青冈亚属植物的地理分布

对壳斗科青冈亚属（Quercus subg.Cyclobalanopsis)植物分布区内各地区的分布作了分析和统计。通过分析,认为中国南部、西南部和中南半岛北部,即印度支那植物地区,是青冈亚属植物地理分布的分布区中心。基于其形态、现代分布和地史资料,马来西亚地区分布有许多性状较原始的类群,是青冈亚属原始类的保存中心。青冈亚属植物中有许多地区 特有种,它们的分布区很狭窄,集中分布在加里曼丹、台湾、海南和云南东部部,其产生的原因主要是地理隔离,如海峡、高山等,以及气候和地史的复杂性。青冈亚属植物还存在许多替代现象,如青冈（Q.schottkyana）、赤皮青冈（Ｑ.gilva)和黄毛青冈（Ｑ.delavayi)`、云山青冈（Q.sessifolia)和窄叶青冈（Ｑ.augustinii)为中国－日本分布式和中国－喜马拉雅分布式之间替代。     

湖南木本植物二新种(英文)

湘西青冈 新种 图1 Cyclobalanopsis xiangxiensis C. J. Qi et Q. Z. Lin, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Species affinis C. austro-glaucae Y. T. Chang, sed foliis multo majoribus glaberrimis, nervis lateralibus multioribus, margine supra basin aristate incurvato-serratis, glandibus paullo depresso-globosis, diametro altitudine latiore, lamellis integris differt.     

四种栎属青冈亚属植物叶绿体基因组特征及系统发育研究

栎属青冈亚属植物的系统发育地位长期存在着争议，部分种的种间关系不明确。为揭示宁冈青冈(Quercus ningangensis)、曼青冈(Q.oxyodon)、毛曼青冈(Q.gambleana)、竹叶青冈(Q.neglecta)的叶绿体基因组特征及系统发育关系，该研究选择以上4种栎属青冈亚属植物的成熟叶片进行二代测序，对其叶绿体基因组结构和特征进行分析，并结合相关类群进行系统发育研究。结果表明：(1)宁冈青冈、曼青冈、毛曼青冈、竹叶青冈的叶绿体基因组序列长度分别为160 906、160 883、160 832、160 784 bp,均编码133个基因，包括88个蛋白质编码基因、37个tRNA基因、8个rRNA基因。(2)4种栎属青冈亚属植物偏好以A/T结尾的密码子，质体基因组变异区域主要存在于非编码序列。(3)通过IR边界分析得出，4种栎属青冈亚属植物存在ycf1假基因且在IRb/SSC区域发生扩张。(4)系统发育分析显示，在壳斗科中，水青冈属(Fagus)和轮叶三棱栎属(Trigonobalanus)较早分化出来，栎亚属(subg.Quercus)未形成一个单系群，叶绿体基因组建树结...     

几种青冈属植物新组合

本文探讨了青冈属的几个种的学名,经予新组合如下： 1.薄叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis kontuments(A.Camus)Y.C.Hsu et H.W.Jen[in Actaphyto     

壳斗科栎属青冈亚属的花粉形态及其系统学意义

对栎属青冈亚属17个种及炭栎花粉形态进行扫描电镜观察。结果表明:青冈亚属和炭栎花粉均为三拟孔沟,球形至长球形,(15～28.0)μm×(15.0～25.6)μm。花粉外壁纹饰可划分为3种:(1)蠕虫状(包括皱波状)、(2)聚合颗粒状、(3)棒状或小刺状。各纹饰在组间镶嵌分布。棒状及小刺状纹饰为栎属花粉较为原始式样,并为青冈亚属与高山栎组及部分巴东组(sect.Cerris)共有,推测其间具有较其它栎类更为接近的亲缘关系,可能为广义栎属中较为基础的类群,而与栎亚属sect.Quercuss.s.,Lobatae和Protobalanus关系较远。花粉形态对广义栎属系统分类价值仅适用于较高分类阶元。     

贵州青冈栎属一新种

长叶粉背青冈 新种 图1 Cyclobalanopsis pseudoglauca Y.K.Li et X.M.Wang,sp.nov. Species C.glaucae(Thunb.)Oersted affinis,sed foliis aristato-serratis,subtus crassiorius albo-farinoso-stratis,et pilis villosis adpressis obtectis,nervislateralibus utrinque(7-)9—11;cupulis lamellis concentricis 5,integrisfacile differt.     

