丙氨酸转氨酶修饰对大肠杆菌L-色氨酸合成的影响

探究大肠杆菌细胞内负责L-丙氨酸合成的转氨酶对菌株代谢及L-色氨酸合成的影响。运用Red重组技术分别对编码L-丙氨酸转氨酶的基因alaA、alaC和avtA进行敲除。通过摇瓶和50 L罐中探究其对L-色氨酸积累、L-丙氨酸代谢及菌体生长变化情况。结果显示,除3种L-丙氨酸转氨酶全部缺失的工程菌L-丙氨酸合成受阻、菌体生长受到较强抑制外,其它各任意一种或两种丙氨酸转氨酶缺失菌株的生长并未有较大差异,但色氨酸的合成变化显著。其中alaA和alaC双基因缺失的E.coli FS-T4工程菌,摇瓶发酵L-色氨酸产量达6.08 g/L,L-丙氨酸含量仅0.16 g/L,较出发菌株分别提高了26.7%和降低了91.0%。在50 L罐中E.coli FS-T4工程菌L-色氨酸产量最高可达41.9 g/L,糖酸转化率达20.5%,分别较出发菌株提高了13.8%和5.1%。转氨酶AlaA和AlaC的同时缺失,既可以满足细胞整体氨基酸池的需要,而且有利于减少杂酸的积累,使得更多的碳源流向L-色氨酸的合成。     

L-赖氨酸·L-谷氨酸盐制备工艺的研究

本文研究了L -赖氨酸·L -谷氨酸盐制备过程中脱盐、复合、结晶等工艺对产品的收率和质量的影响。研究了工艺过程的控制方法 ,为此产品的工业化生产提供了重要的参数     

天冬氨酸家族主要氨基酸高产菌株的选育策略

L-苏氨酸与L-赖氨酸是L-天冬氨酸家族氨基酸(AFAAs)中的重要成员,近年来由于其在食品、化妆品、动物饲料添加剂等方面的广泛应用而备受关注,市场需求逐年上升。运用代谢工程手段构建高产菌,可有效地提高L-苏氨酸和L-赖氨酸的生产水平。本文详述了L-苏氨酸与L-赖氨酸的合成途径、调控机制以及两种氨基酸高产菌株的构建策略。     

四种氨基酸原料细菌内毒素检查法的研究

依据中国药典2000年版“细菌内毒素检查法”,通过鲎试剂的干扰试验,研究注射用氨基酸原料中细菌内毒素检查法的可行性。结果在2~16倍稀释级下,L-缬氨酸(c=2.5%)和L-异亮氨酸(c=2.5%)对鲎试剂无干扰,检测细菌内毒素的鲎试剂灵敏度≤5.0×102EU.L-1,而在16倍稀释级范围内,L-脯氨酸(c=4.5%)和L-亮氨酸(c=2.0%)对鲎试剂检查法有抑制作用。结论为注射用L-异亮氨酸和L-缬氨酸用灵敏度为5.0×102EU.L-1的鲎试剂检查其细菌内毒素方法可行,可以代替家兔法检查热原。     

