菜豆种质资源RAPD多样性的研究Ⅱ

本研究收集了我国43个栽培品种,国际热带农业中心13个半野生品种,波兰4个矮生品种共60个菜豆品种资源,将其分成三大类型,即蔓生种35个,矮生种12个,半野生种13个,从RAPD标记上进行了研究,探明种内及各种群间的遗传相似度、遗传距离,绘制聚类分析图。综合RAPD标记聚类图,表明:蔓生种群分为五大类;矮生种群分为二大类;半野生种群分为二大类。我国是菜豆的主要育种、栽培地区,收集国内外菜豆种质资源,开展DNA水平的分子标记将有助于了解菜豆种内、各种群间的遗传基础,确定各资源材料间的亲缘关系,为我国菜豆种质资源的保存及培育优良品种工作提供一定的理论依据。     

菜豆种质资源RAPD多样性的研究Ⅰ

收集了国内43个菜豆栽培品种,国际热带农业中心13个半野生品种,波兰4个矮生品种,共60个菜豆品种资源,将其分成三大类型,即蔓生种35个,矮生种12个,半野生种13个,从RAPD标记开展研究,探明种内及各种群间的遗传多样性.采用简易SDS方法从60份菜豆幼叶中提取基因组DNA,使用经过筛选的29个引物共检测到314个位点,多态位点比率为0.854,其中蔓生种多态位点比率最高达0.958,矮生种为0.733,半野生种为0.573,说明60个菜豆种质资源中蔓生种多态位最强.根据Shannon指数和Nei指数的估测,菜豆种内的遗传多样性主要分布于蔓生种群内,在所研究的蔓生、矮生、半野生种群中,蔓生种群的遗传多样性水平最高,矮生种群其次,半野生种群最次.在全部314条扩增带中,有10条谱带分别为蔓生种所特有,矮生种及半野生种分别有1条特征谱带,说明蔓生种的遗传变异水平较大.     

菜豆种质资源RAPD多样性的研究I

收集了国内43个菜豆栽培品种,国际热带农业中心13个半野生品种,波兰4个矮生品种,共60个菜豆品种资源,将其分成三大类型,即蔓生种35个,矮生种12个,半野生种13个,从RAPD标记开展研究,探明种内及各种群间的遗传多样性。采用简易SDS方法从60份菜豆幼叶中提取基因组DNA,使用经过筛选的29个引物共检测到314个位点,多态位点比率为0.854,其中蔓生种多态位点比率最高达0.958,矮生种为0.733,半野生种为0.573,说明60个菜豆种质资源中蔓生种多态位最强。根据Shannon指数和Nei指数的估测,菜豆种内的遗传多样性主要分布于蔓生种群内,在所研究的蔓生、矮生、半野生种群中,蔓生种群的遗传多样性水平最高,矮生种群其次,半野生种群最次,在全部314条扩增带中,有10条谱带分别为蔓生种所特有,矮生种及半野生种分别有1条特征谱带,说明蔓生种的遗传变异水平较大。     

矮生菜豆种子产量及其有关性状的遗传分析

为了明确矮生菜豆种子产量与有关性状的 相互关系,我们对10个品种7个性状的遗传参 数进行了分析,研究各性状对种子产量的相对 重要性,为品种选育提供依据。     

一种含单链DNA的小病毒——菜豆畸矮病毒

本文报告从北京郊区菜豆上分离到的一种小球状病毒。经鉴定是一种含单链DNA(ss-DNA)的病毒,称做菜豆畸矮病毒(Bean distortion dwarf virus, BDDV)。温室人工摩擦接种或白粉虱接种产生病株病状,表现为叶片畸形而变小,色深而质厚,有时带有轻微的花叶;严重时伴有褐色系统坏死,植株矮化,花果减少。寄主范围测定,在人工汁接的5科11种植物中只系统侵染菜豆和豇豆;由白粉虱接种的6科15种植物中除豆科外,还侵染曼陀罗、辣椒、烟草等茄科植物,但不发生局部侵染。     

