矮生菜豆豆荚产量构成因素的通径分析

以8个矮生菜豆品种为材料,研究了单株豆荚产量与其主要构成因素的关系,结果表明,单株豆荚产量及作为豆荚产量构成因素的主茎高、分枝数、花序数、豆荚数、豆荚长和豆荚重在品种间均存在极显著的差异;但这些产量构成因素与单株豆荚产量之间,无论是表型相关系数还是遗传相关系数或是环境相关系数均未达到显著水平。通径分析结果显示,一个与单株豆荚产量关系密切的性状。其对单株豆荚产量的效应总是由于存在一个或多个负向的间接通径系数而被削弱。从而掩盖了该性状对单株豆荚产量的遗传效应,从表型和遗传通径系数看,对单株产量最为重要的是单株结荚数及单株花序数。单株分枝数、主茎高和豆荚重其次。豆荚长则较为次要。根据通径分析结果,就矮生菜豆丰产性育种中各有关性状的选择进行了讨论。     

矮生菜豆胚乳细胞形成时的超微结构研究

应用透射电镜对矮生菜豆的游离核胚乳、胚乳细胞及珠被绒毡层的超微结构进行了观察,揭示了胚乳细胞化过程中自由生长壁的形成方式。实验表明,在游离核胚乳中存在大量有被小泡,胚乳游离核的外层核膜发生明显外突并以出芽的方式产生有被小泡。初始胚乳细胞壁为自由生长壁,大量有被小泡融合于自由生长壁末端使之不断延伸并产生分枝。与珠被绒毡层相邻的胚乳细胞产生发达的壁内突,具有传递细胞特征;在这些细胞中出现大量的核糖体及粗糙内质网,表现现高度的合成活性。     

矮生羽扇豆品种‘画廊’的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称羽扇豆矮生品种‘画廊’（Lupinhis polyphyllus Lindl cv．‘gallery’）。2材料类别种子、根茎。3培养条件种子萌发培养基：（1）MS;生根培养基：（1）MS,（2）1／2MS,（3）MS＋NAA0．1mg·L-1（单位下同）;增殖培养基：（4）MS＋6-BA0．1＋NAA0．01,（5）MS＋6-BA0．2＋NAA0．02,（6）MS＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0．05。培养基中附加0．6％琼脂和3％蔗糖,pH5．8。     

普通型与矮生型梨叶片显微结构比较

应用扫描电镜和石蜡切片方法,对普通型和矮生型梨叶片的显微结构进行比较分析.结果表明:普通型和矮生型梨的叶片上表皮均有大量蜡质分布,气孔均分布在叶片下表皮,而矮生型蜡质层更厚.普通型和矮生型梨气孔器平均长轴×短轴分别为25.42 μm×19.39 μm和29.52 μm×16.85 μm,气孔平均长×宽分别为17.73 μm×5.37 μm和20.59 μm×4.07 μm;普通型和矮生型梨的叶片厚度平均值分别为196.35和227.99 μm,栅栏组织厚度平均值分别为54.93和79.13 μm,栅栏组织/海绵组厚度比平均分别为0.80和1.16.可见,野生型梨的叶片表皮蜡质层更厚,气孔更狭长,开度更小,叶片厚度和栅栏组织厚度显著较大,栅海比大于1,表现出抗旱耐寒的叶片结构特征.     

优良地被 矮生紫薇

矮生紫薇是近几年从国外引进的一个紫薇新品种,其具有早花（当年的播种苗或扦插苗即可开花,有的甚至在扦插就能见到花）、矮生（植株一般不超过１米）、多花、多枝、株型紧凑、耐修剪等特点,可用作花台色块、林缘地被、草坪缀花、花篱花境以及盆花盆景等,在园林绿化中用途广泛,是一种极具开发前途的优良地被植物。上海、江苏等地已开始推广普及。其生物学特性、繁殖方法及栽培管理要点如下：一、生物学特性１．夏季开花,花期长,修剪可以调节花期,若８月上旬修剪,国庆节即可盛花。２．适应性广,能耐零２０℃的低温,耐盐碱、耐水湿…     

