Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the genus Wittrockiella (Pithophoraceae,Cladophorales), including the descriptions of W. australis sp. nov. and W. zosterae sp. nov.

Wittrockiella is a small genus of filamentous green algae that occurs in habitats with reduced or fluctuating salinities. Many aspects of the basic biology of these algae are still unknown and the phylogenetic relationships within the genus have not been fully explored. We provide a phylogeny based on three ribosomal markers (ITS, LSU, and SSU rDNA) of the genus, including broad intraspecific sampling for W. lyallii and W. salina, recommendations for the use of existing names are made, and highlight aspects of their physiology and life cycle. Molecular data indicate that there are five species of Wittrockiella. Two new species, W. australis and W. zosterae, are described, both are endophytes. Although W. lyallii and W. salina can be identified morphologically, there are no diagnostic morphological characters to distinguish between W. amphibia, W. australis, and W. zosterae. A range of low molecular weight carbohydrates were analyzed but proved to not be taxonomically informative. The distribution range of W. salina is extended to the Northern Hemisphere as this species has been found in brackish lakes in Japan. Furthermore, it is shown that there are no grounds to recognize W. salina var. kraftii, which was described as an endemic variety from a freshwater habitat on Lord Howe Island, Australia. Culture experiments indicate that W. australis has a preference for growth in lower salinities over full seawater. For W. amphibia and W. zosterae, sexual reproduction is documented, and the split of these species is possibly attributable to polyploidization.     

Triterpenoids from the Roots of Craibiodendron henryi W. W. Smith

A new triterpenoid, 11a.O.trans-p-coumaroyltaraxerol （1）, along with 11 known triterpenoids, taraxerone （2）, taraxerol （3）, 2α,3β,23,24-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid （4）, oleanolic acid （5）, β-amyrin （6）, 3β,23-dihydroxylursan-12-en- 28-oic acid （7）, 2α,3β-dihydroxyursan-12-en-28-oic acid （8）, 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyursan-12-en-28-oic acid （9）, 2α,3β,24- trihydroxyursan-12-en-28-oic acid （10）, u rsolic acid （11）, and 3-O-acetylursolic acid （12）, was isolated from Craibiodendron henryi W. W. Smith （Ericaceae）. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence. Antioxidant activity and vasodilator effect of compound 1 were assessed.     

Insights into the Witheringia solanacea (Solanaceae) Complex in Costa Rica. II. Insect Visitors and Pollination Biology of W. asterotricha and W. meiantha1

Isolating mechanisms are important in maintaining the taxonomic integrity of closely related sympatric taxa. A previous study found strong post‐zygotic isolating barriers between two species, Witheringia asterotricha and W. meiantha, of the W. solanacea (Solanaceae) species complex in Costa Rica. This study examines the presence of pre‐zygotic barriers between the two species at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. Both species offer pollen and nectar as floral rewards and are visited primarily by solitary or semi‐social bees, some of which sonicate (“buzz”) the anthers to discharge pollen. No evidence was found for phenological differences in flowering time between W. asterotricha and W meiantha, but pre‐zygotic factors, such as ethological isolation and possibly fine‐scale ecological or geographic barriers, may be responsible for restricting gene flow between the two species.     

Decreased neutrophils and megakaryocytes in anemic mice of genotype W/W

The concentration of neutrophils and megakaryocytes was determined in the marrow of anemic mice of genotype W/W^v and their normal (+/+) litter mates. In all groups studied, the humerus of W/W^v mice contained significantly less neutrophils and megakaryocytes than did normal animals. Blood neutrophil concentration was less in all groups of W/W^v mice but in only one group which was the youngest group studied, did this value differ significantly from normal. The blood and marrow neutrophil response to endotoxin was similar in W/W^v and “+/+” animals. This suggests that the neutrophilic system of W/W^v mice responds to this stimulus in a relatively normal manner, much as their erythroid system responds to hypoxia, and androgens.     

An Introduction to Statistical Inference and Its Applications with R by TROSSET,M. W.