不同菜豆品种(系)对美洲斑潜蝇种群参数的影响

在温度 (2 7± 1 )℃、湿度为 70 %± 5 %的实验室条件下 ,测定了菜豆属矮生菜豆 (无架 )、西宁豆、83 -B架豆、白花架豆、新春架豆等 5个菜豆品种 (系 )对美洲斑潜蝇种群参数的影响。结果表明 ,美洲斑潜蝇的各虫态发育历期 ,成虫寿命 ,卵、幼虫和蛹的存活率 ,蛹重 ,成虫产卵量和持续产卵期在 5个品种 (系 )间均存在显著性差异 (α=0 .0 5 )。其中美洲斑潜蝇在选择性弱的品种 83 -B架豆上表现为幼虫、蛹的历期最长 ,蛹的存活率最低 ;在选择性强的白花架豆上则表现为卵 -蛹的历期最短 ,幼虫存活率最高 ,蛹重最重     

矮生菜豆豆荚产量构成因素的通径分析

以8个矮生菜豆品种为材料,研究了单株豆荚产量与其主要构成因素的关系,结果表明,单株豆荚产量及作为豆荚产量构成因素的主茎高、分枝数、花序数、豆荚数、豆荚长和豆荚重在品种间均存在极显著的差异;但这些产量构成因素与单株豆荚产量之间,无论是表型相关系数还是遗传相关系数或是环境相关系数均未达到显著水平。通径分析结果显示,一个与单株豆荚产量关系密切的性状。其对单株豆荚产量的效应总是由于存在一个或多个负向的间接通径系数而被削弱。从而掩盖了该性状对单株豆荚产量的遗传效应,从表型和遗传通径系数看,对单株产量最为重要的是单株结荚数及单株花序数。单株分枝数、主茎高和豆荚重其次。豆荚长则较为次要。根据通径分析结果,就矮生菜豆丰产性育种中各有关性状的选择进行了讨论。     

农杆菌菌株及其侵染浓度和时间对基于菜豆黄矮病毒表达载体瞬时表达外源基因的影响

以3种常见的农杆菌菌株(GV3101、EHA105、LBA4404)和基于菜豆黄矮病毒的复制型植物表达载体为材料,利用农杆菌介导的瞬时转化技术,将外源绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因导入本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana L.)叶片中实现瞬时表达,并对不同农杆菌菌株、侵染浓度及侵染时间对于瞬时表达水平的影响进...     

普通菜豆基因组学及抗炭疽病遗传研究进展

普通菜豆是重要的食用豆类之一,在世界各大洲普遍种植。近年来,普通菜豆在遗传图谱构建、新标记开发与利用、抗性基因定位以及比较基因组学等方面取得了很大进展。遗传连锁图谱的构建是基因定位与克隆的基础,是遗传研究中的重要内容;利用分子连锁图谱鉴定、标记和定位抗病基因将在种质改良和分子标记辅助育种方面发挥重要作用。豆科植物比较基因组学的研究成果为菜豆遗传连锁图谱的发展提供了新的思路。本文从普通菜豆遗传连锁图谱的获得、普通菜豆与大豆同线性比较以及抗炭疽病基因定位等方面进行了综述,以期为普通菜豆遗传改良和抗病育种提供参考。 关键词：普通菜豆;遗传连锁图;同线性比较;抗菜豆炭疽病     

水杨酸诱导普通菜豆镰孢菌枯萎病抗病性的研究

普通菜豆是人类主要食用豆类之一,其营养价值高、栽培面积大。镰孢菌枯萎病是普通菜豆典型的土传病害,给普通菜豆生产带来严重损失。水杨酸(SA)被认为是诱导植物抗病反应的重要信号分子之一,参与植物的过敏反应(HR)和系统获得性抗性反应(SAR)。本研究通过不同植物激素处理普通菜豆BRB-130,结果表明,SA处理普通菜豆叶片使植株根中SA的含量升高,并显著提高植株对枯萎病原菌FOP-DM01菌株的抗性。SA诱导普通菜豆根组织中苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶活性及过氧化氢的含量显著升高,从而诱导普通菜豆产生HR和SAR。因此,SA作为普通菜豆抗病信号途径中重要的化学激活因子,能够显著提高普通菜豆对枯萎病原菌的抗病性,为发展环境友好型化学农药提供新的思路。     

