共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Carbon dioxide has been found to produce various negative consequences for a number of aquatic species and is projected to rise in the future for many aquatic ecosystems. Crayfish act as indicators of water quality and function as keystone species in aquatic food webs; however, there is a paucity of research on how crayfish may respond to elevated CO 2. This study quantified how shelter-seeking behavior in freshwater crayfish (e.g., family Cambaridae), a behavior critical for survival and fitness, may change following exposure to elevated pCO 2. Red Swamp crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii, Girard, 1852 ) were exposed to one of three potential levels of dissolved CO 2 that could be found in freshwater basins currently or under future climate change conditions: Control (100 μatm), Low (6853?±?1206 μatm), and High (19,086?±?2043 μatm) for 8 days, and were then transferred to a treatment aquarium with the same CO 2 levels as the respective initial exposure. The treatment aquarium contained a shelter and was divided into three equal sections based on proximity to that shelter. Crayfish proximity to the shelter (defined by the tank sections) in the treatment aquarium was monitored every 5 s for a 2-min trial. Crayfish spent differing amounts of time in differing zones of the experiment and had different levels of activity, depending on their pCO 2 exposure; crayfish acclimated to High pCO 2 increased their time spent hiding and decreased their overall activity when compared to the Low pCO 2 and Control treatments. Augmented shelter-seeking behavior may affect crayfish social hierarchies, feeding, mating, and mortality, which could generate cascading effects on the ecology of many freshwater ecosystems. 相似文献
2.
Auto?i sledovali sou?asně intensitu dýchání a intensitu fotosynthesy u list? cukrovky, neoddělených od rostliny. Několik hodin p?ed pokusem asimilovaly listy radioaktivní 14CO 2, na?e? byly umístěny do normální listové komory k pr? tokovému gazometrickému stanovení intensity fotosynthesy podle změny koncentrace CO 2 v procházejícím vzduchu. Sou?asně s gazometrickým stanovením fotosynthesy mě?ili auto?i specifickou aktivitu kysli?níku uhli?itého ve vzduchu, který pro?el asimila?ní komorou. Podle hodnot specifické aktivity CO 2, kterou vylu?uje list v temnotě, je mo?no vypo?ítat intensitu dýchání v mg CO 2. Bylo zji?těno, ?e listy cukrovky vylu?ují na světle radioaktivní CO 2, a to jak první tak i druhý den po asimilaci zna?eného CO 2. P?i silném p?eh?ivání list? v komo?e, kdy gazometrickou metodou bylo zji?těno ji? jen dýchání, radiometricky byl stanoven výdej 14CO 2, odpovídající vy??í intensitě dýchaní. Auto?i vysvětlují tuto skute?nost tím, ?e i p?i p?eh?ívaní list? probíha sou?asně s dýchaním fotosyntheticka asimilace kysli?níku uhli?itého, av?ak pasivní bilance CO 2 ve výměně plyn? vede ke zji?těnédýchaní, které je v podstatě rozdílem mezi intensitou piné fotosynthesy a plného dýchaní. Produkce kysli?níku uhli?itého celými listy cukrovky na světle není za normalních podmínek vý?ivy výjime?ným zjevem. 相似文献
3.
In the present scenario of climate change with constantly increasing CO 2 concentration, there is a risk of altered crop performance in terms of growth, yield, grain nutritional value and seed quality. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in open top chamber (OTCs) during 2017–18 and 2018–19 to assess the effect of elevated atmospheric carbondioxide (e[CO 2]) (600 ppm) on chickpea ( cv. JG 14) crop growth, biomass accumulation, physiological function, seed yield and its quality in terms of germination and vigour. The e[CO 2] treatment increased the plant height, leaf and stem biomass over ambient CO 2 (a[CO 2]) treatment. The e[CO 2] increased seed yield by 11–18% which was attributed to an increase in the number of pods (6–10%) and seeds plant −1 (8–9%) over a[CO 2]. However, e[CO 2] reduced the seed protein (7%), total phenol (13%) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (12%) and increased the starch (21%) and water uptake rate as compared to seeds harvested from a[CO 2] environment. Exposing chickpea plant to e[CO 2] treatment had no impact on germination and vigour of the harvested seeds. Also, the physical attributes, total soluble sugar and antioxidant enzymes activities of harvested seeds were comparable in a[CO 2] and e[CO 2] treatment. Hence, the experimental findings depict that e[CO 2] upto 600 ppm could add to the growth and productivity of chickpea in a sub-tropical climate with an implication on its nutritional quality of the produce. 相似文献
4.
