Genome sequences and description of novel exopolysaccharides producing species Komagataeibacter pomaceti sp. nov. and reclassification of Komagataeibacter kombuchae (Dutta and Gachhui 2007) Yamada et al., 2013 as a later heterotypic synonym of Komagataeibacter hansenii (Gosselé et al. 1983) Yamada et al., 2013

Strains T5K1 and AV446 isolated from apple cider vinegars during a submerged vinegar production in two separate vinegar facilities showed 94% 16S rRNA gene similarity to its closest neighbors Komagataeibacter maltaceti LMG 1529^T and Gluconacetobacter entanii LTH 4560^T. Further phylogenetic and phenotypic characterizations indicated that the isolates belonged to a novel species of the Komagataeibacter genus. Comparison based on 16S–23S rRNA gene ITS sequences and concatenated partial sequences of the housekeeping genes dnaK, groEL and rpoB, grouped both strains to a single phylogenetic cluster well separated from the other species of the Komagataeibacter genus. Average nucleotide identity of T5K1 and AV446 draft genome sequences compared to other Komagataeibacter type strains was below 94% and at the same time, in-silico DNA–DNA hybridization was below 70%. Both strains on the other hand showed approximately 98% (average nucleotide identity) and 87% (in silico DNA–DNA hybridization) similarity to each other. Strains T5K1 and AV446 can be differentiated from other Komagataeibacter type strains based on their ability to produce 2-keto-d-gluconic acid and at the same time inability to produce 5-keto-d-gluconic acid. Furthermore, strains of the new species do not grow on Asai medium supplemented with d-glucose or d-mannitol. The growth is also absent (T5K1) or weak (AV446) on Hoyer–Frateur medium supplemented with afore mentioned sugars. Both strains produce cellulose. In addition, draft genome analysis revealed that strains T5K1 and AV446 possess genes involved in the synthesis of acetan-like extracellular heteropolysaccharide. We propose the name Komagataeibacter pomaceti sp. nov. for the new species with LMG 30150^T [= CCM 8723^T = ZIM B1029^T] as the type strain. Data collected in this study and in a previous study also revealed that Komagataeibacter kombuchae is a later heterotypic synonym of Komagataeibacter hansenii.     

始新世海鸟基辅鸟(Kievornis Averianov et al.,1990)新材料及其亲缘关系的重新评估(英文)

描述了始新世基辅鸟类新标本。研究表明基辅鸟类生活在特提斯海中始新世早路特期至早巴顿期,分布范围至少包括乌克兰东部的伊克夫到中部的基辅地区。暂时将基辅鸟归人鹱形目。虽然基辅鸟具有一些鹱形目的典型特征,但缺少鹱形目的衍生特征,或许代表了近祖状态。     

Early human dispersals into the Iberian Peninsula: a comment on Martínez et al.(2010) and Garcia et al. (2011)

Garcia et al. (2011) recently discussed early human dispersals into the Iberian Peninsula, describing several putative lithic artifacts (Martínez et al., 2010) recovered from layer 7 of the Vallpara díssection (Madurell-Malapeira et al., 2010) in Terrassa (Vallès-Penedès Basin, Catalonia, Spain). According to the authors' opinion, such evidence (1) fills a gap in the chronology of early human occupation in Iberia, (2) indicates that these populations had primary and early access to carcasses, and (3) confirms that early human populations were equipped with advanced cultural traits enabling them to survive in unfavourable climatic conditions. We argue below that the record of human activity at Vallparadís (Martínez et al., 2010;Garcia et al., 2011) is doubtful and even that if confirmed, a chronological gap would remain (contra Garcia et al., 2011). Additional remarks on assertions by these authors on the Vallparadís geology, taphonomy and paleonvironment are also provided.     

Wolbachia (Rickettsiales) infections and bee (Apoidea) barcoding: a response to Gerth et al.

In a recent Perspective, Gerth et al. (2011) expressed concern over how Wolbachia (Wolbachia pipientis Hertig) infections may affect the success of DNA barcoding efforts in bees. The potential and realized effects of endosymbiont-induced selective sweeps on host mitochondrial DNA diversity have been noted repeatedly – and rightly so – in the literature for some years. However, we are equally concerned with other misconceptions, including (a) presuming that a positive Wolbachia test indicates a stable infection, (b) presuming that Wolbachia-infected hosts cannot be identified with a single-locus barcode, and (c) inferring specific Wolbachia–mtDNA interactions based only on incomplete genotyping of Wolbachia strains. We address these issues in the context of the Gerth et al. (2011) survey of Wolbachia prevalence among the German bee fauna. We also clarify some of the context-dependent strengths and limitations of DNA barcoding when it is used as a research tool by taxonomists and ecologists.     

命名建议书——以Lopadaspis代替Discaspis Wang et al.,2001

最近 ,Ｃ .Ｆ .Ｋａｍｍｅｒｅｒ教授来信告知 ,Ｄｉｓｃａｓｐｉｓ这一属名已被ＬｉｎＫ .Ｓ .教授于 1 988年在记述中国台湾的昆虫时首先使用了。因此 ,作者建议以新的属名Ｌｏｐａｄａｓｐｉｓ代替Ｄｉｓ ｃａｓｐｉｓ。Ｌｏｐａｄ (Ｇｒ.)义为平盘。在此 ,对Ｋａｍｍｅｒｅｒ教授的提示和建议表示感谢。Ｌｏｐａｄａｓｐｉｓ,ｎｅｗｎａｍｅｆｏｒＤｉｓｃａｓｐｉｓＷａｎｇｅｔａｌ.,2 0 0 1ＷｅｈａｖｅｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｂｅｅｎｉｎｆｏｒｍｅｄｂｙＰｒｏｆ.Ｃ .Ｆ .ＫａｍｍｅｒｅｒｔｈａｔｔｈｅｇｅｎｅｒｉｃｎａｍｅＤｉｓｃ…     

