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1.
We compare the thermoluminescence (TL) behavior of Ce3+ ion‐activated LiCaAlF6 exposed to γ‐rays and a carbon ion beam. The reported phosphor is synthesized using an in‐house precipitation method with varying concentrations of activator ion and is characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and TL. Rietveld refinement is performed to study the structural statistics. The TL glow curve consists of a prominent glow peak at 232°C with three shoulders at 115, 159 and 333°C when exposed to γ‐rays from a 60Co source. When exposed to a C5+ ion beam, the TL glow curve consists of five peaks with peak temperatures near 156, 221, 250, 287 and 330°C, and is found to vary slightly with changing fluence. Glow curve convolution deconvolution (GCCD) functions are applied to the TL curves for complete analysis of the glow curve structure and TL traps. The order of kinetics (b), activation energy (E) and frequency factor are determined using Chen's peak shape method and theoretical curves are drawn using GCCD functions. A track interaction model (TIM) is used to explain the sublinearity/saturation at higher fluences. Ion beam parameters are analyzed using Monte‐Carlo simulation‐based SRIM‐2013 code. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2.
Chlorosulphate NaMgSO4Cl phosphor doped with Ce3+ and co‐doped by Dy3+ prepared by the wet chemical method was studied for its photoluminescence and thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics. The emission spectrum of Ce3+ shows dominant peaks at 346 nm (excitation 270 nm) due to 5d → 4f transition. Efficient energy transfer occurs from Ce3+ → Dy3+ ions. Dy3+ emission at 485 nm and 576 nm is due to 4 F9/26H15/2 and 4 F9/26H13/2 transitions of Dy3+ ion respectively. The TL glow curves of NaMgSO4Cl:Ce and Ce,Dy have been recorded for various concentrations at a heating rate of 2 °C/s irradiated by γ‐rays at a dose rate of 0.995 kGy/h for 1 Gy, which peaks at about 241 °C and 247‐312 °C respectively. Further, in changing the concentration level, the general structure of the intensity is found to increase. The main property of this phosphor is its sensitivity even for low concentrations of rare earth ions and low γ‐ray dose. There is still scope for higher doses of γ‐radiation. The phosphor presented may be used as a lamp phosphor as well as for TL studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

3.
A series of single‐phase phosphors based on Na6Mg(SO4)4 (Zeff = 11.70) doped with Dy and Eu was prepared by the wet chemical method. The photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) properties of Dy3+‐ and Eu3+‐activated Na6Mg(SO4)4 phosphors were investigated. The characteristic emissions of Dy3+ and Eu3+ were observed in the Na6Mg(SO4)4 host. The TL glow curve of the Na6Mg(SO4)4:Dy phosphor consisted of a prominent peak at 234°C and a very small hump at 158°C. The TL sensitivity of the Na6Mg(SO4)4:Dy phosphor was found to be four times less than the commercialized CaSO4:Dy phosphor. The TL dose–response of the Na6Mg(SO4)4:Dy phosphor was studied from a dose range of 5–10 kGy and the linear dose–response was observed up to 1 kGy which is good for a microcrystalline phosphor. Trapping parameters for both the samples were calculated using the Initial Rise and Chen's peak shape methods.  相似文献   

4.
Cerium‐doped Sr4Al14O25 phosphor is prepared using a single‐step combustion synthesis and its X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) properties are characterized. XRD reveals the formation of the desired phase in the prepared sample. SEM micrographs of the prepared Sr4Al14O25 phosphor show that the particle size is 10 µm. The prepared Sr4Al14O25, along with Sr4Al14O25:Cex (x = 0.5–5 mol%) shows a PL emission peak at 314 nm under UV excitation of 262 nm wavelength due to 5d → 4f transition. The phosphor is suitable for higher concentrations of Ce ions. The TL glow peak reveals three clearly visible distinct peaks at temperatures around 130, 231 and 336ºC. The three peaks are separated by deconvolution and kinetic parameters calculated using Chen's peak shape method. The calculation shows that the reaction follows second‐order kinetics with activation energy (E) values of 0.52, 0.81 and 1.12 eV, and frequency factor (s) values of 5.58 × 105, 4.53 × 107 and 4.57 × 108 s‐1 for the three individual peaks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