CO 2 exchange, transpiration and leaf water potential of Welwitschia mirabilis were measured in three contrasting habitats of the Namib desert. From these measurements stomatal conductance, internal CO 2concentration and WUE were calculated. In two of the three habitats photosynthetic CO 2 uptake decreased and transpiration increased with increasing leaf age while in the third habitat CO 2 uptake increased and transpiration decreased with leaf age. Except for the stomata of young leaf sections in this habitat, stomata closed with increasing δw leading to a pronounced midday depression of CO 2 uptake. The high stomatal limitation of photosynthetic CO 2 uptake of glasshouse-grown plants was verified in the natural habitat. Photosynthetic CO 2 uptake saturated between 800 and 1300 μmol photons m ?2 s ?1depending on leaf age and habitat. CO 2 uptake had a broad temperature optimum declining significantly beyond 32 °C. Predawn leaf water potential reflected water availability and atmospheric conditions in the three habitats and ranged from ? 2.5 to ? 6.2 MPa. There was a pronounced diurnal course of leaf water potential in all habitats. During the day a gradient in water potential developed along the leaf axis with the lowest potential at the leaf's tip. With respect to whole plant balances of CO 2 exchange and transpiration, there were marked differences between Welwitschias in the three habitats. Despite a negative CO 2 balance over a period of five months, leaves in the driest habitat grew constantly at the expense of carbon reserves in the plant. Only at the wettest site did carbon gain exceed carbon demand for growth. The WUE of whole plants was insignificant in all habitats. The results were as contrasting as the habitats and plants and did not allow generalisations about adaptational features of Welwitschia mirabilis. 相似文献
5.
Molecular dynamics simulation was performed to analyse the phenomena of replacement of methane hydrate with carbon dioxide (CO 2) at 270 K and 5.0 MPa for 5300 ps. The methane hydrate phase was constructed with 16 unit cells of hydrate. Every cage in the hydrate was occupied by one methane molecule. The methane hydrate phase was sandwiched between two CO 2 phases. During the simulation the hydrate partially melted and liquid water phase appeared, and CO 2 dissolved in the liquid water phase. The replacements were observed three times at the hydrate–liquid water interface during the simulation. In the first case, the replacement occurred at a S-cage without changing the structure. In the second case, an M-cage of methane hydrate partially collapsed, and methane and CO 2 molecules exchanged. After the exchange, the cage occupied by CO 2 remained in the M-cage structure. In the third case, a S-cage of methane hydrate partially collapsed, and methane and CO 2 molecules exchanged. After the exchange, the cage occupied by CO 2 changed to an M-cage-like structure. 相似文献
6.
The economy of functioning of the developing fruit of white lupin ( Lupinus albus L.) is assessed quantitatively in relation to intake and usage of carbon, nitrogen, and water. Of every 100 units of carbon imported from the parent plant, 52 are incorporated into seeds, 37 into nonmobilizable material of the pod, and the remaining 11 lost as CO 2 to the atmosphere. An illuminated fruit can make net gains of CO 2 from the atmosphere during the photoperiods of all but the last 2 weeks of its life, suggesting that it is active in assimilation of CO 2 respired from pods and seeds. This conservation activity is important to carbon economy. 相似文献
7.
CO 2 depresses water influx into sunflower hypocotyl segments of low water potential; by contrast, it stimulates flux into segments of high water potential. When segments of high potential were placed in a series of mannitol concentrations and allowed to achieve steady rates of water uptake, influx into CO 2-treated tissue in a solution of 3 atm equalled that into control tissue in water. Reasons are given for deducing that a change in internal osmotic concentration (π i) of the order of 40% would be necessary to account for this result on the basis of π i. Direct measurements (by cryoscopy and by the minimum volume method) detected no difference in the steady state value for π i as between CO 2-treated and control tissue. It was therefore concluded that CO 2 had caused some reduction in turgor pressure. Water uptake into tissue treated with CO2 for only the first 2 minutes of a 30-minute period was equal to that into tissue treated continuously with CO2, i.e. 3 times the control value. Ten seconds' CO2 treatment produced a significant stimulation. When the cycles of treatment were repeated the samples receiving flashes of CO2 maintained a rate of water uptake superior to that of the control, whereas influx into continuously treated tissue fell below the control value after 1 hour. CO2 treatment applied in a moist air chamber stimulated subsequent water influx when the tissue was transferred to water. Fifteen seconds' treatment was sufficient to produce a marked effect. Even when a transition period of 30 minutes in the moist chamber was interposed between CO2 treatment (5 minutes) and transfer to water, a stimulation was observed. The CO2 effect could be achieved at zero degrees; 5 minutes' treatment in the moist chamber at zero degrees, followed by a 15-minute transition period at the same temperature, substantially increased subsequent water uptake at 25°. 相似文献
8.