An Introduction to Statistical Inference and Its Applications with R (M. W. Trosset) W. N. Venables ROC Curves for Continuous Data (W. J. Krzanowski and D. J. Hand) Lori E. Dodd A Guide to QTL Mapping with R/qtl (K. W. Broman and S. Sen) R. W. Doerge Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials with Time‐to‐Event Endpoint (K. E. Peace, ed.) Yu Shyr Translational Medicine: Strategies and Statistical Methods (D. Cosmatos and S.‐C. Chow) Yongzhao Shao Clinical Prediction Models: A Practical Approach to Development, Validation and Updating (E. W. Steyerberg) Rumana Omar Maximized Penalized Likelihood Estimation: Volume II: Regression (P. P. Eggermont and V. N. LaRicca) Hao Zhang Morphometrics with R (J. Claude) Alfred Kume Statistical Analysis of Network Data: Methods and Models (E. D. Kolaczyk) Crystal Linkletter     

缅甸树萝卜和深裂树萝卜，老挝杜鹃花科植物二新记录种

报道了老挝杜鹃花科树萝卜属2新记录种:缅甸树萝卜(Agapetes megacarpa W. W. Smith)和深裂树萝卜(A. lobbii C. B.Clarke),前者分布于老挝琅勃拉邦省(Luang Prabang Province),后者分布于万象省(Vientiane Province),凭证标本保存在俄罗斯科马洛夫植物研究院标本馆(LE)。提供了每种的凭证标本、分布信息和彩色照片,分别利用繁殖器官性状和营养器官性状编制了老挝3种树萝卜属植物的检索表。     

云南苦苣苔科一新记录属——单座苣苔属

报道了云南苦苣苔科一新记录属——单座苣苔属(Metabriggsia W.T.Wang)。该属为中国特有属,仅单座苣苔(Metabriggsia ovalifolia W.T.Wang)和紫叶单座苣苔(Metabriggsia purpureotincta W.T.Wang)2种,分布于广西西部、北部及贵州南部,在云南的发现对研究其地理与区系有重要的意义。     

中缅安息香，中国安息香科一新记录种

报道了中国安息香科一新记录种:中缅安息香(Styrax buchananii W. W. Sm.),并提供特征描述及凭证标本照片。该种与近缘种的区别特征为,幼枝密被黄褐色星状毛,花冠覆瓦状,花丝明显较花药短,且上部弯曲。     

Fine Structure of Oculopollis parvoculus Goczan and Oculopollis semimaximus W. Kr.

The study of ultra-thin sections (under the transmission electron microscope) of exine from Oculopollis parvoculus Goczan and O. semimaximus W. Kr. shows (a) that the oculus could be considered as the expansion of simpler structures at the apertural level, (b) that the tectum of the fossil Angiosperm pollen grains could have several structural origins.     

TAXONOMY OF ADAMSIELLA L.E. PHILLIPS ET W.A. NELSON,GEN. NOV. AND EPIGLOSSUM KÜTZING (RHODOMELACEAE,CERAMIALES)1

In a taxonomic/phylogenetic study of the genus Lenormandia, several species were found to differ significantly from the type species, L. spectabilis Sonder, in apical morphology, blade‐surface pattern, medullary construction, the presence of pseudopericentral cells, and the position of reproductive structures. These species constitute two groups that differ morphologically, a finding largely supported by analysis of 18S rRNA sequences, as reported previously. The two putative Lenormandia species from New Zealand, along with two previously undescribed species also from New Zealand, comprised one such group, designated here by the new genus name Adamsiella L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson, gen. nov. and including A. melchiori L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson, sp. nov., A. lorata L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson, sp. nov., A. angustifolia (Harvey) L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson, comb. nov., and A. chauvinii (Harvey) L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson comb. nov. Adamsiella differs from Lenormandia by incurved apices, a chevron surface pattern, and reproductive structures on dorsi‐ventrally flattened apically incurved polysiphonous branchlets usually produced at the margins. Two species endemic to Australia formed the second group designated by the resurrected generic name Epiglossum and also characterized by a strongly incurved apex and chevron surface pattern but with reproductive structures produced on terete polysiphonous branchlets found either on the midrib or elsewhere on the blade surface but not the margins. Epiglossum contains E. smithiae (J.D. Hooker et Harvey) Kützing and E. proliferum (C. Agardh) L.E. Phillips, comb. nov.     

1059. Lachenalia bolusii W.F. Barker: Asparagaceae

The South African geophyte Lachenalia bolusii W.F.Barker is a dainty-flowered plant from semi-arid inland western parts of the Northern and Western Cape. Details of its classification, relationships, history and distribution are given, with notes on cultivation.     