5.
This study reports the thermoluminescence (TL) aspects of Ca10K(PO4)7:Dy phosphor synthesized using a wet chemical method for the first time. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm the formation of the desired crystalline phase. Surface morphological studies reveal the formation of polyhedrons and agglomerations having an average diameter of 200 nm, while energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) data show the presence and composition of the elements in appropriate amounts. The effect of Dy doping concentration has been studied on the TL properties with exposure to gamma radiations from the Co-60 source. The best TL response has been observed for 5 mol% Dy doping concentration. The glow curve is simple and consists of a single peak at 130°C. The effect of the heating rate has been studied on the TL glow curve, and the heating rate of 5°C/s shows the best TL response. The various TL properties such as annealing conditions, dose–response, TL linearity, fading, and reusability of the prepared phosphor have been studied to check its suitability as a good TL dosimeter (TLD). TL characterization of the phosphor reports that the TL response is linear from 5- to 2000 Gy. The results show that this phosphor can be a good TLD for the dosimetry of gamma radiations from Co-60.  相似文献   

6.
The K2Mg(SO4)2:Eu phosphor, synthesized by a solid‐state diffusion method, was studied for its photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the material was matched with the standard JCPDF No. 36–1499. For PL characteristics, K2Mg(SO4)2:Eu2+ showed an emission peak at 474 nm when excited at 340 nm, while it showed Eu3+ emission at 580 nm, and 594 nm splitting at 613 nm and 618 nm for an excitation of 396 nm wavelength due to radiative transitions from 5D0 to 7Fj (j = 0, 1, 2, 3). The Commission International de I′ Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates were also calculated for the K2Mg(SO4)2:Eu phosphor, and were close to the NTSC standard values. For the TL study, the prepared sample was irradiated using a 60Co source of γ‐irradiation at the dose rate of 0.322 kGy/h for 2 min. The formation of traps in K2Mg (SO4)2:Eu and the effects of γ‐radiation dose on the glow curve are discussed. Well defined broad glow peaks were obtained at 186°C. With increasing γ‐ray dose, the sample showed linearity in intensity. The presence of a single glow peak indicated that there was only one set of traps being activated within the particular temperature range. The presented phosphors were also studied for their fading, reusability and trapping parameters. There was just 2% fading during a period of 30 days, indicating no serious fading problem. Kinetic parameters were calculated using the initial rise method and Chen's half‐width method. Activation energy and frequency factor were found to be 0.77 eV and 1.41 × 106 sec?1.  相似文献   

7.
The lyoluminescence (LL), thermoluminescence (TL) and mechanoluminescence (ML) of γ‐ray‐irradiated coloured powder of KCl:Dy (0.05–0.5 mol%) phosphors are reported in this paper. To understand the mechanism of LL and ML, the LL and ML spectra are compared with TL studies. The variation of intensity of respective luminescence with different γ‐ray doses and with different concentrations of Dy3+ ion doped in KCl is found to be similar in nature. The intensities differ from each other, but their nature is found to be similar with γ‐ray exposures. The ML glow peak intensity is linear up to high 1 kGy exposure as compared to LL (up to 0.5 kGy) and TL (up to 0.75 kGy) techniques. Therefore, according to our results, the recommendation is that KCl:Dy (0.1 mol%) phosphor prepared by wet chemical technique is useful for high‐dose measurements using the ML technique for accidental radiation dosimetry. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

8.
Dy3+ and Eu3+ activated Ca3Y2Si3O12 phosphors were synthesized by the solid‐state synthesis method. The phosphors were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), mechanoluminescence (ML), thermoluminescence (TL) and photoluminescence (PL) to determine structure and luminescence. For ML glow curves, only one peak was observed, as only one type of luminescence centre was formed during irradiation. The Ca3Y2Si3O12:Dy3+ TL glow curve showed a single peak at 151.55°C and the Ca3Y2Si3O12:Eu3+ TL glow curve peaked at 323°C with a small peak at 192°C, indicating that two types of traps were activated. The trapping parameters for both the samples were calculated using Chen's peak shape method. Dy3+‐activated Ca3Y2Si3O12 showed emission at 482 and 574 nm when excited by a 351 nm excitation wavelength, whereas the Eu3+‐activated Ca3Y2Si3O12 phosphor PL emission spectra showed emission peaks at 613 nm, 591 nm, 580 nm when excited at 395 nm wavelength. When excited at 466 nm, prominent emission peaks were observed at their respective positions with very slight shifts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