Varietal differences in root phosphatase activity as related to the utilization of organic phosphates

This paper presents results of a comparative study of phosphorus utilization from inositol hexaphosphate by various varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris in relation to the activity and characteristics of their root phosphatases. Bean varieties show significant differences in their uptake of phosphorus from inositol hexaphosphate with a clear dependency on the phosphatase activity of their roots at pH 5. The results which are discussed in connection with the phosphorus turnover in the rhizosphere suggest that root phosphatase activity is a significant factor of nutritional efficiency under limited mineral phosphorus supply.     

Effects of weed management systems on canopy insects in herbicide-resistant soybeans

The effects of transgenic herbicide-resistant soybean varieties and their corresponding weed management strategies on canopy insects were examined in studies at two locations in Iowa in 1997 and 1998. Weed management systems that allowed more weed escapes typically had higher insect population densities. However, systems with fewer weeds seemingly were preferred by potato leafhoppers. Bean leaf beetles and potato leafhoppers showed preferences for certain soybean varieties, but these effects were attributed to soybean plant height. These findings indicate that although the transgenic soybean varieties did not strongly affect insect populations, weed management systems can affect insect populations in soybean. However, this impact is likely related more to weed suppression effectiveness than to a direct effect of the herbicides on the insects.     

Novel application of quantitative immunoassays for screening seed globulins of cowpea varieties

Using antibodies raised in rabbits, radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are standardized for cowpea (var. Pusa Barsati) seed globulins. The RIA, when used to screen three stages of seed development, reveals that maximum globulins are detected at 28 days after flowering. When three different varieties of cowpea are assayed for their globulin content by RIA and ELISA, it is observed that the Bold Grain cowpea has the highest amount of related globulin as compared to two other varieties, namely Pusa Phalgun and Asparagus Bean.NCL Communication No. 3821.     

Antixenosis resistance to Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera:Aphididae) in bean cultivars

Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is heteroecious and polyphagous that is harmful on secondary hosts such as many important agricultural products like beet, common bean, faba bean, potato and other products. This aphid is the cause of more than 33 viral transition. One of the mechanisms of plant resistance is antixenosis. This mechanism influences on placement and nutrition of pests that result in less damage. In this study, antixenosis resistance mechanism of 12 varieties of bean was tested. Experiment was on completely randomised design with 12 treatments and 6 replications. Bean varieties include of white bean, kidney bean and wax bean, and each replication includes one pot, and then, pots were placed under the isolated room that were filled with winged adult aphids in circular form. After 24 and 48?h, aphids and level of nymph production were counted. The lowest number of adult aphids was observed on Sayad variety among 12 varieties (during 24?h). The least number of produced nymphs was in Daneshkade variety. In Sayad variety, the frequency of matured insects and produced nymphs was minimum.     

菜豆ANK基因家族鉴定及ANK25的表达模式分析

锚蛋白重复序列模体是生物体内最普遍的蛋白质序列模体之一,在多种细胞活动中主要介导蛋白质-蛋白质的相互作用。本研究利用菜豆基因组数据库,通过生物信息学手段对菜豆ANK家族成员及分子生物学特性进行了鉴定。结果显示,菜豆基因组中含有30个ANK家族基因,分布于9条染色体上,其中第5条染色体上含有的ANK基因最多,包含13个基因。蛋白结构域分析发现,ANK25除了含有ANK结构域外还含有RING结构域。亚细胞定位结果显示,ANK25主要分布在细胞膜上。表达模式分析发现,ANK25对干旱、盐和ABA胁迫有响应。本研究为进一步研究菜豆ANK的分类及功能提供了有利的依据。     

The binding of zinc(II) to Mung Bean Nuclease. A voltammetric study

Binding of zinc to Mung Bean Nuclease was investigated by anodic stripping voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. These methods rely on the direct monitoring of the oxidation current of zinc in the absence and presence of Mung Bean Nuclease. Titration curves of Zn(2+) with the enzyme were obtained in concentrations ranging from 1.08x10(-9) to 1.07x10(-8) M and 1.16x10(-8) to 1.04x10(-7) M. The acquired data were used to calculate the dissociation constant and the stoichiometry of the complex. The binding sites of zinc in the Mung Bean Nuclease molecule were investigated using cyclic voltammetry. Two types of binding sites for zinc were identified and were attributed to a mononuclear exposed zinc-binding site with catalytic function and to an inaccessible binuclear zinc-binding site with structural functions.     