广西苦苣苔科稀有珍贵植物——弥勒苣苔

首次报道广西苦苣苔科植物一新记录属:弥勒苣苔属.该属接近金盏苣苔属,但不同在于弥勒苣苔属花冠上唇4浅裂,下唇不分裂,2对雄蕊分别着生于花冠中部及其上方,雌蕊具一个柱头.弥勒苣苔属为中国特有的单型属,仅弥勒苣苔一种,分布于云南东南部和广西西部.该种在广西首次记录,凭证标本存放于广西植物标本馆(IBK).     

丹霞柿，广东柿属(柿科)一新组合及其一新异名

通过查阅模式标本后发现丹霞南烛(Lyonia danxiaensis R. H. MiaoW. Q. Liu)具有聚伞花序,花部为4数,雄蕊16枚且成对着生,花丝非膝曲状等特征与珍珠花属(Lyonia)不符,而与柿科(Ebenaceae)柿属(Diospyros)一致,因此提出一新组合:丹霞柿[Diospyros danxiaensis (R. H. MiaoW. Q. Liu) Y. H. TongN. H. Xia]。且经标本比对后发现,新近发表的彭华柿(Diospyros penghuae W. B. Liao, Q. FanW. Y. Zhao)与丹霞柿实为同种,在此也予以合并。     

The vicarious differentiation of the alpineGalium serpylloides group (Rubiaceae), endemic to the W. Himalaya

Galium serpylloides agg. comprises a group of locally endemic, disjunct and vicarious taxa in the (sub)alpine zone of the W. Himalaya, from W to E:G. gymnopetalum, G. lahulense, G. serpylloides s. str.,G. saipalense, andG. nepalense. Four of these are new to science;G. serpylloides is newly typified. The main characters of the five species are compared and illustrated, their affinities and evolution are discussed, and a map of distribution is presented.Dedicated to Prof.K. H. Rechinger on the occasion of his 80th birthday.     

Significance of a new chromosome number in Nitella mirabilis Nordst. ex Groves em. R.D.W.

The new chromosome number n = 9 has been reported in Nitella mirabilis Nordst. ex. Groves em. R.D.W. Discussing the significance of this new chromosome number with regard to arthrodactylous and anarthrodactylous groups of the genus Nitella, the possible origin of a 9 chromosome form of N. mirabilis due to hybridization has been suggested.     

Reproductive Ecology of Rhynchanthus beesianus W. W. Smith （Zingiberaceae）in South Yunnan, China： A Ginger with Bird Pollination Syndrome

Rhynchanthus beesianus W. W. Smith （Zlnglberaceae） Is an eplphytlc tropical ginger with a very conspicuous floral display, but almost no fruit set under field conditions. The reproductive ecology encompassing phenology, floral biology, and pollination and breeding systems was Investigated In an evergreen broadleaved forest In Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The flowers possess a typical bird pollination syndrome, but no effective pollinators were observed during 138 h of observation. Female Black-breasted Sunbird （Aethopyga saturata） and bumblebees visited R. beesianus regularly, but they all played roles as nectar robbers. No fruit was found In the bagging treatment, and fruit set following manual self-pollination （（57.55 ± 4.08）%） was comparable with cross-pollination （（64.32 ± 4.42）%）, suggesting that R. beeslanus is self-compatible but spontaneous self-pollination In this species does not occur. Seed set of open-pollination （（26.42 ± 3.11）%） was significantly lower than manual self-pollination （（73.41± 4.16）%） and cross-pollination （（75.56 ± 4.52）%）, confirming that R. beeslanus was dependent on animals for fertilization and suffered a serious pollinator-limitation.     

