Fate and bioavailability of phosphorus loaded to iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles added to weathered soils

Aims

The low phosphorus (P) fertilizer use efficiency in weathered, P deficient soils calls for better fertilizer formulations. We previously formulated nanoparticles containing P (NP-P) that were a successful fertilizer in nutrient solution. This study was set up to test the fate and the bioavailability of nanofertilizer-P and of that of native (colloid) P naturally present in soil.

Methods

The NP-P consisted of nano-ferrihydrite (~ 10 nm) loaded with phosphate (P-nFh) and stabilized with either natural organic matter (NOM) or hexametaphosphate (HMP). Natural colloid concentrations were increased with KOH addition, as deflocculating agent, to soil; all tests used samples from P deficient, highly weathered soils.

Results

Pot trials with rice seedlings did not reveal larger P uptake in the NP-P amended soils compared to equal doses of soluble PO₄ or soluble HMP. Total Fe concentrations in soil solutions were unaffected by NP-P addition, whereas natural colloidal Fe and P markedly increased by KOH addition. The bioavailability of native colloidal P, mobilized by KOH addition, could not be assessed due to lack of growth, likely related to collapse of the soil structure.

Conclusions

This study showed that P-loaded iron oxyhydroxide NPs insufficiently enhanced soluble P in soil to offer benefits over soluble fertilizers, likely because of a combined effect of lower diffusivity of NPs compared to P_i and lower bioavailability of NP-P than P_i. Smaller particles or small labile organic colloids might offer an improvement in both aspects.

     

Fractions and spatial distributions of agricultural riparian soil phosphorus in a small river basin of Taihu area,China

Soil samples were collected from three different ranks riparian soil profiles in a small river basin of Taihu area in China. The method of modified Hedley phosphorus sequential fraction was employed to characterize soil phosphorus fractions. The results showed that the riparian soil total phosphorus (TP) contents, organic phosphorus (OP) and inorganic phosphorus (IP) of the basin ranged from 234.98 to 542.29, 49.76 to 73.81, 161.17 to 492.54 mg kg^?1, respectively. HCl-P_i, NaOH-P_i and residual P_i were the major part of IP, accounting for 28, 28 and 26% of IP respectively, but NaHCO₃-P_i was accounted for 18% of IP. Overall, the various forms of phosphorus, except for Residual P, had a decreasing trend with soils depth. The vertical distributions of TP and IP had same rank order (Riparian Hejiabang > Riparian wuxidang > Riparian Yincungang), while the opposite trend was observed for OP. Surface soils in Riparian Yincungang had lower SOM (soil organic matters):OP ratios than Riparian Wuxidang and Riparian Hejiabang, reflecting the higher probability of OP mineralization in uncultivated soils. Besides, there was significant correlation between phosphorus fractions and SOM, bulk density and capillary porosity.     

Soluble fractions of phosphorus compounds and alkaline phosphatase activity in loch creran and loch etive,Scotland

Reactive phosphorus, polyphosphate, monophosphate ester, dissolved organic phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase activity were measured in Loch Creran and Loch Etive. Argyll, Scotland during the spring outburst of 1976. In addition, data on chlorophyll a, phacopigment, and salinity were obtained on each occasion.The mean levels of reactive phosphorus initially present in Loch Creran and Loch Etive were 0.50 and 0.22 μg-at. PO₄?P/I, respectively. As the diatom bloom progressed, it fell below the limit of detection. The mean values of polyphosphate were between 0.05–0.08 μg-at. PO₄?P/l in Loch Creran and 0.04 μg-at. PO₄?P/l in Loch Etive, and although present at the initiation and decline of the bloom, it was absent when chlorophyll a was high and the reactive phosphorus was low or undetectable. Monophosphate ester, was found in Loch Creran only, and then in the same concentration as that of the polyphosphate fraction. The mean levels of the dissolved organic phosphorus in Loch Creran and Loch Etive ranged between 0.08–0.18 μg-at. PO₄-P/l and 0.05–0.08 μg-at. PO₄?P/l, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected when there was no reactive phosphorus in the water: the highest values in Loch Creran and Loch Etive were 0.003 and 0.005 I.U. of enzyme/4 ml of sample, respectively. The highest mean values of chlorophyll a were 8.0 μg/l in Loch Creran, and 6.0 μg/l in Loch Etive. The mean percentages of phaeopigment fluctuated between 20–55% in Loch Creran and 30–65% in Loch Etive. The highest values were found at the end of the bloom. The mean surface salinities ranged from 22.0 to 31.0‰ in Loch Creran and 3.7 to 17.0‰ in Loch Etive. The lowest values were recorded at the end of the bloom. The statistical treatment of the data, suggests a strong relationship between zooplankton grazing and levels of dissolved phosphorus compounds and phaeopigment.     