基于青冈和滇青冈生态位模拟的湿润和半湿润常绿阔叶林替代分布及气候解释

为揭示湿润常绿阔叶林和半湿润常绿阔叶林替代分布的气候制约变量,该研究选择其代表性优势树种青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)和滇青冈(C.glaucoides)为研究对象,收集两个物种的标本分布点数据和19个生物气候变量图层数据,运用MaxEnt模型,模拟其潜在分布区,通过判别分析(DFA)、方差分析(...     

中国青冈属花粉形态及其与栎属的关系

经研究结果表明,青冈属Cyclobalanopsis与常绿栎类花粉形态特征基本上是一致的, 如花粉的形状和大小,萌发孔的类型以及外壁的结构均很相似。作者支持将青冈属归入栎属, 作为属下等级,即青冈亚属(Subg.Cyclobalanopsis)的分类处理。     

国产青冈属的数量分类学研究

观测了中国青冈属(Cyclobalanopsis Oersted)77个种近千份标本,选取包括叶柄、小枝、叶片、毛被、裂齿、坚果、壳斗等70个特征,应用因子分析和聚类分析的方法研究青冈属属下分类.因子分析借助主成分分析方法,从70个原始性状变量中筛选归纳出5个关键形态因子14个变量,并以此作为聚类分析的新变量,选取欧式距离系数和非加权平均数法(UPGMA)进行聚类.聚类分析和主成分分析的结果将国产青冈属划分为2个组5个亚组,与以前的形态分类吻合.因子分析结果表明:叶型、环带裂齿、壳斗毛被等性状对青冈属分类具有较重要的意义.还对青冈属2个大组和5个亚组之间的关系进行了探讨,并对用于分类的特征因子的可靠性进行了讨论.对青冈属一些有争议或存疑的种或变种(如青冈、龙迈青冈、长叶粉背青冈、黄枝青冈和滇青冈等)的关系也进行了讨论.     

海南岛青冈属（壳斗科）一新种

描述海南岛青冈属一新种—燕千青冈。     

中国橐吾属(菊科-千里光族)的分类学研究(五):君范橐吾、长毛槖吾和南川橐吾原白中一些排印错误的改正

对我国菊科橐吾属(Ligularia Cass.) 3种植物原白中模式标本引证的排印错误进行了改正。君范橐吾(L. lingiana S.W. Liu)原白中错误地将主模式标本引证为赵清盛82946,实际应为赵清盛、牟克平和杨亚斌8294。长毛槖吾(L. changiana S.W. Liu ex Y. L. Chen & Z. Yu Li)(=L. heterophylla C. C. Chang,为L. heterophylla Rupr.的晚出同名)主模式为蔡希陶59771,但L. heterophylla C. C. Chang 的原白中错误地将主模式标本引证为蔡希陶59711;该号标本属于唇形科的灯笼草[Clinopodium polycephalum (Vaniot) C. Y. Wu & Hsuan]。南川橐吾(L. nanchuanica S. W. Liu)原白中引证的副模式标本熊济华和周子林93871实际应为李国凤63871,前者属于桤叶树科的城口桤叶树(Clethra fargesii Franch.)。     

冬青科黑叶冬青的分类学修订

通过对标本和文献的研究,指出《中国植物志》中黑叶冬青的果枝图版和检索表存在的问题,澄清了《中国植物志》和《Flora of China》中将黑叶冬青(Ilex melanophylla H.T.Chang)被描述为粗枝冬青(Ilex robusta C.J.Tseng)的错误,并对黑叶冬青进行了分类学修订,在仅有的新种原文和模式产地植物志2种文献的基础上,补充和完善雄花枝、果序、果实、分核、分布等内容,将1～2果聚伞果序订正为1～3果聚伞果序,并重新编制了包括黑叶冬青在内的8个近缘种的检索表。     

Not only size matters: Acorn selection by the European jay (Garrulus glandarius)