Speciation and chromosomal evolution of the Palearctic species of chironomids of the genus Sergentia Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae): Divergence of the Karyotypes of S. baueri Wülker et al., 1999, S. prima Proviz et al., 1997, S. electa Proviz et al., 1999 and their relationship with the endemic species from Baikal lake

The banding structures of chromosomes of three Palearctic species of chironomids of the genus Sergentia Kieffer, 1922 from the Irkutsk reservoir were comparatively analyzed: S. baueri Wülker et al., 1999 (2n = 8), S. prima Proviz et al., 1997 (2n = 8), and S. electa Proviz et al., 1999 (2n = 6). The S. baueri karyotype was taken as a standard in chromosome mapping. It was established that in contrast to S. baueri and S. prima the S. electa karyotype was formed due to a complex translocation: transfer of chromosome IV in the median part of chromosome III. The sequences of chromosome I bands were found to be completely homologous in all Palearctic species and in S. rara Proviz et al., 1999 (2n = 8) taken as the original species in the group of Baikalian endemics. In both groups, seven homozygous inversions were detected, of which the common one is the inversion in chromosome III. It was assumed on the basis of the results of the karyological analysis that among the Palearctic species S. baueri is most similar to the Baikalian endemics and S. electa is phylogenetically closer to S. prima. Specific features of the chromosome and morphological evolutions of the Sergentia genus species are considered.     

中国森林生物量的估算：对Fang et al.

 Science杂志于2001年发表了方精云等人关于中国森林植被碳库及其变化的论文(Fang et al., 2001, 291: 2320～2322)。该文利用大量的生物量实测数据,结合使用中国50年来的森林资源清查资料及相关的统计资料,基于生物量换算因子连续函数法,研究了中国森林植被碳库及其时空变化。这是一个大时空尺度的工作,涉及一些大尺度生态学研究的原理、方法以及尺度转换问题。由于篇幅所限,论文并未详细说明这些问题。为了帮助理解大尺度生态学研究的方法和思路,本文给出了论文中涉及生物量计算的理论基础,对     

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a new hypotrich ciliate,Anteholosticha songi nov. spec., and an American population of Holosticha pullaster (Müller, 1773) Foissner et al., 1991 (Ciliophora,Hypotrichia)

A new urostylid ciliate, Anteholosticha songi nov. spec., isolated from forest soil in Tibet, and an American population of Holosticha pullaster (Müller, 1773) Foissner et al., 1991, isolated from a freshwater pond in the USA, are investigated in terms of their morphology, ontogenesis, and molecular biology. Anteholosticha songi nov. spec. is characterized by a slender to ellipsoidal body measuring 160–205 × 40–55 μm in vivo; rod-shaped yellowish cortical granules arranged in irregular short rows; four dorsal kineties; adoral zone consisting of 35–40 membranelles; three frontal, one buccal, one parabuccal, two frontoterminal, two pretransverse, and four to six transverse cirri and 14–25 midventral pairs; 12–22 ellipsoidal macronuclear nodules longitudinally arranged in pairs left of cell mid-line. Supplemental information on morphogenesis in Holosticha pullaster is also presented. The phylogenetic relationship of Anteholosticha and Holosticha inferred from SSU rDNA sequence data are concordant with previous studies and showing that Holosticha is monophyletic whereas Anteholosticha is polyphyletic and should be split into two or more genera.     

Assessing significance under the RMA ? moving forwards: a reply to Walker et al. (2008)

Walker et al. (2008) are critical of the methods used by ecologists and others with ?vested interests? to identify significant biodiversity values and provide for their protection under the Resource Management Act (1991) (RMA), particularly the use of the draft criteria proposed in Norton & Roper-Lindsay (2004). However, we believe that their criticism is flawed because of their failure to fully understand the context of the Norton?Roper-Lindsay criteria; unjustified presumptions they make about the roles of ecologists in assisting those applying for resource consents and administering the RMA; and a failure to take into account the current realities of native biodiversity conservation for those parts of New Zealand covered by the RMA. In this reply we address these issues and outline a way to move forwards in this debate.     

Pachnobium dreuxi n. g., n. sp., ses occurrences modernes et fossiles sur l’archipel Crozet (Coléoptère Curculionidae Ectemnorrhininae)

Pachnobium dreuxi, nouvelle espèce et nouveau genre de Curculionidae Ectemnorrhininae des îles Crozet, dans l’Océan Indien sud, a été découvert sous forme fossile dans une séquence sédimentaire holocène. Deux spécimens modernes ont ensuite été trouvés parmi le matériel conservé au Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle de Paris. Il diffère très nettement de toutes les autres espèces connues de la sous-famille par son rostre profondément émarginé au sommet, sa tête massive, sa sclérotinisation réduite, ses tibias antérieurs droits et aplatis, etc. Sa biologie et son écologie sont presque entièrement inconnues, bien que certains aspects de sa morphologie comme sa faible sclérotinisation et ses yeux relativement petits soient en faveur d’une vie cachée, voire hypogée, par exemple dans la litière végétale ou dans les nids de pétrels. Les reconstructions paléoenvironnementales suggèrent qu’il fréquente des habitats à végétation dense. L’absence de captures modernes à l’île de la Possession pose la question de sa présence actuelle dans cette localité.