Summary Water conservation is crucial for terrestrial animals such as scorpions which generally live in xeric habitats. One route of water loss is evaporation from their book lungs. In order to save water, scorpions may have a high resistance to gas exchange with the environment. If this is so then the partial pressure of CO 2 in their hemolymph, PCO 2, must be high. Does this affect their acid-base balance? Hemolymph PCO 2 and pH in normally-fed or starved desert-dwelling yellow scorpions Leiurus quinquestriatus were studied in vivo as functions of temperature. An ambient temperature increase (lasting at least 3 days) resulted in a rise of PCO 2 and a fall of pH, with thermal coefficients of 1.6 Torr · °C -1 and-0.016 pH unit · °C -1, respectively. The thermal coefficients for cell-free hemolymph studied in vitro were the same. At 28 °C, 3–6 weeks of starvation led to a 4.8 Torr increase in PCO 2 and a 0.056 unit decrease in pH. The in vivo PCO 2 values are among the highest, and pH values are the lowest of the terrestrial arthropods studied so far, e.g., at 28 °C they are 29 Torr and 7.15 pH respectively. It is argued that this particular acid-base balance with a marked hypercapnia is typical of a successful xeric air-breathing animal.Abbreviations
ABB
acid-base balance
-
PCO 2
partial pressure of CO 2
-
PO 2
partial pressure of O 2 相似文献
9.
CO 2 consumption by silicate weathering has exerted a major control on atmospheric CO 2 over geologic time. In order to assess plant impact on this process, the study compared water geochemistry and CO 2 consumption rates by silicate weathering in watersheds covered by bamboos and other forests. Our study showed that SiO 2 concentrations (80?~?150 μmol/L, average 105 μmol/L) in water from pure bamboo forest watersheds were higher than that (15?~?85 μmol/L, average 60 μmol/L) from other watersheds. Si/(Na silicate?+?K silicate) ratios in water draining from bamboo watersheds (2.0?~?4.0, average 2.9) were higher than that from other watersheds ?>(0.7?~?2.7, average 2.2). CO 2 consumption rates by silicate weathering in bamboo watersheds (1.8?~?3.4 10 5 mol/km 2/yr, average 2.5 10 5 mol/km 2/yr) were higher than that in other watersheds (1.5?~?2.6 10 5 mol/km 2/yr, average 2.0 10 5 mol/km 2/yr). Therefore, bamboo-enhanced silicate weathering is a potential biogeochemical remediation approach for atmospheric CO 2. 相似文献
10.
Byl sledován vliv CO 2 na plasmatické struktury ko?enového vlá?ení p?enice a je?mene a epidermálních buněk cibule. Výsledky byly hodnoceny na ?ivém materiálu pomocí fázového kontrastu. Ko?enové vlá?ení je?mene a epidermis cibule reagují na krátkodobý pobyt v atmosfé?e CO 2 zastavením proudění plasmy, prodlu?ováním mitochondrií a zakulacením plastid?. Déle trvající vliv CO 2 zp?sobuje fragmentaci mitochondrií. V této fázi se buňky nejrychleji vzpamatovávají ze ?oku zp?sobeného pobytem v CO 2. P?íli? dlouhé ovlivňování rostlin atmosférou CO 2 ú?inkuje letálně. Ko?enové vlá?ení p?enice, které má vět?inou zrnité mitochondrie, reagovalo ji? na 40minutový pobyt v CO 2 zakulacením v?ech plasmatických partikulí. Tato pozorování se shodují s výsledky získanými na trvalých preparátech v práci p?ede?lé a vedou k domněnce, ?e fragmentací mitochondrií se buňka p?izp?sobuje ztí?eným podmínkám pro dýchání. 相似文献
11.