9.
Ce3+‐doped calcium aluminosilicate phosphor was prepared by a combustion‐assisted method at an initiating temperature of 600°C. Structural characterization was carried out using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The absorption spectra of Ca2Al2SiO7:Ce3+ showed an absorption edge at 230 nm. The optical characterization of Ca2Al2SiO7:Ce3+ phosphor was investigated in a fracto‐mechanoluminescence (FML) and thermoluminescence (TL) study. The peak of ML intensity increased as the height of impact of the moving piston increased. The TL intensity of Ca2Al2SiO7:Ce3+ was recorded for different exposure times of UV and γ‐irradiation and it was observed that TL intensity was maximum for a UV irradiation time of 30 min and for a γ‐dose of 1180 Gy. The TL intensity had three peaks for UV irradiation at temperatures 82°C, 125°C and 203°C. Also the TL intensity had a single peak at 152°C for γ‐irradiation. The TL and ML emission spectra of Ca2Al2SiO7:Ce3+ phosphor showed maximum emission at 400 nm. The possible mechanisms involved in the TL and ML processes of the Ca2Al2SiO7:Ce3+ phosphor are also explained. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

10.
The thermoluminescence (TL) characterizations of γ‐irradiated KCl:Dy phosphor for radiation dosimetry are reported. All phosphors were synthesized via a wet chemical route. Minimum fading of TL intensity is recorded in the prepared material. TL in samples containing different concentrations of Dy impurity was studied at different γ‐irradiation doses. Peak TL intensities varied sublinearly with γ‐ray dose in all samples, but were linear between 0.08 to 0.75 kGy for the KCl:Dy (0.1 mol%) sample. This material may be useful for dosimetry within this range of γ‐ray dose. TL peak height was found to be dependant on the concentration (0.05–0.5 mol%) of added Dy in the host. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

11.
Results on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) in LiCaAlF6:Eu2+ are reported. Continuous wave OSL signal as recorded using blue (470 nm) stimulation was found to be ~31% that of standard phosphor lithium magnesium phosphate. The rate of OSL depletion for standard phosphor lithium magnesium phosphate is only three times less as compared with that of LiCaAlF6:Eu2+. Strong photoluminescence (PL) in the near ultraviolet region is observed for LiCaAlF6:Eu2+ with the characteristic Eu2+ emission at 369 nm for 254 nm excitation. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow peak for LiCaAlF6:Eu2+ was observed at around 180°C. The glow peak was about six times more intense compared with the dosimetric peak of the well known thermoluminescence dosimetric (TLD) phosphor LiF‐TLD 100. Thus this phosphor deserves much more attention than it has received until now and may be useful as a dosimetric material in radiation dosimetry. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

12.
We report synthesis of a cerium‐activated strontium pyrophosphate (Sr2P2O7) phosphor using a high‐temperature combustion method. Samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL). The XRD pattern reveals that Sr2P2O7 has an α‐phase with crystallization in the orthorhombic space group of Pnam. The IR spectrum of α‐Sr2P2O7 displays characteristic bands at 746 and 1190 cm‐1 corresponding to the absorption of (P2O7)‐4. PL emission spectra exhibit a broad emission band around 376 nm in the near‐UV region due to the allowed 5d–4f transition of cerium and suggest its applications in a UV light‐emitting diode (LED) source. PL also reveals that the emission originates from 5d–4f transition of Ce3+ and intensity increases with doping concentration. TL measurements made after X‐ray irradiation, manifest a single intense glow peak at around 192°C, which suggests that this is an outstanding candidate for dosimetry applications. The kinetic parameters, activation energy and frequency factor of the glow curve were calculated using different analysis methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
A luminescent double perovskite phosphor Sr2YNbO6 doped with Eu3+ crystallized to the monoclinic phase and was synthesized successfully via a conventional high-temperature combustion method. The formation of the crystal structure, phase purity, and surface morphology were studied using X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy. The characteristic vibrations between the atoms of the functional groups present in phosphor were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. The luminescence properties of the prepared phosphors were investigated in terms of photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL). PL excitation spectra exhibited charge transfer bands and the characteristic 4f6 transitions of Eu3+. A prominent PL emission was obtained for the phosphor doped with 4 mol% Eu3+ under the 396 nm excitation wavelength. PL emission quenching was observed for the higher doping concentrations due to a multipole–multipole interaction. A highly intense PL emission arose due to the hypersensitive 5D07F2 electric dipole transition of Eu3+ that dominated the emission spectra. The thermal stability of the phosphor was examined through temperature-dependent PL. The TL properties of the Sr2YNbO6 double perovskites irradiated with a 90Sr beta source at different doses were measured. The double perovskite phosphors under study showed a linear dose–response with increasing beta dose, ranging from 1 Gy to 10 Gy. Trapping parameters of the TL glow curves were determined using Chen's peak shape method and computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD). CGCD fitting of the TL glow curves revealed that it was consisted of three major peaks and followed second-order kinetics. The estimated activation energies were determined using different methods and were comparable and significant.  相似文献   

