不同 ,但在结构上却有共同的特点 ,它们的典型结构分为6个部分 ,即Ａ、…     

芳香烃受体与乳腺癌

芳香烃受体（AhR）是一种配体激活转录因子,可介导多环芳烃类化合物的毒性反应（包括致癌性）,还参与一些重要的生物学过程,如信号转导、细胞分化、细胞凋亡等。近年来的研究发现,芳香烃受体在乳腺癌的发生发展中可能通过多种途径起促进作用,其中AhR与ER的抑制性交互应答可能解释为什么化学致癌物为主导致的乳腺癌仍为激素敏感性乳腺癌。以AhR为靶点治疗乳腺癌的实验研究为临床试用提供了依据。     

芳香烃受体及芳香烃基因串在氧化应激和细胞凋亡中的作用

目前已发现至少有6个受芳香烃受体（aryl hydrocarbon receptor,AHR)调控的下游靶基因，这6个基因统称为芳香烃基因串，芳香烃基因串在哺乳动物细胞的表达产物能通过互相对话，调节细胞氧化应激反应和细胞凋亡过程，是芳香烃受体介导芳香烃化合物产生多种生物效应的分子机理。     

核受体及核受体病

核受体为一类配体依赖性的转录调节蛋白,它们在一级结构及基因结构上具有同源性,属于核受体家族或甾体激素受体超家族。核受体异常或核受体病将导致靶细胞对相应激素的抵抗,在临床上产生激素不敏感或抵抗症。近年来,核受体病的分子缺陷及突变本质已得到初步揭示。     

受体内化和核转位参与的细胞信息传递

近年来,对在物质信息的细胞内传递过程中进一步的认识,发现这些物质除了可经第二信使系统引起生物效应外,尚可通过激动剂介导的受体内化和核转位反应直接引起配体特异性的核基因表达改变。本文对受体内化和核转位过程及其影响因素作一概述。     

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor, more than a xenobiotic-interacting protein

The aryl hydrocarbon (dioxin) receptor (AhR) has been studied for several decades largely because of its critical role in xenobiotic-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis. Albeit this is a major issue in basic and clinical research, an increasing number of investigators are turning their efforts to try to understand the physiology of the AhR under normal cellular conditions. This is an exciting area that covers cell proliferation and differentiation, endogenous mechanisms of activation, gene regulation, tumor development and cell motility and migration, among others. In this review, we will attempt to summarize the studies supporting the implication of the AhR in those endogenous cellular processes.     

Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator in KATP channel-mediated insulin secretion in INS-1 insulinoma cells

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) has been known to participate in cellular responses to xenobiotic and hypoxic stresses, as a common partner of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and hypoxia inducible factor-1/2α. Recently, it was reported that ARNT is essential for adequate insulin secretion in response to glucose input and that its expression is downregulated in the pancreatic islets of diabetic patients. In the present study, the authors addressed the mechanism by which ARNT regulates insulin secretion in the INS-1 insulinoma cell line. In ARNT knock-down cells, basal insulin release was elevated, but insulin secretion was not further stimulated by a high-glucose challenge. Electrophysiological analyses revealed that glucose-dependent membrane depolarization was impaired in these cells. Furthermore, K_ATP channel activity and expression were reduced. Of two K_ATP channel subunits, Kir6.2 was found to be positively regulated by ARNT at the mRNA and protein levels. Based on these results, the authors suggest that ARNT expresses K_ATP channel and by so doing regulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion.     

Identification of intracellular localization signals and of mechanisms underlining the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor

Two members of the ‘AhR family’ (a family which is part of the bHLH-PAS superfamily), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and AhR repressor (AhRR), originated from a common ancestor and form a regulatory circuit in xenobiotic signal transduction. AhRR is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein, harboring both a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a nuclear export signal (NES). Because NLS is dominant over NES, AhRR resides predominantly in the nuclear compartment. The NES of AhRR resembles that of AhR in sensitivity to leptomycin B, whereas the NLS of AhRR is monopartite and is, therefore, distinguished from the reported bipartite NLS of AhR. The NLS deletion mutant of GFP-AhRR was transported into the nuclear compartment in the presence of AhR nuclear translocator (Arnt), suggesting the assembly of an AhRR/Arnt heterodimer complex in the cytoplasmic compartment and Arnt-dependent nuclear translocation of this complex.     

Identification of new aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonists using a zebrafish model

A new series of 1,3-diketone, heterocyclic and α,β-unsaturated derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their AhR antagonist activity using zebrafish and mammalian cells. Compounds 1b, 2c, 3b and 5b showed significant AhR antagonist activity in a transgenic zebrafish model. Among them, compound 3b, and 5b were found to have excellent AhR antagonist activity with IC₅₀ of 3.36 nM and 8.3 nM in a luciferase reporter gene assay. In stem cell proliferation assay, compound 5b elicited marked HSC expansion.