Recovery of soil phosphorus on former bauxite mines through tropical forest restoration

Soil phosphorus (P) is a major driver of forest development and a critically limited nutrient in tropical soils, especially when topsoil is removed by mining. This nutrient can be present in soils in the form of different fractions, which have direct consequences for P availability to plants and, consequently, for restoration success. Therefore, understanding how the stocks of different soil P fractions change over the restoration process can be essential for guiding restoration interventions, monitoring, and adaptive management. Here, we investigated the recovery of soil P fractions by forest restoration interventions on bauxite mine sites in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We assessed the concentration of different fractions of soil organic and inorganic P at (1) a bauxite mine prepared for restoration; (2) two former bauxite mines undergoing forest restoration for 6 and 24 years; and (3) an old‐growth forest remnant. Overall, restored areas recovered levels of labile organic P (P_o‐NaHCO₃) at 5–40 cm and of moderately labile organic P (P_o‐NaOH) at different depths, exhibiting concentrations similar to those found in a conserved forest. The use of P‐rich fertilizers and forest topsoil may have greatly contributed to this outcome. Some other fractions, however, recovered only after 24 years of restoration. Other inorganic P fractions did not differ among mined, restored, and conserved sites: nonlabile P_i (residual P and P‐HCl), labile P_i (P_i‐NaHCO₃), and moderately labile P_i (P_i‐NaOH). Forest restoration was able to promote efficient recovery of important soil P fractions, highlighting the value of restoration efforts to mitigate soil degradation by mining.     

Changes in soil phosphorus fractions following positive and negative phosphorus balances for long periods

The effect of phosphorus (P) balance (addition, in both fertilizers and farmyard manure (FYM), minus removal in crops) on eight soil P fractions determined by sequential extraction, was measured on archived soils from various long-term experiments run by Rothamsted Experimental Station in the United Kingdom. It has been established unequivocally that, for all the soils investigated, no one of the eight P fractions was increased or decreased during long periods of P addition or depletion, respectively. However, changes were mainly in the resin (24–30%) and the inorganic (P_i) component of the four fractions extracted sequentially by 0.5 M NaHCO₃, 0.1 M NaOH, 1.0 M NaOH, 0.5 M H₂SO₄ (41–60%). For the sandy loam there were also consistent changes in the organic (P_o) fraction (25%), especially that extracted by bicarbonate, presumably because the soil contained only a little clay and presumably had low sorption capacity. When the soils were cropped without P addition the largest proportional change was in the P extracted by resin, 0.5 M NaHCO₃ and 0.1 M NaOH, suggesting that the P in these fractions is readily available, or has the potential to become available, for crop growth. This was supported by changes in the overall P balance. On the heavier textured soils, 50–80% of the change in total soil P (P_T) was in these fractions; on the sandy soil this increased to more than 90%. The change in the sum of the first five fractions accounted, on average, for 90% of the P balance. However these changes in the P in the plough layer frequently left large amounts of P unaccounted for in some of the excessively P enriched soils. The amount of P_i extracted by resin and bicarbonate (P_i(r+b)) ranged between 14 and 50% of the sum of the P_i fractions. Soils with the lower percentages were those known to be most responsive to P fertilizers. P_i(r+b) accounted for an average of 70% of the P balance (negative) in P depleting soils where crop offtake was not offset or exceeded by annual P additions (positive balance). The ratio between P_i(r+b) and P_i(sum) could be a guide in defining soils deficient in P and those which are excessively enriched.     

Estimating bioavailability of soil particulate phosphorus to Microcystis aeruginosa

Bioavailable phosphorus has been reported to include not only phosphorus in dissolved form but also the fraction of particulate phosphorus that is readily usable. Here, a chemical extraction scheme in combination with an algal bioassay was conducted to estimate the potential bioavailability of particulate phosphorus in soil collected from a Chinese cabbage field. Microcystis aeruginosa was cultured in a medium containing the soils sequentially extracted with 1?M NH₄Cl, 0.11?M bicarbonate dithionite, 1?M NaOH, and 0.5?M HCl as the sole source of phosphorus. Analyses of chlorophyll-a, suspended solids, particulate organic carbon, and particulate organic nitrogen showed that M. aeruginosa could utilize some of the phosphorus present in each soil extract. These results imply that bioavailable phosphorus includes not only aluminum/iron-bound P and clay-bound P but also carbonate/apatite-bound P and residual P which have been considered not to be available to algae.     