The red seaweed Hypnea spinella (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta), was cultured at laboratory scale under three different CO 2 conditions, non-enriched air (360?ppm CO 2) and CO 2-enriched air at two final concentrations (750 and 1,600?ppm CO 2), in order to evaluate the influence of increased CO 2 concentrations on growth, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen removal efficiency, and chemical cellular composition. Average specific growth rates of H. spinella treated with 750 and 1,600?ppm CO 2-enriched air increased by 85.6% and 63.2% compared with non-enriched air cultures. CO 2 reduction percentages close to 12% were measured at 750?ppm CO 2 with respect to 5% and 7% for cultures treated with air and 1,600?ppm CO 2, respectively. Maximum photosynthetic rates were enhanced significantly for high CO 2 treatments, showing P max values 1.5-fold higher than that for air-treated cultures. N–NH 4 + consumption rates were also faster for algae growing at 750 and 1,600?ppm CO 2 than that for non-enriched air cultures. As a consequence of these experimental conditions, soluble carbohydrates increased and soluble protein contents decreased in algae treated with CO 2-enriched air. However, internal C and N contents remained constant at the different CO 2 concentrations. No significant differences in data obtained with both elevated CO 2 treatments, under the assayed conditions, indicate that H. spinella is saturated at dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations close by twice the actual atmospheric levels. The results show that increased CO 2 concentrations might be considered a key factor in order to improve intensively cultured H. spinella production yields and carbon and nitrogen bioremediation efficiencies. 相似文献
12.
WHEN cells and organized tissues are cooled to ?79° C (solid CO 2), ice-crystal formation and its associated damaging effects can be prevented by progressively replacing up to 60% of the tissue water with the non-electrolyte dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). Farrant 1, who suggested this method, found that the functional recovery of smooth muscle cooled in Krebs-based DMSO was better than that obtained with conventional techniques involving freezing and thawing, but the contractility of guinea-pig smooth muscle is still relatively poor after cooling to ?79° C in unfrozen Krebs-based media 2, possibly because of the ionic imbalances such as those which arise when smooth muscle is cooled in normal Krebs solution 3,4. 相似文献
13.
An understanding of fruit gas exchange is necessary to determine the carbon balance in grapevines, but little attention has been paid to the relationships among fruit respiration, plant water status and genetic variability. The effect of plant water status and genotype on cluster respiration was studied over two seasons (2013 and 2014) under field conditions using a whole cluster respiration chamber. Whole cluster CO 2 fluxes were measured in growing grapevines at hard-green, veraison and ripening stages under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, and under light and dark conditions in two grapevine varieties, Tempranillo and Grenache. A direct relationship between cluster CO 2 efflux and plant water status was found at hard-green stage. Genotype influenced the fruit CO 2 efflux that resulted in higher carbon losses in Tempranillo than in Grenache. Fruit respiration rates decreased from the first berry developmental stages to ripening stage. The integration of fruit respiration rates under light and dark conditions showed the magnitude of fruit carbon losses and gains as well as interesting variety and environmental conditions effects on those processes. 相似文献
14.
Stands of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Kadiri‐3) were grown in controlled environment glasshouses at mean atmospheric CO 2 concentrations of 375 or 700 μmol mol ?1 and daily mean air temperatures of 28 or 32°C on irrigated or drying soil profiles. Leaf water (Ψ l) and solute potential (Ψ s), relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (g l) and net photosynthesis (P n) were measured at midday for the youngest mature leaf throughout the growing season. Elevated CO 2 and temperature had no detectable effect on the water relations of irrigated plants, but higher values of RWC, Ψ l and Ψ s were maintained for longer under elevated CO 2 during progressive drought. Turgor potential (Ψ p) reached zero when Ψ l declined to ?1.6 to ?1.8 MPa in all treatments; turgor was lost sooner when droughted plants were grown under ambient CO 2. A 4°C increase in mean air temperature had no effect on Ψ s in droughted plants, but elicited a small increase in Ψ l; midday g l values were lower under elevated than under ambient CO 2, and Ψ l and g l declined below ?1.5 MPa and 0.25 cm s ?1, respectively, as the soil dried. Despite the low g l values recorded for droughted plants late in the season, P n was maintained under elevated CO 2, but declined to zero 3 weeks before final harvest under ambient CO 2. Concurrent reductions in g l and increases in water use efficiency under elevated CO 2 prolonged photosynthetic activity during drought and increased pod yields relative to plants grown under ambient CO 2. The implications of future increases in atmospheric CO 2 for the productivity of indeterminate C 3 crops grown in rainfed subsistence agricultural systems in the semi‐arid tropics are discussed. 相似文献
15.