荷花品种比较试验

从始蕾、始花期、群体花期、着花密度、株型、花型等方面对41个荷花品种进行比较试验。结果表明,大株型荷花品种以祝福、西湖红莲最好;中小株型以金珠落玉盘、小精灵、绿云、小碧台、玉碗、红宝石、醉半熏、淡云、雨花、桃红小碗、红碗莲、瑶池春暖等12个品种最好,具有较高的观赏价值和商品价值。     

矮生型苹果苗的预选标志

用淀粉凝胶电泳,分析苹果实生苗新梢皮层的过氧化物酶同工酶,其酶9带(A_9)与苹果的矮生习性相关,且不受树龄、苹果类型以及栽培条件等影响。在矮生型苹果育种中,A_9可以作为预选标志,其准确率为86.14%。     

樱桃蕃茄不同栽培方式比较研究

以7个樱桃蕃茄品种为试材,进行不同栽培方式试验,对每个品种在不同栽培方式下的生长势、单果重、可溶性固形物含量、单株前期产量和总产量、农药残留量、亚硝酸盐含量、灌溉排出液的硝酸盐含量及经济效益进行比较分析。结果表明,基质栽培方式是比较理想的栽培模式。从农业综合性状分析,圣女、3688F₁、韩3号为闽南地区适合推广种植的品种。     

Isolation of a tubulin-like protein from Phaseolus

Colchicine binds to a protein fraction isolated from Phaseolus aureus. A protein with characteristics similar to calf brain tubulin, in terms of its MW, elution properties from DEAE cellulose, precipitation by Ca²⁺ ions and Chlorpromazine was detected in whole cell supernatants. This protein consisted of two monomeric subunits with MWs of 56000 and 53000. This protein, tentatively identified as tubulin, was compared by cyanogen bromide peptide mapping with calf brain tubulin.     

Epoxidase/epoxide hydrase activity in cell cultures of Phaseolus vulgaris

The presence of epoxidase and epoxide hydrase enzymes in cell suspension culture of Phaseolus vulgaris is demonstrated. Results indicate high levels of enzyme activity using stilbene and stilbene oxide as substrates.     

Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus,a new leafhopper-transmitted geminivirus of chickpea in India1

A disease of chickpea in India, characterised by chlorosis, severe stunting and phloem browning, was shown to be caused by a geminivirus. This virus was transmitted by the leafhopper Orosius orientalis from chickpea to chickpea and several other plant species. A method for purification of this virus was devised and a polyclonal antiserum produced. The majority of the purified particles were geminate. The size of the coat protein was shown to be 32 kD and the nucleic acid was shown to be circular ssDNA of 2900 nucleotides. By immunosorbent electron microscopy this virus was shown to be unrelated to the leafhopper-transmitted geminiviruses known to infect dicotyledons such as beet curly top, bean summer death and tobacco yellow dwarf viruses. On the basis of particle morphology, leafhopper transmission, host range and serology this virus was considered to be a new, hitherto undescribed, geminivirus and was named chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus.     

不同抗性中稻品种穿插“回”形布局对稻飞虱防控研究

为了探究基于栽培与耕作措施的稻飞虱防治新技术,降低农业生产的植保成本投入。以4个稻飞虱抗性级别的中稻品种（玮两优7713（3级）、华两优10（5级）、F优498（9级）、徽两优粤农丝苗（9级））为材料,研究了不同抗性级别水稻品种穿插“回”形布局对稻飞虱的防治效果。穿插“回”形布局处理全生育期稻飞虱相对发生率为70%~97%,与常规布局相比,未施药处理下穿插“回”形布局处理水稻产量提高2.10%~4.28%,抗性级别越低增产幅度越大;穿插“回”形布局条件下,与施药处理对比,未施药处理水稻减产2.31%~6.11%,抗性级别越低减产幅度越大,可见穿插“回”形布局配合适当的药剂防治的防治效果更好。以不同稻飞虱抗性水稻品种实行穿插“回”形布局可在一定程度上减轻稻飞虱危害,降低产量损失,但具体效果与品种的抗性级别有关,外围品种的抗性级别越高、中心品种的抗性级别越低,就越能够体现穿插“回”形布局栽培模式的优势。     