14.
Sr3B2O6:Eu2+ yellow phosphor was prepared by the combustion method. The crystalline structure, photoluminescence and thermoluminescence properties of Sr3B2O6:Eu2+ were investigated extensively. The X‐ray diffraction result indicates that the Sr3B2O6:Eu2+ phosphor exhibited a rhombohedral crystal structure. The emission spectra under a 435 nm excited wavelength showed an intense broad band peaking at 574 nm, which corresponds to the 4f65d1 → 4f7 transition of Eu2+ ion. There were two different sites of Sr replaced by Eu in host lattice. The concentration quenching process between Eu2+ ions is determined and the corresponding concentration quenching mechanism was verified as dipole‐quadrupole interaction. The glow curve under 3 Gy β‐ ray irradiation had the glow peak at 160°C and the average activation energy was defined as about 0.98 eV. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.
KMgSO4F:Ce and KMgSO4F:Mn phosphors were prepared by a wet chemical method and studied for their photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics. PL emission of KMgSO4F:Ce peaked at around 440 nm for the excitation at 377 nm due to 5d → 4f transition, while KMgSO4F:Mn had a peak at 540 nm for an excitation at 363 nm and 247 nm due to 4T1g6A1g transition. The phosphors also showed good thermoluminescence characteristics when they were exposed to γ‐rays at a 5 Gy dose at the rate of 0.36 kGyh?1. KMgSO4F:Ce exhibited a single thermoluminescence (TL) peak at around 167 °C and KMgSO4F:Mn also exhibited a single TL peak at around 177 °C. Possible trapping parameters such as order of kinetics (b), the geometrical factor (μg), the frequency factor (s) and the activation energy were also evaluated by Chen's half width method. This article discusses fundamental PL and TL characteristics in inorganic fluoride material activated by Ce3+ and Mn2+ ions and prepared by a wet chemical method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
The present study describes for the first time thermoluminescence (TL) characterization of turtle shell. A fossil shell was collected from the Dongargaon area in the Chandrapur district of Maharashtra, India. TL was recorded and a comparative study of TL for the above material was performed to understand the special TL characteristics of the shell. The shell was irradiated with 60Co γ‐radiation to study its TL properties. The sample displayed two good TL peaks at 135°C and 255°C. A linear dose–response curve for the irradiated sample was produced for the dose range 0.79–28.5 kGy; this sample of turtle shell (fossil) may be useful as a high dose dosimetry phosphor in this range. This geological sample was further characterized using X‐ray diffraction to confirm its phase structure and by scanning electron microscopy , Fourier transform infrared and wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy to determine morphology, vibration, and elemental composition as ppm or percentage of the sample, respectively. Kinetic parameters of the TL glow peak were calculated using three different methods.  相似文献   

