新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区荒漠优势种体内的水分来源

植物体内各水分来源的比例反映植物的适应特征,在水分作为限制因子的荒漠区,其更是物种间生态位分化、荒漠多样性维持的重要机理之一。通过检测艾比湖湿地自然保护区内4个生境(荒漠、河岸林、盐沼地和沙丘)的8科14种优势种的木质部,以及当地河水、地下水、4层不同深度(0—40,40—70,70—100 cm和100—150 cm)土壤水的稳定氧同位素值(δ~(18)O),估算各物种和各科植物体内各种水分来源的比例,随后依据根系的空间位置再将14种植物分成13个中深根系和1个浅根系物种,进一步利用δ~(18)O值分析深浅根系植物间的水分差别,以及各水源间的补给关系。结果表明:(1)艾比湖湿地自然保护区内,不同物种体内水分来源存在差别。将所有优势物种按科属归类后,类似物种水平,不同科属植物体内的水分来源也存在差别;(2)地下水是大部分植物的主要补给水源,多数植物很少利用0—40 cm表层土壤水;(3)深浅根系植物的水分来源不同,深根系植物主要利用地下水和河水,而浅根系植物主要利用土壤水;(4)艾比湖湿地自然保护区内,地下水补给河水,随后两者共同从土壤深层至浅层依次补给土壤水。综上可知:干旱荒漠内,水源可利用性的多样化,导致不同区域植物体内各水分来源的比例存在差别。在离河岸距离、地下水位高低、土壤表层盐渍化程度等因素的综合影响下,多年生和盐渍环境生长的植物,趋向于吸收地下水、河水和深层土壤水,相反,一年生或短命植物趋向于利用其能触及到的各种水源。     

黄金分割法结合动态设计优选盐黄柏提取工艺

采用黄金分割法结合正交设计以及动态设计对盐黄柏提取工艺参数进行优选。以HLPC法测定盐酸小檗碱、木兰花碱、盐酸小檗红碱、黄柏碱、巴马汀、药根碱得率,黄金分割法初选正交设计时间范围,单因素设计优选溶剂比,基于黄金分割法及单因素设计采用正交设计优选提取溶剂比、提取次数、提取时间。以正交设计优选方案为基础,用动态设计进一步优化盐黄柏的提取工艺参数。结果表明,盐黄柏的优选提取工艺为:提取次数:2次;容积比:1∶25;超声时间:第一次超声60 min,第二次超声20 min;盐酸小檗碱、木兰花碱、盐酸小檗红碱、黄柏碱、巴马汀、药根碱提取率分别为6,51、1,48、0,67、0,62、5,01、73,22 mg/g。因此,黄金分割法结合正交设计、动态设计对盐黄柏提取工艺参数进行优选基本可行,可作为中药提取工艺的筛选方法之一。     

自制化腐溶液治疗蛇伤溃烂经验

近年来,笔者治疗蛇伤后遗留下大面积溃烂,应用中草药,制成“化腐溶液”用于临床很有疗效.现将“化腐溶液”的方药组成和药理报导于下:一、方药组成:黄柏100克虎杖100克硼酸30克利多卡因30毫升.二、制法:将黄柏、虎杖同时浸入150毫升灭菌水中,经48小时后过滤,进行高压消毒,最后加入硼酸、利多卡因,使用时将灭菌纱条浸入.三、换药方法:先按常规消毒创面,清除坏死组织.然后把药纱条湿敷创面,每日换药1—2次.四、方解:明代医家李时珍指出“蛇虽阴毒,却是火口”即火毒也,若蛇毒侵入机体,常湿热互结     

一测多评法测定不同产地黄柏炭中4种生物碱含量

为建立同时测定不同产地黄柏炭中4种生物碱成分(黄柏碱、木兰花碱、小檗红碱、小檗碱)的一测多评法。实验以小檗碱为内参物,基于HPLC法建立小檗碱与其它成分的相对校正因子,并用校正因子计算4种成分的含量;用外标法和一测多评法同时测定30批黄柏炭样品的含量。结果表明30批黄柏炭样品的外标法与一测多评法结果之间无明显差异,说明了一测多评法的准确性和可行性。因此在缺乏对照品的情况下,以小檗碱为内参物同时测定黄柏碱、木兰花碱、小檗红碱的含量是可行的。该方法准确性和重复性良好,可用于黄柏炭的质量控制。     

