Action of testicular graft on the ovary of chick embryo having undergone a partial decapitation]

The absence of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex had neither influence on the ovarian atrophy, nor on the mullerian retrogression induced by an embryonic testicular graft in the female embryo. So, the hormone responsible of the mullerian retrogression had an inhibiting action on the embryonic ovary of the chick which is independant of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex.     

Pharmacologic study of adrenergic mechanisms of compensatory hypertrophy of the ovary]

Treatment of hemicastrated adult female rats with adrenoblockers, chlorpromazine and alpha-methyl-DOPA decreased the ovarian compensatory hypertrophy (OCH) and prevented the stilbestrol suppression of the OCH. Disulfiram (dophamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor) potentiated the stilbestrol suppression of the OCH. Small doses of L-DOPA stimulated the OCH, and high doses of L-DOPA and dilantin failed to act on the ACH, but potentiated the estrogeninduced OCH inhibition. It is suggested that the FSH secretion was mediated by the release of norepinephrine in the central adrenergic neurons and that the estrogen action inhibiting the FSH secretion was mediated through the stimulation of dophamine release.     

Regeneration of the parathyroid glands after partial resection

By means of morphometrical methods, as well as by the method of volumetric reconstruction of the organs in 33 rats during 1-30 days regeneration of parathyroid glands have been studied after a simultaneous resection of the whole left and a half of the right gland. Total calcium content in blood serum in the experimental animals decreases on the 1st-2d day and normalizes by the 3d day. Regeneration of the remained part of the gland is realized at the expense of increasing mitotic activity and hypertrophy of parathyrocytes along the whole organ from the 3d up to the 13th day. There are no signs of the glandular parenchyma growth from the wound surface. On the 3d-5th day dividing parathyrocytes predominate in the half of the gland that adjoins the wound. This promotes a predominant longitudinal growth of the gland remnant and restoration of the organ's ellipsoid form on the 20th-30th day. The main pattern of the parathyroid gland restoration after its partial resection is regenerative hypertrophy.     

Experimental study of the embryotropic action of tetracycline]

The general toxic and embryotropic effect of tetracycline was studied on unbred pregnant albino rats. The antibiotic was used in concentrations of 1 and 0.1 mg/m3, the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). The animals were exposed to tetracycline inhalation for 20 days of their pregnancy. On the basis of the results it was concluded that tetracycline in the concentration at the level of the MPC, i.e. 0.1 mg/m3 had under the experimental conditions a negative effect on the pregnant animals. In concentrations of 1 and 0.1 mg/m3 it had in addition an embryotropic effect. It was also shown that the pregnant animals were more sensitive to the antibiotic than the non-pregnant ones.     

Experimental study of the sensitizing power of methoxyflurane]

Methyoxyflurane, a halogenated general anaesthetic, showed a net sensibilizing effect in the guinea-pig when tested experimentally by the Magnusson and Klingman technique. According to these authors classification it may be classed as of "moderate allergenicity". In addition, the sensibilisation reaction obtained is prolonged. It remains at a similar level for 2 to 7 weeks after the end of the sensibilisation phase.     

Experimental study of left ventricular assistance]

An experimental study, on normal dog and a model of cardiogenic shock, using an extracorporeal circuit including 2 cannulae and a centrifugal pump, has shown the superiority of the ventriculo-aortic bypass on the atrio-aortic bypass, for a complete left ventricular mechanical assistance.     

Experimental study of a gentamicin aerosol]

The study of gentamicin aerosol showed its relative innocuousness: it did not inhibit the growth and development of young animals, did not induce pathological changes in the upper respiratory tract, kidneys, liver, heart and spleen on its prolonged use. Pathohistological examination revealed slight irritating effect of the gentamicin aerosol in the lungs after its use in a dose of 8 or 25 mg/kg for 6 weeks. A procedure for investigating the effect of the aerosol on the activity of the trachea ciliated epithelium of warm blooded animals was developed. The gentamicin aerosols prepared from solutions of different concentrations (1 to 50 mg/ml) induced ingibition of the ciliated epithelium function at average from 15 to 35 per cent which was associated with the solution acidity (pH 4.54 to 4.82). Such a decrease in the function of the ciliated epithelium due to the antibiotic aerosol use was a factor prolonging the antibiotic retention time in the respiratory organs. It was found that aqueous solutions of drugs used for inhalation, such as ephedrin, euphelin, dimedrol, N-acetyl-L-cystein and others had no effect on the activity of gentamicin and may be used with it in a form of aerosols.     

Experimental study of polyvalent proteus antigen immunogenicity]

The experiments on 52 rabbits have been carried out to show the possibility to use Proteus antigen with high content of H-component (H1; H2; H3 Proteus antigens are most frequently found) for active immunization to make highly specific humoral immunity. The optimal scheme of immunization consists of 3 subcutaneous injections in doses of 0.25-0.25-0.5 mg of antigen within 7 days intervals and 0.25 mg dose of single revaccination. The duration of cycle immunization is 14 days.     