Occurrence,distribution and seasonal changes of viruses infecting common bean in northwestern Iran

Many surveys were conducted during 2003–2005 to study the identity, prevalence and fluctuation of bean infecting viruses in northwestern Iran. In total, 649 bean samples with virus- like symptoms were collected and analysed by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and tissue-print immunoassay to detect infectious viruses. Serological tests revealed the presence of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Bean leaf roll virus (BLRV), Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) and Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV), with some co-infection occurred, with prevalence of BCMV, BCMNV and BYMV (17–29% infection rate). The incidence of viruses showed variation in over 3 years of research including more than double increase in CMV from 2004 to 2005 and obvious one-third decrease in AMV from 2003 to 2005. SBMV and BPMV were detected sporadically in the fields and the response of some differential test plants was analysed by mechanical inoculation. Western immunoblotting analysis of SBMV infected bean leaf total proteins using SBMV-specific polyclonal antibody revealed viral CP with molecular mass of 28.5 kDa which confirmed the presence of SBMV as a new threat for bean production.     

Distribution and impact of virus associated diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in northern Iran

Different viral diseases infect common bean crops in Iran. A total of 248 symptomatic samples were collected from common bean fields throughout main growing fields of Guilan province in Iran during the summer of 2006. Eight viruses were detected using double antibody-sandwich – enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Bean common mosaic virus – BCMV (1%), Bean leaf roll virus – BLRV (9%), Cowpea mild mottle virus – CpMMV (6%), Southern bean mosaic virus – SBMV (3%), Cucumber mosaic virus – CMV (15%), Bean golden mosaic virus – BGMV (2%), Bean common mosaic necrosis virus – BCMNV (1%) and Bean yellow mosaic virus – BYMV (1%) were detected. Comparatively CMV (15%) was found to be more prevalent in Guilan province. Multiple infections of viruses were recorded in many samples. Weed species belonging to Chenopodiaceae, Solanaceae, Malvaceae and Amaranthaceae families were also found to be infected with the viruses.     

二氧化硫对墨西哥豆瓢虫的影响

空气污染对害虫的影响,国内尚无研究报道。本文报道了作者在美国农业研究中心植物胁迫实验室进行的部分工作。实验结果表明,在0.30ppmSO_2的作用下,墨西哥豆瓢虫(Epilachna varivestis)的取食量和蛹重增加;与未受污染的寄主植物相比,豆瓢虫偏食受污染的植物;而且有嗜食含较高糖分寄主植物的倾向;在污染空气中长成的成虫可消耗更多的植物物质。     

Occurrence of latent virus infection in visually-rated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) seedlings

Abstract

The presence of latent infections was studied in five cowpeas varieties. Seeds of the varieties were planted and the seedlings inoculated with antigens from Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) genus Cucumovirus, Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) genus Potyvirus (Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus strain), Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) genus Sobemovirus and Cowpea mottle virus (CPMoV) genus Carmovirus seven days after planting. Seedlings expressing symptoms were rouged at two weeks after inoculation, while asymptomatic ones were subjected to serological indexing to detect the presence/absence of latent infection. Protein A-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PAS ELISA) was employed for the serological detection of CMV, SBMV and CPMoV, while antigen-coated plate (ACP) ELISA was used to detect BCMV in the asymptomatic plants. Cowpea seedlings without virus symptoms but with positive serological reactions were considered as being latently infected. All of the inoculated TVu 1272 and SuVita-2 plants showed symptoms consistent with CMV and CPMoV infections, respectively. The rate of CMV latent infection was high in TVu 1179 (14.5%), low in SuVita-2 (1.3%) but not recorded in TVu 1272.