酸酯碱成分结合指纹图谱优选盐黄柏炮制工艺

通过测定三大类成分含量,结合盐黄柏指纹图谱优选盐黄柏炮制工艺。采用HLPC-DAD法测定盐黄柏中6种生物碱以及2种酸类、1种内酯,共9种,3大类成分含量。以AHP法确定各指标成分权重,综合评分结合指纹图谱,通过单因素及正交设计实验,定性定量的分析炮制温度、炮制时间、炒药量对盐黄柏炮制的影响,优选盐黄柏炮制工艺。优选炒制工艺为:180℃,20 min,300 g药材(占容器体积1/4)。三大类成分结合指纹图谱优选的盐黄柏炮制工艺稳定、可行;此外,该方法可用于类似工艺的筛选。     

黄柏再生皮小蘖碱含量研究

黄柏(Phellodendron amurense)树皮为常用清热解毒中药材。黄柏剥皮再生新皮试验的成功,为扩大黄柏药源提供了新途径。为了大面积推广,作者对黄柏再生皮(二年生、三年生)主要药用成分进行了定性定量检查,检测结果表明,再生皮和原生皮与商品黄柏的成分和含量基本一致,作药材是可行的。     

川黄柏野生资源调查研究

目的：摸清川黄柏野生资源消长状况及成因,查明川黄柏野生资源保护和管理方面存在的问题,为加强川黄柏野生资源保护与管理提供决策基础和依据。方法：文献研究,赴四川省和重庆市两个川黄柏省级主产区实地走访调查与现地调查。结果：由于管理不力,产地毁灭性砍伐,川黄柏野生资源现已濒临灭绝。结论：强化川黄柏野生资源保护宣传与监管,建立种质资源库,保存种质资源。     

江西蛇药集锦

青龙蛇药(鹰潭市蛇伤防治研究所) 组方:青本香、龙胆草、黄莲、黄芩、黄柏、生大黄、白芷、一见喜、半边莲、苦瓜莲。加工方法:黄莲、青木香、白芷、苦瓜莲共研细末;大黄、一见喜、龙胆草、黄芩、黄柏、半边莲等味,以水煎取汁浓缩成膏,与上药末和     

黄柏等中草药对MRSA的抑菌作用及其对质粒的消除作用

研究黄柏等10种中草药对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的抑菌作用及黄柏和甘草对MRSA的质粒消除作用。采用牛津杯法测定中草药对耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用;逐个检出法测定黄柏和甘草对临床分离的MRSA多重耐药菌株的质粒消除作用。结果显示,在10种中草药中,黄柏和甘草对MRSA的抑制作用最好,其对MRSA的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)均是1 mg/mL,且抑菌效果在一定浓度范围内随药液浓度的增大而增强。黄柏和甘草对MRSA的质粒有消除作用,药物作用48 h后,黄柏和甘草对MRSA的质粒消除率分别为17%和12.2%。结果表明,黄柏和甘草对MRSA有显著抑制作用,且对MRSA的质粒有消除作用。     

基于双稳定同位素和MixSIAR模型的冬小麦根系吸水来源研究

灌溉和施肥措施对农田水文循环具有重要影响,根系吸水是联系植物蒸腾和土壤水分运动的关键水文过程,定量识别灌溉施肥影响下作物根系吸水来源对农业用水优化管理具有重要意义。氘氧稳定同位素(D和18O)是追溯农田水分运移过程的理想天然示踪剂。基于2013—2015年北京市典型农田不同灌溉施肥处理冬小麦水分运移试验,利用D和18O双稳定同位素和MixSIAR贝叶斯混合模型,量化冬小麦主要根系吸水深度及其贡献比例,阐明作物水分来源的季节变化及不同处理间的差异,分析根系吸水与土壤水分分布变化的相互关系。研究结果表明:两季冬小麦返青-拔节、拔节-抽穗、抽穗-灌浆和灌浆-收获期主要根系吸水深度均值分别为0—20 cm(67.0%)、20—70 cm(42.0%)、0—20 cm(38.7%)和20—70 cm(34.9%),但季节变化差异显著,2014季主要吸水深度随作物的生长发育而逐渐增加,2015季则主要集中于浅层土壤(0—70 cm)。返青-抽穗期仅灌水20 mm或施肥105 kg/hm2N促使拔节-抽穗期深层(70—200 cm)土壤水分利用率平均增加29%,而前期充分灌水且大量施肥(≥当地施肥量210 kg hm-2N)时拔节-抽穗期根系吸水深度为土壤表层0—20 cm。在干旱少雨的冬小麦生长季内作物吸水来源与土壤水分消耗变化基本一致。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.