The female-killing chromosome of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, was generated by translocation between the Z and W chromosomes

Bombyx mori is a female-heterogametic organism (female, ZW; male, ZZ) that appears to have a putative feminizing gene (Fem) on the W chromosome. The paternally transmitted mutant W chromosome, Df(p ^Sa + ^p W + ^od )Fem, derived from the translocation-carrying W chromosome (p ^Sa + ^p W + ^od ), is inert as femaleness determinant. Moreover, this Df(p ^Sa + ^p W + ^od )Fem chromosome has been thought to have a female-killing factor because no female larvae having the Df(p ^Sa + ^p W + ^od )Fem chromosome are produced. Initially, to investigate whether the Df(p ^Sa + ^p W + ^od )Fem chromosome contains any region of the W chromosome or not, we analyzed the presence or absence of 12 W-specific RAPD markers. The Df(p ^Sa + ^p W + ^od )Fem chromosome contained 3 of 12 W-specific RAPD markers. These results strongly indicate that the Df(p ^Sa + ^p W + ^od )Fem chromosome contains the region of the W chromosome. Moreover, by using phenotypic and molecular markers, we confirmed that the Df(p ^Sa + ^p W + ^od )Fem chromosome is connected with a partially deleted Z chromosome and that this fused chromosome behaves as a Z chromosome during male meiosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the ZZW-type triploid female having the Df(p ^Sa + ^p W + ^od )Fem chromosome is viable. Therefore, we concluded that the Df(p ^Sa + ^p W + ^od )Fem chromosome does not have a female-killing factor but that partial deletion of the Z chromosome causes the death of the ZW-type diploid female having the Df(p ^Sa + ^p W + ^od )Fem chromosome. Additionally, our results of detailed genetic analyses strongly indicate that the female-killing chromosome composed of the Df(p ^Sa + ^p W + ^od )Fem chromosome and deleted Z chromosome was generated by translocation between the Z chromosome and the translocation-carrying W chromosome, p ^Sa + ^p W + ^od .     

康马毛茛, 中国西藏毛茛科一新种

该文描述了自西藏南部发现的毛茛科毛茛属一新种,康马毛茛(Ranunculus kangmaensis)。此新种与特产云南的梅里山毛茛(R. meilixuoshanicus KadotaMing)近缘,两者的区别是康马毛茛的花葶较高,叶较大,3深裂,花具8枚且较大,并具较长爪的花瓣。     

Light and desiccation responses of Weymouthia mollis and W. cochlearifolia,two pendulous rainforest epiphytes from Australia and New Zealand

Abstract

The two species of Weymouthia occur in temperate rainforest in south-east Australia, New Zealand and southern Chile. Weymouthia cochlearifolia forms patches on trunks and branches, but can be pendulous under suitable conditions. Weymouthia mollis is typically of 'pendant' life-form, hanging from twigs and branches in the canopy. Photosynthetic electron flow in W. cochlearifolia reached 95% saturation at 160 μmol m^-2 s^-1 PPFD; corresponding figures for W. mollis ranged from 176 to 307 μmol m^-2 s^-1 PPFD or more. Both species tolerated 30 d desiccation at -41 MPa (74% r. h.) but survived lower humidities less well; W. mollis was the more desiccation tolerant of the two. The fluorescence parameter F_v/F_m recovered rapidly on rewetting. It is suggested that the main desiderata for the pendant life-form are high and reasonably regular precipitation, some shelter from wind, and moderate (but not extreme) shade. These probably cannot be fully met around the year in deciduous forests at higher latitudes.     

Demonstration of W chromosome-specific repetitive DNA sequences in the domestic fowl,Gallus g. domesticus

Evidence is presented to demonstrate the presence of W chromosome-specific repetitive DNA sequences in the female White Leghorn chicken, Gallus g. domesticus, based on two different experimental approaches. First, ³H-labelled, female chicken DNA was hybridized with excess, unlabelled, mercurated, male DNA, and unhybridized single-stranded ³H-DNA (³H-SHU-DNA) was recovered by SH-Sepharose and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. Approximately 24% of the hybridizable ³H-SHU-DNA was female-specific and localized on the W chromosome. The second approach was to examine female-specific DNA fragments among the digests of chicken DNA with various restriction endonucleases. Among them, we found that digestion with XhoI produced two prominent female-specific bands of 0.60 kb (= kilobase pairs) and 1.1 kb. The 0.60 kb fragment was isolated and ³H-labelled by nick-translation. Female-specificity of the ³H-XhoI—0.60 kb DNA was judged to be at least 95% under the conditions of hybridization with membrane filter-bound DNA. Presence of amplified XhoI—0.60 kb DNA on the W chromosome seems to be limited to different lines of G. g. domesticus and no such repeat was detected in three species belonging to other genera in the order Galliformes and in three species belonging to other avian orders.