A 13C/ 12C mass spectrometer was interfaced with a open gas exchange system including four growth chambers to investigate CO 2 exchange components of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) stands. Chambers were fed with air containing CO 2 with known δ13C ( δCΟ2?2.6 or ?46.8‰). The system did not fractionate C isotopes and no extraneous CO 2 leaked into chambers. The on‐line 13C discrimination (Δ) of ryegrass stands in light was independent of δCΟ2 when δCΟ2 was constant. The δ of CO 2 exchanged by the stands in light ( δNd) and darkness ( δRn) differed by 0.7‰, suggesting some Δ in dark respiration at the stand‐level. However, Δ decreased by ~ 10‰ when δCΟ2 was switched from ?46.8 to ?2.5‰, and increased by ~ 10‰ following a shift from ?2.6 to ?46.7‰ due to isotopic disequilibria between photosynthetic and respiratory fluxes. Isotopic imbalances were used to assess (non‐photorespiratory) respiration in light and the replacement of the respiratory substrate pool(s) by new photosynthate. Respiration was partially inhibited by light, but increased during the light period and decreased in darkness, in association with temperature changes. The labelling kinetics of respiratory CO 2 indicated the existence of two major respiratory substrate pools: a fast pool which was exchanged within hours, and a slow pool accounting for ~ 60% of total respiration and having a mean residence time of 3.6 d. 相似文献
16.
Summary Thalli of Ramalina maciformis were moistened to their maximal water holding capacity, thus, simulating actual conditions following a heavy rainfall. Time courses of net photosynthesis at 17° C and 750 E m -2 s -1 light intensity (PAR) were obtained during drying of the thalli. At ambient CO 2 concentrations from 200 to 1,000 ppm, CO 2 uptake of the moist lichens was depressed at high water content. After a certain water loss, net photosynthesis increased to a maximal value and decreased again with further drying of the thalli. The degree of initial depression of photosynthesis decreased with increasing ambient CO 2 concentration, and it was fully absent at 1,600 ppm ambient CO 2. Under these conditions of CO 2 saturation, net photosynthesis remained constant at maximum for many hours and decreased only when substantial amounts of water had been lost. We conclude that the carboxylation capacity of the lichen is not affected by high contents of liquid water. Therefore, the depression of CO 2 uptake of the water saturated lichen at lower (e.g. natural) ambient CO 2 must be due exclusively to increased resistance to CO 2 diffusion from the external air to the sites of carboxylation. 相似文献
17.
In this paper the expression of C 3 and CAM in the resurrection plants Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. and Ramonda serbica Pan?, during the transition from biosis to anabiosis and Wee versa is reported for the first time. The transition from predominantly C 3 metabolism to net dark fixation of CO 2 occurred in leaves of R.serbica during desiccation. Desiccated plants of H. rhodopensis react by reducing light assimilation of CO 2. When watering was resumed night time fixation of CO 2 by R. serbica was observed within 24 hours. The recovery of CO 2 fixation by H. rhodopensis was not seen until the 8 th day. Desiccated and rehydrated plants of H. rhodopensis recapture a higher proportion of respiratory CO 2 than well-watered plants. Since both species have little capacity for water conservation in their tissues, the early onset of high recycling of CO 2 following drought could be an important mechanism for potentially saving water. 相似文献
18.