PHOSPHATE UPTAKE AND GROWTH KINETICS OF TRICHODESMIUM (CYANOBACTERIA) ISOLATES FROM THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN AND THE GREAT BARRIER REEF,AUSTRALIA1

We compared inorganic phosphate (P_i) uptake and growth kinetics of two cultures of the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium isolated from the North Atlantic Ocean (IMS101) and from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (GBRTRLI101). Phosphate‐limited cultures had up to six times higher maximum P_i uptake rates than P‐replete cultures in both strains. For strain GBRTRLI101, cell‐specific P_i uptake rates were nearly twice as high, due to larger cell size, but P‐specific maximum uptake rates were similar for both isolates. Half saturation constants were 0.4 and 0.6 μM for P_i uptake and 0.1 and 0.2 μM for growth in IMS101 and GBRTRLI101, respectively. Phosphate uptake in both strains was correlated to growth rates rather than to light or temperature. The cellular phosphorus quota for both strains increased with increasing P_i up to 1.0 μM. The C:P ratios were 340–390 and N:P ratios were 40–45 for both strains under severely P‐limited growth conditions, similar to reported values for natural populations from the tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The C:P and N:P ratios were near Redfield values in medium with >1.0 μM P_i. The North Atlantic strain IMS101 is better adapted to growing on P_i at low concentrations than is GBRTRLI101 from the more P_i‐enriched Great Barrier Reef. However, neither strain can achieve appreciable growth at the very low (nanomolar) P_i concentrations found in most oligotrophic regimes. Phosphate could be an important source of phosphorus for Trichodesmium on the Great Barrier Reef, but populations growing in the oligotrophic open ocean must rely primarily on dissolved organic phosphorus sources.     

闽江口芦苇与短叶茳芏空间扩展对湿地土壤磷赋存形态的影响

选择闽江口鳝鱼滩的芦苇湿地、短叶茳芏湿地以及芦苇与短叶茳芏空间扩展形成的交错带湿地为对象,研究了不同湿地土壤磷赋存形态的分布特征及其主要影响因素。结果表明,不同湿地土壤中各形态磷含量整体表现为HCl-Pi > NaOH-Pi > Residual-P > NaHCO₃-Pi > NaOH-Po > Sonic-Pi > Resin-Pi > NaHCO₃-Po。其中,难分解态磷占TP的比例最高（Resin-Pi、NaHCO₃-Pi、NaHCO₃-Po）,为48.3%-51.1%;中等易分解态磷次之（NaOH-Pi、NaOH-Po、Sonic-Pi、Sonic-Po）,为37.4%-38.8%;而易分解态磷最低（HCl-P、Residual-P）,为11.5%-12.9%。交错带湿地土壤中易分解态磷、中等易分解态磷和难分解态磷含量相对于纯群落湿地均发生了明显改变,其值相比芦苇湿地分别提高了10.6%、19.2%和22.6%,相比短叶茳芏湿地分别提高了1.6%、11.5%和16.6%,原因主要与二者空间扩展过程中交错带湿地土壤的理化性质特别是粒度组成、pH以及Fe、Al含量均较纯群落湿地发生明显改变有关。芦苇与短叶茳芏的空间扩展整体改变了湿地土壤的全磷（TP）含量和储量,相对于芦苇湿地和短叶茳芏湿地,交错带湿地土壤的TP含量分别增加了20.0%和7.1%,而磷储量分别增加了12.0%和18.0%。研究发现,芦苇与短叶茳芏的空间扩展不但改变了湿地土壤中磷的赋存状况,而且亦可能改变不同磷形态之间的转化。交错带湿地土壤磷赋存状况有助于缓解芦苇与短叶茳芏空间扩展过程中对磷养分的竞争压力,从而可能在一定程度上维持交错带湿地系统的相对稳定。     