Experimental and clinical study test of capreomycin]

Data on the experimental and clinical study of capreomycin in the treatment of tuberculosis are presented. It was shown that capreomycin had low activity with respect to the sensitive strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Rv in vitro and the respective infection caused by it in mice. The activity of capreomycin in vitro with respect to streptomycin resistant strains was the same as that with respect to the sensitive strains, while in vivo it increased 3 times. Capreomycin showed a tendency to decreasing its activity with respect to strains highely resistant to canamycin only in vitro. The effect of capreomycin on tuberculosis infection caused by strains resistant to different concentrations of canamycin was the same as that on tuberculosis infection caused by sensitive strains. Cross resistance between florimycin (viomycin) and capreomycin was shown. Clinical trails of capreomycin revealed its moderate therapeutic efficiency, relatively low toxicity and an allergenizing effect on the host. Transient ventibulopatia without pronounced signs of ototoxic action was observed. The nephrotoxic effect was moderate and transient. It was observed predominantly at the peak of the allergic reactions to the antitubercle drugs. The data obtained during the study allow recommendation of capreomycin use in clinics as reserve drug when the causative agent is not resistant to florimycin. The drug should be used under regular control of the blood picture, electrolyte metabolism, state of the kidneys, auditory and vestibular apparatus.     

Solubilization and partial purification of aromatase from chicken ovary

Aromatase, the cytochrome P-450 that converts androgen to estrogen, has been solubilized from chicken ovarian microsomes with the nonionic detergent Emulgen 913. Following chromatography on gel filtration, anion exchange, dye affinity, and hydrophobic media, ovarian aromatase is purified up to 27-fold with 10-15% recovery. Separation of the cytochrome P-450 aromatase from NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase is achieved during the purification. The partially purified enzyme is stable for as long as 6 months when frozen in liquid nitrogen in buffer containing dithiothreitol, glycerol, Emulgen and 150 mM KCl.     

Experimental study of the morphogenesis of nutmeg fibrosis of the liver]

Partial structure of the inferior vena cava over the diaphragm carried out experimentally in dogs let to blood stasis in the liver. Biopsy material obtained at different experimental periods demonstrated that fibrosis began to develop from the central and collective veins as a result of proliferation of the fibroblasts of the vein adventitita and "emigration" of the fucsinophilic fibers into the adjacent parenchyma. In parallel there occurred a neoformation of the connective tissue in the areas of hemorrhages and necroses associated with proliferation of the Kupffer's cells. Nutmeg fibrosis proved to have a cellular genesis and as associated with increased tropocollagen activity of fibroblasts.     

Experimental study of the organotropic side-effect properties of polymyxin B]

Toxicity of Soviet polymyxin B and its effect on the central peripheral nervous system, blood circulation, respiration, smooth muscles, functional liver and kidney state, growth and development of young animals, the picture of the peripheral blood were studied in acute and chronic experiments on various species of animals. It was found that polymyxin B had a suppressing effect on the peripheral n-cholinoreactive systems of the neuromuscle synapses of the skeletal muscles and ganglia of the sympathic and parasympathic innervation and deprimizing effect on the central nervous system. Caffeine, adrenaline and calcium chloride proved to be the antagonists of the neurotoxic effects of polymyxin B. The chronic experiments revealed that polymyxin B induced disorders in the kidney function and morphological changes in the glomeruli after its repeated administration. No significant effect of polymyxin B on the growth and development of the young animals, the functional state of the liver and the picture of the peripheral blood was observed when the drug was used in doses corresponding to the therapeutic ones in clinics.     

Experimental nephrotic syndrome in the rat. Biologic parameters and study of several hydrolases in different purified kidney fractions]

The induction of nephrotoxic nephritis in rats with rabbit antibodies preparation results in proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and hyperlipidemia with little glomerular lesions. A study of some hydrolases in cortex and medulla on one hand and glomerular and tubules on the other, showed changes in the activities of following enzymes. 1) A 20-30 % decrease in Na+, K+ dependent ATP-ase in whole kidney. 2) A 20 % decrease in beta-galactosidase activity in glomerular and medulla. 3) A 20 % increase of arylsulphatase A activity in tubules. These results are discussed in the light of the present knowledge of sulphatide metabolism in kidney.     

Optical imaging techniques for the study of malaria

Malarial infection needs to be imaged to reveal the mechanisms behind malaria pathophysiology and to provide insights to aid in the diagnosis of the disease. Recent advances in optical imaging methods are now being transferred from physics laboratories to the biological field, revolutionizing how we study malaria. To provide insight into how these imaging techniques can improve the study and treatment of malaria, we summarize recent progress on optical imaging techniques, ranging from in vitro visualization of the disease progression of malaria infected red blood cells (iRBCs) to in vivo imaging of malaria parasites in the liver.     

两个不同子房类型糜子酯酶同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳方法对黑龙江省集贤县单子房型(单粒)糜子和双子房型(双粒)糜子的酯酶同工酶进行了测定、分析,结果表明：两种不同子房型糜子酯酶同工酶均具有明显器官特异性;两种不同子房型糜子遗传基础已经趋异。