我国自行构建的L-苯丙氨酸工程菌株发酵产酸率达国际先进水平

福建省发展和改革委员会于2009年1月17日对福建省麦丹生物集团有限公司和福建沙县侨丹实业有限公司共同承担的"L-苯丙氨酸高产基因工程菌的构建和应用"项目进行科技成果鉴定,由中国工程院院士、浙江工业大学原校长沈寅初教授和清华大学曹竹安教授等专家组成的鉴定委员会,对该项目给予很高的评价,认为所构建的工程菌株ES-4573-2其产酸率达国际先进水平,并足以形成具有自主知识产权的科技成果,使我国L-苯丙氨酸生产进入国际先进行列.L-苯丙氨酸是人体和动物不能在体内自行生物合成的必需氨基酸之一,广泛应用于食品、饲料、医药和日用化工等领域.尤其是低热量、高甜度的二肽甜昧剂-阿可斯巴甜的主要原料,市场需求量大.为进一步提高L-苯丙氨酸产酶产酸水平,增强我国L-苯丙氨酸在国际市场中的竞争力,该项目在两位国家级专家施巧琴教授和吴松刚教授的直接领导下,该课题组在国内外首次应用分子定向协同共进化技术对L-苯丙氨酸代谢途径关键酶基因进行整体改造,构建成突变库,筛选出具有高产酸水平的突变株,取得了显著成效.采用上述技术,工程菌株ES-4573-2经小试、中试进入试产,在采间歇式补料及发酵优化控制的基础上,产酸率较酪氨酸缺陷型宿主菌株提高了292％,取得了重大突破.目前,该工程菌株已在大生产中使用,生产性能稳定,对提高L-苯丙氨酸的产量和质量起了重要的作用,为我国发酵工业的发展作出了贡献.     

L-肉毒碱的生物学功能及其对男性生育的影响

L-肉毒碱在附睾中高度富集,并影响着精子的代谢与成熟过程．其在精液中的水平对男性生育功能具有重要的影响。因此,精液中L-肉毒碱水平的测定与研究对男性不育症的诊断和治疗具有重要的临床意义。该文介绍L-肉毒碱的生物学特性、功能及其在生殖道中的来源、分布和对男性生育功能的影响及临床应用。     

双极膜电渗析分离发酵液中L-乳酸

采用三室型双极膜电渗析装置将发酵液中的L-乳酸钠转化为L-乳酸。探讨操作电压、流速、进料L-乳酸钠质量浓度等工艺参数对转化过程的影响,考察电渗析过程参数对转化率、物料损失率、电流效率和能耗等技术指标的影响。在最优操作条件下（流速40L／h,电压15V）对2L的100．25g／L乳酸钠发酵液进行分批重复电渗析处理。结果表明：整个过程的转化率为81．22％,损失率为1．5％,能耗为0．81kW·h／kg,电流效率为91．8％,得到的L-乳酸质量浓度可达144．31g／L．电渗析残液补糖后可回到发酵罐中用于发酵生产L-乳酸.     

丙酮丁醇梭菌ldhL基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

首次从丙酮丁醇梭菌(Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824)中克隆得到L-乳酸脱氢酶(L-lactate dehydrogenase,ldhL)基因,并将其连接到pSE380表达载体上,得到重组质粒pSE380ldhL,将重组质粒转化到乳酸脱氢酶和丙酮酸裂解酶缺陷的Escherichia coli FMJl44大肠杆菌中进行表达。SDS-PAGE分析表达产物的分子量约为34kD,摇瓶发酵后用HPLC检测分析L-乳酸产量为2.4g/L,纯度达到99.9%,不需要再进行手性分离,为以后在工业上生物法生产高纯度的L-乳酸打下基础。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌ilvE基因的敲除对相关氨基酸合成的影响

L-缬氨酸是谷氨酸棒杆菌SYPS-062发酵生产L-丝氨酸的主要副产物.为减少L-缬氨酸的积累,利用基因重组技术敲除SYPS-062转氨酶B编码基因ilvE内部的987 bp核苷酸序列,构建了ilvE基因缺失突变株SYPS-062△ilvE.研究表明,重组菌ilvE基因的缺失直接导致了分支氨基酸(Val、Ile、Leu)的合成能力的降低,影响了菌体的生长,其中Ile成为生长限制性因子,在培养基中添加分支氨基酸能明显促进其生长.重组菌培养96 h,发酵液中L-缬氨酸含量低于0.5 g/L,与出发菌株相比,其生成率降低90％.     

L-肌肽的合成研究

阐述了以β-丙氨酸及L-组氨酸为起始原料合成L-肌肽的合成工艺,并提出改进的工艺路线。该路线总收率在90%以上,质量分数高达99.5%以上,是低成本,高收率的合成方法,满足人们医疗保健要求。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.