The increasing [CO 2] in the atmosphere increases crop productivity. However, grain quality of cereals and pulses are substantially decreased and consequently compromise human health. Meta‐analysis techniques were employed to investigate the effect of elevated [CO 2] (e[CO 2]) on protein, zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) concentrations of major food crops (542 experimental observations from 135 studies) including wheat, rice, soybean, field peas, and corn considering different levels of water and nitrogen (N). Each crop, except soybean, had decreased protein, Zn, and Fe concentrations when grown at e[CO 2] concentration (≥550 μmol/mol) compared to ambient [CO 2] (a[CO 2]) concentration (≤380 μmol/mol). Grain protein, Zn, and Fe concentrations were reduced under e[CO 2]; however, the responses of protein, Zn, and Fe concentrations to e[CO 2] were modified by water stress and N. There was an increase in Fe concentration in soybean under medium N and wet conditions but nonsignificant. The reductions in protein concentrations for wheat and rice were ~5%–10%, and the reductions in Zn and Fe concentrations were ~3%–12%. For soybean, there was a small and nonsignificant increase of 0.37% in its protein concentration under medium N and dry water, while Zn and Fe concentrations were reduced by ~2%–5%. The protein concentration of field peas decreased by 1.7%, and the reductions in Zn and Fe concentrations were ~4%–10%. The reductions in protein, Zn, and Fe concentrations of corn were ~5%–10%. Bias in the dataset was assessed using a regression test and rank correlation. The analysis indicated that there are medium levels of bias within published meta‐analysis studies of crops responses to free‐air [CO 2] enrichment (FACE). However, the integration of the influence of reporting bias did not affect the significance or the direction of the [CO 2] effects. 相似文献
19.
We tested the hypothesis that CO 2 supersaturation along the aquatic conduit over Sweden can be explained by processes other than aquatic respiration. A first generalized‐additive model (GAM) analysis evaluating the relationships between single water chemistry variables and pCO 2 in lakes and streams revealed that water chemistry variables typical for groundwater input, e.g., dissolved silicate (DSi) and Mg 2+ had explanatory power similar to total organic carbon (TOC). Further GAM analyses on various lake size classes and stream orders corroborated the slightly higher explanatory power for DSi in lakes and Mg 2+ for streams compared with TOC. Both DSi and TOC explained 22–46% of the pCO 2 variability in various lake classes (0.01–>100 km 2) and Mg 2+ and TOC explained 11–41% of the pCO 2 variability in the various stream orders. This suggests that aquatic pCO 2 has a strong groundwater signature. Terrestrial respiration is a significant source of the observed supersaturation and we may assume that both terrestrial respiration and aquatic respiration contributed equally to pCO 2 efflux. pCO 2 and TOC concentrations decreased with lake size suggesting that the longer water residence time allow greater equilibration of CO 2 with the atmosphere and in‐lake mineralization of TOC. For streams, we observed a decreasing trend in pCO 2 with stream orders between 3 and 6. We calculated the total CO 2 efflux from all Swedish lakes and streams to be 2.58 Tg C yr ?1. Our analyses also demonstrated that 0.70 Tg C yr ?1 are exported to the ocean by Swedish watersheds as HCO 3? and CO 32? of which about 0.56 Tg C yr ?1 is also a residual from terrestrial respiration and constitute a long‐term sink for atmospheric CO 2. Taking all dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes along the aquatic conduit into account will lower the estimated net ecosystem C exchange (NEE) by 2.02 Tg C yr ?1, which corresponds to 10% of the NEE in Sweden. 相似文献
20.
We studied the effects of temperature, carbon dioxide and abscisic acid on mung bean ( Vigna radiata). Plants were grown under 26/22°C or 32/28°C (16?h?light/8?h?dark) at 400 or 700?μmol?mol ?1 CO 2 and received ABA application of 0 or 100?μl (10?μg) every other day for three weeks, after eight days of initial growth, in growth chambers. We measured 24 parameters. As individual factors, in 16 cases temperature; in 8 cases CO 2; in 9 cases ABA; and as interactive factors, in 4 cases, each of temperature?×?CO 2, and CO 2?×?ABA; and in 2 cases, temperature?×?ABA were significant. Higher temperatures increased growth, aboveground biomass, growth indices, photochemical quenching (qP) and nitrogen balance index (NBI). Elevated CO 2 increased growth and aboveground biomass. ABA decreased growth, belowground biomass, qP and flavonoids; increased shoot/root mass ratio, chlorophyll and NBI; and had little role in regulating temperature–CO 2 effects. Abbreviations: AN: net CO2 assimilation; E: transpiration; Fv/Fm: maximum quantum yield of PSII; gs: stomatal conductance; LAR: leaf area ratio; LMA: leaf mass per area; LMR: leaf mass ratio;φPSII: effective quantum yield of PSII; qNP: non-photochemical quenching; qP: photochemical quenching; SRMR: shoot to root mass ratio; WUE: water use efficiency 相似文献
|