Estimation of phosphorus bioavailability from composted organic wastes

Sewage sludge derived from municipal sewage treatment plants is an important source of macronutrients, micronutrients and organic matter. For this reason composting of sewage sludge, along with combustion and co-combustion, is a new management priority in Poland. In this study six composts of different origin and composition were evaluated in terms of their abundance in phosphorus, because it is an essential nutrient for all living organisms. Analyses were conducted on the samples at the initial and at the maturation phase of composting. The bioavailability of phosphorus was estimated on the basis of amounts of the nutrient in isolated fractions using the sequential extraction method. First of all quantitative changes of the total nutrient content and its amounts in separated fractions were dependent on the mixture composition. Irrespective of compost type, 34.5–75.0% of the total amounts of phosphorus were found in hardly available combinations (Fr. III), while available phosphorus forms (Fr. I) accounted for only 6.6–21.6%. As a result of composting together different organic wastes an increase was observed both in the total content and the amounts of this nutrient in separated fractions. This phenomenon was observed particularly in composts with smaller levels of sewage sludge (30–40%), characterised by rapid organic matter decomposition, which was indicated by higher bioavailable amounts of phosphorus. Under such conditions the content of P ranged between 3.68 and 7.4 g kg^?1. In comparison to the labile pool of P obtained for matured composts C5 and C6 (65 and 75% of sewage sludge in their composition) amounting to 2.45–3.0 g kg^?1 the above values were considerable. Bioavailable phosphorus contents potentially introduced to soil with composts doses calculated at 170 kg total N/ha/yr ranged from 69.8 to 80.2 kg for compost with the lowest share of sewage sludge and from 11.2 to 20.7 kg for compost with the highest share of sewage sludge.     

Seasonal variation in organic and inorganic phosphorus fractions of temperate-climate sandy soils

Soils from an arable plot, a grassland plot and pasture plot were sampled over an 18-month period. Inorganic (P_i) and organic (P_o) soil phosphorus fractions were extracted sequentially with resin, NaHCO₃, and NaOH. Soil solution was sampled on the arable plot and pasture plot during 12 months with teflon suction cups, and the contents of P_i and P_o were determined.The patterns of the variation for all soil fractions were similar for the three plots. All soil P_i fractions were at minimum in the cool moist winter period. The soil P_o fractions varied less systematically than P_i fractions. The sum of P_o fractions had a winter maximum and a spring minimum. For all soil P fractions temporal variation was highly significant (p<0.0001). The magnitude of change in P_i and P_o soil fractions was 4–40 times greater than what would be expected from the magnitude of new N mineralization.The content of P in the inorganic soil P fractions was negatively correlated with soil moisture. The variation in organic soil P could not be explained by any single factor, but it is suggested that the variation is caused by changes in solubility rather than by biological transformations. Thus, physicochemical processes masked the impact of biological transformations on the temporal variation of soil phosphorus fractions.Both soil solution P_i and P_o varied significantly with time on field scale. In contrast to soil P_i fractions, solution P_i was initially low in the early autumn, increased by a factor 4 during the following 6 weeks, and thereafter decreased to a low level by the end of the sampling period. Soil solution P_o had several fluctuations during the sampling period.     

Effects of plant species on phosphorus availability in a range of grassland soils

Vegetative conversion from grass to forest may influence soil nutrient dynamics and availability. A short-term (40 weeks) glasshouse experiment was carried out to investigate the impacts of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata) on soil phosphorus (P) availability in 15 grassland soils collected across New Zealand using ³³P isotopic exchange kinetics (IEK) and chemical extraction methods. Results from this study showed that radiata pine took up more P (4.5–33.5 mg P pot^–1) than ryegrass (1.1–15.6 mg pot^–1) from the soil except in the Temuka soil in which the level of available P (e.g., E _1min P_i, bicarbonate extractable P_i) was very high. Radiata pine tended to be better able to access different forms of soil P, compared with ryegrass. There were no significant differences in the level of water soluble P (Cp, intensity factor) between soils under ryegrass and radiata pine, but the levels of Cp were generally lower compared with original soils due to plant uptake. The growth of both ryegrass and radiata pine resulted in the redistribution of soil P from the slowly exchangeable P_i pool (E _{> 10m} P_i, reduced by 31.8% on the average) to the rapidly exchangeable P_i (E _1min-1d P_i, E _1d-10m P_i) pools in most soils. The values of R/r ₁ (the capacity factor) were also generally greater in most soils under radiata pine compared with ryegrass. Specific P mineralisation rates were significantly greater for soils under radiata pine (8.4–21.9%) compared with ryegrass (0.5–10.8%), indicating that the growth of radiata pine enhanced mineralisation of soil organic P. This may partly be ascribed to greater root phosphatase activity for radiata pine than for ryegrass. Plant species × soil type interactions for most soil variables measured indicate that the impacts of plant species on soil P dynamics was strongly influenced by soil properties.     