The DNA-B of the non-phloem-limited bean dwarf mosaic virus (BDMV) is able to move the phloem-limited Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV) out of the phloem,but DNA-B of AbMV is unable to confine BDMV to the phloem

Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV) and bean dwarf mosaic virus (BDMV) are two phylogenetically related bipartite begomoviruses. While AbMV is restricted to phloem, BDMV spreads to non-phloem tissues. Cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of AbMV and BDMV were investigated after replacing the coat protein (CP) gene with the reporter gene encoding the green fluorescence protein (GFP). The DNA-A and DNA-B genomic components of AbMV and BDMV, and their pseudorecombinants (PR), were delivered to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seedlings and detached leaves with DNA-coated microprojectiles. Virus-associated fluorescence was observed with the confocal microscope. Delivery of AbMV and BDMV GFP reporters showed that the epidermal tissue was the main recipient of the viral DNA; the DNA-A of the two viruses was unable to move out of the recipient cells. AbMV DNA-A co-inoculated with AbMV DNA-B did not move from cell to cell in the epidermis and did not reach the phloem. However, co-inoculation of AbMV DNA-A with BDMV DNA-B resulted in PR cell-to-cell movement out of the epidermis and long-distance movement in the phloem. In contrast, BDMV DNA-A moved from cell to cell and over a long distance when co-inoculated with either its own DNA-B or with the DNA-B of AbMV. Thus, the DNA-B of the non-phloem-limited BDMV overcame the phloem limitation of AbMV. In the reciprocal case, the DNA-B of the phloem-limited AbMV did not confine the non-phloem limited BDMV to the phloem. Hence, we assume that the DNA-A component of BDMV includes determinants involved in the movement pattern of the virus in addition to the DNA-B-encoded BC1 and BV1 which have previously been shown to be involved in virus movement. The results also confirm that the CP is not necessary for virus movement; however, replacing the CP of AbMV and BDMV with GFP resulted in a decrease in symptom severity. DNA-B was involved in symptom severity; the B component of BDMV produced symptoms more severe than those induced by that of AbMV, whether in wild-type PRs or in PRs with CP-GFP replacement. It is interesting to note that when the GFP gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter (35S-GFP) was delivered to the bean tissue, with or without the DNA-B component of BDMV, GFP was expressed but did not move from cell to cell. However, when the 35S-GFP was delivered together with BDMV DNA-A and DNA-B, GFP showed cell-to-cell movement in the epidermis but was restricted to these cells. Hence, infection of cells with a functional bipartite begomovirus may facilitate cell-to-cell movement of macromolecules.     

浙江和河北发生的一种水稻、小麦、玉米矮缩病是水稻黑条矮缩病毒引起的

以浙江省的水稻黑条矮缩病和河北省的玉米粗缩病的病毒分离物为材料,对我国南北方两种病毒分离物进行了比较研究。两种病毒分离物的粒子大小形态相似,且在血清学上密切相关;二者的介体、寄主相同,并引起相同的症状,提纯两种病毒分离物的基因组片段凝胶电泳显示它们相应的基因组片段之间大小极相似。根据水稻黑条矮缩病毒（Rice black strecaked dwarf virus),RBSDV的S7和S8设计引物,利用PR－PCR技术,在两种病毒分离物中均可特异扩增到预期大小的片段,序列测定比较分析表明：它们的同源性达97．0％－98．9％,与日本RBSDV的同源性（92．2％－95．5％）高于与意大利MRDV的同源性（76．6％－88．4％）。从而认为我国南方的水稻黑条矮缩病和北方和玉米粗缩病都是同一种病毒－RBSDV引起的,也就是说我国北方的玉米粗缩病病原实际上是水稻黑条矮缩病毒,而不玉米粗缩病毒。