17.
This article reports on the luminescence properties of rare earth (Dy3+ and Tm3+)ions doped SrGa2Si2O8 phosphor were studied. SrGa2Si2O8phosphors weresynthesizedby employing solid state reaction method.From the measured X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the samplemonoclinic phase structure has been observed. Thermoluminescenceand Mechanoluminescence properties of the γ‐ray irradiated samples have been studied. Photoluminescence spectra of Dy3+ activated SrGa2Si2O8phosphor has been measured with an excitation wavelength at 348 nm,and it shows two emission bands at 483 and 574 nm due to 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transitions respectively. Whereas the photoluminescence spectra of Tm3+ activated SrGa2Si2O8 phosphor has been measured with an excitation wavelength at 359 nm and it exhibits two emission bands at 454 and 472 nm due to 1D2 → 3F4 and1G4 → 3H6 transitions respectively. In thermoluminescence study, γ‐irradiatedthermoluminescence glow curve of SrGa2Si2O8:Dy3+ phosphor shows two well defined peaks at 293 °C (peak1)and 170 °C (peak2) whereas thermoluminescence glow curve of SrGa2Si2O8:Tm3+ phosphor shows peaks at 292 °C (peak1) and 184 °C (peak2) indicating that two sets of traps are being activated within the particular temperature range and the trapping parameters associated with the prominent glow peaks of SrGa2Si2O8:Dy3+ and SrGa2Si2O8:Tm3+ are calculated using Chen's peak shape and initial rise method.From the Mechanoluminescence study, only one glow peak has been observed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
A new Na3Ca2(SO4)3F: Ce3+ phosphor synthesized by a solid state diffusion method is reported. The photoluminescence study showed a single high intensity emission peak at 307 nm wavelength when excited by UV light of wavelength 278 nm. An unresolved peak of comparatively less intensity was also observed at 357 nm along with the main peak. The characteristic emission of dopant Ce in Na3Ca2(SO4)3F phosphor clearly indicated that it resides in the host lattice in trivalent form. The emission peak can be attributed to 5d → 4f transition of rare earth Ce3+. The prepared sample is also characterized for its thermoluminescence properties. The TL glow curve of prepared sample showed a single broad peak at 147°C. The trapping parameters are also evaluated by Chen's method. The values of trap depth (E) and frequency factor (s) were found to be 0.64 ± 0.002 eV and 1.43 × 107 s–1 respectively. The study of PL and TL along with evaluation of trapping parameters has been undertaken and discussed for the first time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

19.
The photoluminescence and thermoluminescence characteristics of rare earths (Dy or Ce) activated LiCaBO3 phosphors have been studied. Phosphors were synthesized by modified solid state synthesis. The phosphors were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) for structural, morphological and luminescence studies. Dy3+ activated LiCaBO3 shows emission at 486 and 577 nm due to 4 F9/26H15/2 and 4 F9/26H13/2 transition, respectively, whereas the PL emission spectra of Ce3+ activated LiCaBO3 phosphor shows a broad band peaking at 432 nm, which is due to the transition from 5d level to the ground state of the Ce3+ ion. The thermoluminescence study was also carried out for both these phosphors for γ‐ray irradiation and carbon beam irradiation. Linearity was studied for a 0.4–3.1 Rad dose γ‐rays. Linear behaviour over this dose range was observed. Gamma ray‐irradiated phosphors were shown to be negligible fading upon storage. All the samples were also studied for 75 MeV C5+ ion beam exposure in the range of 3.75 × 1012 – 7.5 × 1013 ion cm–2 fluence. In addition to this, trapping parameters of all the samples were also calculated using Chen's peak shape method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

20.
In this study, the thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of Ag‐doped and undoped lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7, LTB) materials, grown using the Czochralski method, were reported. The TL properties of LTB:Ag, such as glow curve structure, dose response, fading and reproducibility, were investigated. The glow curve of the Li2B4O7:Ag single crystal consists of four peaks located at approximately 75, 130, 190 and 275°C; in undoped LTB, the single crystal shows a broad glow curve with peaks at 65, 90, 125, 160 and 190°C using a heating rate of 5°C/s in the 50–350°C temperature region. The high temperature peak of Ag‐doped sample at 275°C has a nonlinear dose response within the range from 33 mGy to 9 Gy. There is a linear response in the range of 33–800 mGy; after which, a sublinear region appears up to 9 Gy for Ag‐doped LTB single crystal. For undoped single crystal, the dose response is supralinear for low doses and linear for the region between 1 and 9 Gy. The thermal fading ratio of the undoped material is almost 60% for the high temperature peak after 7 days. Ag‐doped LTB single crystal exhibits different behaviour over a period of 7 days.  相似文献   

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