Fate and effects of phosphorus additions in soils under N2-fixing red alder

Soil phosphorus (P) dynamics are controlled by the interaction of geochemical, biochemical and biological processes. Changes in species composition or management could alter the relative importance of these processes. We examined soil P dynamics in two plantations of N₂-fixing red alder (Alnus rubra) by determining the fate and effects of added fertilizer P. History of the plantations varied such that sites were previously occupied by 60-yr-old stands of alder or non-fixing Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Without fertilization, the soil with a longer period of alder influence had more organic P (P_o) and less sorbed inorganic P (Hydroxide- and Bicarb-extractable P_i). Fertilization increased soil total P, and 88% of the fertilizer was accounted for in the surface mineral soil (0–15 cm). Sorbed P_i was the major sink for fertilizer P (55–60%), independent of site history. Although P_o was 35–70% of soil P in unfertilized plots, added P did not accumulate as P_o. Neither site history nor P addition influenced phosphatase activity. Fertilization increased decomposition during incubation of the organic horizon, suggesting that late-stage decomposition is P-limited in these N-rich soils. On the time-scale of a few years, geochemical sorption and desorption of inorganic P were the most important processes controlling the distribution of added P. Organic P accumulation is expected to occur over a longer time frame, linked to the production and turnover of organic matter.     

Characterization of orthophosphate release from dissolved organic phosphorus by gel filtration and several hydrolytic enzymes

The molecular weight distribution of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) and the possible mechanisms of orthophosphate (Pi) release were examined by gel filtration and incubation with some hydrolytic enzymes. Sixty five percent of the DOP appeared to have apparent molecular weights between 300 to 10000 daltons. Less than 10% of the DOP estimated higher molecules greater than 10000 daltons. Alkaline phosphatase released Pi more easily from low molecular weight (< 1500 daltons) DOP than from high molecular weight fractions. While, addition of nucleases or phosphodiesterase alone did not appear Pi release from high molecular weight DOP compounds. Pi release from those DOP compounds increased markedly (more than 30%) when alkaline phosphatase was incubated with nucleases or phosphodiesterase. However, 60% of DOP did not release Pi when alkaline phosphatase was incubated with either enzymes.     

Forms and cycling of phosphorus in prairie and boreal forest soils

The distribution of soil P among inorganic and organic forms was examined in prairie and boreal forest soil profiles from Saskatchewan, Canada. A sequential extraction procedure was employed to separate P into labile and stable inorganic (P_i) and organic (P_o) fractions. Profile depth, climate, vegetation, and cultivation all had a major influence on the distribution of P which is attributed to differing intensities of pedogenic processes such as weathering and leaching, and their relationship to P transformations in the soil environment.     

Determining algal-available phosphorus of differing origin: routine phosphorus analyses versus algal assays

Eutrophication of surface waters can be accelerated by anthropogenic P-inputs, provided that P is in a form available to aquatic primary producers. Potentially algal-available P (P_aa) under aerobic conditions was determined with a dual-culture assay from 172 samples representing P in point and nonpoint sources and in lacustrine matter. The availability of P – expressed as the proportion of P_aa in total P (Tot-P) – ranged from 0 to 100%. In the different P sources, the mean availability ranged from 3.4 to 89% in descending order: wastewater of rural population > biologically treated urban wastewater > dairy house wastewater > biologically and chemically treated urban wastewater > field runoff > forest industrial effluent > fish fodder and feces > river water > field surface soil > forest runoff > lake settling matter > lake bottom sediments. Of the P fractions, dissolved reactive P (o-P) was highly available to algae, whereas particulate P (P_part) and dissolved unreactive P (unr-P_diss) contributed to P_aa to a lower but varying degree. An approach based on source-dependent availability coefficients, derived from the algal assays, appeared promising in transforming the load of Tot-P into that of P_aa. Although the values for P_aa obtained by the dual-culture assay probably underestimate the true levels for ultimately available P, they may still give valuable information for eutrophication abatement.     

Studies on carrageenans and effects of seawater phosphorus concentration on carrageenan content and growth ofAgardhiella subulata (C. Agardh) Kraft and Wynne (Rhodophyceae,Solieriaceae)

Gas liquid chromatography, chemical analyses, and infrared and¹³C-NMR spectroscopies indicated that phycocolloids extracted fromAgardhiella subulata had a dominant ι-carrageenan feature with less deviant ι-carrageenan and υ-carrageenan. The presence of methylated galactose and a small contamination by xylose were registered. Unattached plants were cultivated for 4 weeks in tanks receiving seawater enriched with 53.5 µM nitrate and 0 to 20 µM phosphate (P_i) week^?1. The growth was phosphorus (P)-limited up to a tissue P content of 0.14 ± 0.03% dry weight. Maximal specific growth rate and carrageenan content were observed with enrichments of 6 µM P_i and 3 µM P_i, respectively. Hence carrageenan production was promoted in the range of 3–6 µM P_i. Further P_i enrichment was useless. This phenomenon, observed with P nutrition, is comparable to the ‘Neish effect’ in nitrogen nutrition studies.     

Uptake kinetics and assimilation of phosphorus byCatenella nipaeandUlva lactucacan be used to indicate ambient phosphate availability

Uptake, assimilation and compartmentation of phosphate were studied in the opportunist green macroalgaUlva lactucaand the estuarine red algal epiphyteCatenella nipae. The Michaelis–Menten model was used to describe uptake rates of inorganic phosphate (P_i) at different concentrations. Maximum uptake rates (V _max) of P-starved material exceededV _maxof P-enriched material; this difference was greater forC. nipae. Uptake and allocation of phosphorus (P) to internal pools was measured using trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extracts and³²P. Both species demonstrated similar assimilation paths: when P-enriched, most³²P accumulated as free phosphate. When unenriched,³²P was rapidly assimilated into the TCA-insoluble pool.C. nipaeconsistently assimilated more³²P into this pool thanU. lactuca, indicatingC. nipaehas a greater P-storage capacity. In both species,³²P release data showed two internal compartments with very different biological half-lives. The rapidly exchanging compartment had a short half-life of 2 to 12 min, while the slowly exchanging compartment had a much longer half-life of 12 days in P-starvedC. nipaeor 4 days in P-starvedU. lactuca. In both species, the slowly exchanging compartment accounted for more than 90% of total tissue.U. lactucaandC. nipaeresponded differently to high external P_i.U. lactucarapidly took up P_i, transferring this P_iinto tissue phosphate and TCA-soluble P in a few hours (90% of total P).C. nipaetook up P_iat lower rates and stored much of this P in less mobile TCA-insoluble forms. Long-term storage of refractory forms of P makesC. nipaea useful bioindicator of the prevailing conditions of P_iavailability over at least the previous 7 days, whereas the P-status ofU.lactucamay reflect conditions over no more than the previous few hours or days.C. nipaeis a more useful bioindicator for P status of estuarine and marine waters thanU. lactuca.     

华西雨屏区不同林龄柳杉人工林土壤磷组分特征

磷是限制陆地生态系统生产力的关键养分因子。当前尚不了解不同土壤磷组分随柳杉林龄增长如何变化,及其与土壤微生物群落的关系。以华西雨屏区不同林龄（7年生幼龄林、13年生中龄林、24年生近熟林、33年生成熟林,53年生过熟林）柳杉（Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis）人工林为研究对象,采用Hedley磷素分级方法、磷脂脂肪酸分析法（PLFA）来探究不同林龄柳杉人工林土壤磷组分的分布模式及影响因子。结果表明：不同林龄和土壤深度土壤磷各组分含量差异显著。随林龄增加,可溶性磷和磷灰石含量逐渐减少,残余态磷含量逐渐增加,其余磷组分含量先增加后降低。除可溶性磷、浓盐酸提取态无机磷和残余态磷组分外,其余土壤磷组分含量表现为上层（0-15 cm）高于下层（15-30 cm）。偏门特尔检验表明,微生物群落与土壤磷组分之间存在显著关联。回归分析发现,碳与有机磷比值和酸性磷酸酶活性呈正相关。冗余分析显示,pH、土壤有机碳、土壤含水量,全氮和土壤容重是影响土壤磷组分变化的主导因子。研究显示,造林初期的土壤磷组分快速积累,在中龄林阶段达到最大值,随着柳杉人工林林龄的增加,土壤中磷的限制逐渐加强,土壤磷组分含量在成熟林之后逐渐下降。这些结果可为为柳杉人工林的培育及可持续经营管理提供科学依据。