A strong selection for acorn characteristics is expected to have evolved in the mutualistic relationship between the European jay (Garrulus glandarius) and the oak (Quercus spp.). Bossema's pioneer work suggested that jays do not select acorns randomly, but rather they preferentially select some size and species. Preference for some seeds over others may have implications on plant community dynamics by conferring advantages (or disadvantages) on the selected (avoided) seed characteristics. In this paper we test to what extent jays select acorns by species and/or by size and the relation between these two traits in Mediterranean oak species. The experiments consist of a set of field tests in which acorns from four different coexisting Mediterranean oak species (Quercus ilex, Quercus faginea, Quercus suber, and Quercus coccifera) were placed in artificial feeders accessible to wild jays. The acorns were previously measured to control individual acorn characteristics. Using video-recording techniques, we followed jay activity and the fate of each acorn (sequence of acorn selection and method of transport). Q. ilex acorns were preferred over other acorns, and Q. coccifera acorns were avoided when other acorns were available. Preference for Q. faginea and Q. suber acorns was intermediate, that is, they were preferred over Q. coccifera acorns but not over Q. ilex acorns. Large acorns were also preferred although acorn species selection was stronger than size selection. Jays selected species and size both by visual means and by using acorn area as an indicator of size. Acorns wider than 17–19 mm were carried in the bill because of throat limitation. Our results confirm Bossema's study on temperate oaks and extend it to Mediterranean oak species, revealing implications on mixed oak forest dynamics.     

群落演替对夏蜡梅种群分布和数量的影响

对夏蜡梅(Sinocalycanthus chinensis(Cheng et S.Y.Chang)Cheng et S.Y.Chang)所有分布地(浙江临安、天台和安徽绩溪)进行了详细调查,分析夏蜡梅种群面积、密度、结构和群落特征等,并与前人调查结果对比,阐明群落演替对夏蜡梅种群的影响。10余年来,由于国家相关政策的实施(退耕还林、天然林保护以及自然保护区的建立等)以及夏蜡梅分布地林地经营模式的改变,不同夏蜡梅群落呈现发展演替的不同状态,从而对夏蜡梅种群产生了显著影响。从群落类型来看,较为稳定的种群为大明山、西坑、白水坞、捣臼孔种群,种群结构为增长型或稳定型,群落处于乔木或顶级乔木阶段,原生植被保存较好,生境相对稳定,各物种在长期竞争中趋于稳定;直源种群为严重衰退的种群,群落经历了从灌丛阶段向灌乔阶段演化,原来同层次的常绿乔木逐渐形成密集的乔木层,郁闭度高,造成夏蜡梅生长不良甚至死亡,幼苗缺少或数量少,更新困难,此区域的夏蜡梅呈逐渐退化消亡趋势;而溪古坪、龙塘山种群所处群落正是属于这种群落演替的早期阶段,处于衰退过程中种群,不加人工干预也会逐渐退化;而双石边、经过坪等种群虽目前数量多,分布集中,更新良好,但变数最大,一旦人工干扰加剧或消除,则种群结构将快速发生变化,走向消亡的几率极大。该研究结果可为夏蜡梅保护提供科学依据。     

Lithocarpus longzhouicus comb. nov. (Fagaceae) from China: based on morphological and molecular data

The taxonomic position of Castanopsis longzhouica C. C. Huang & Y. T. Chang has been controversial. Various authors included it in Castanopsis (D. Don) Spach, or Lithocarpus Bl. based on morphology, palynology and wood anatomy. In order to investigate this issue, sequences of nuclear ITS and the chloroplast genes matK and trnL-F of C. longzhouica were analyzed together with 72 representatives of 7 genera within Fagaceae. As for species of Lithocarpus , there were a 1-bp insertion and two unique 3-bp deletions from ITS2 of C. longzhouica distinguishing it from Castanopsis . The phylogenetic analyses on the separate ITS data and the joint data (ITS+ matK + trnL-F ) strongly supported a derived position of C. longzhouica within a clade consisting of members of Lithocarpus . The result is consistent with previous suggestions based on wood anatomy, suggesting that C. longzhouica should be transferred to Lithocarpus . In addition, the shallow cup-shaped, loose incoherent-scale and indehiscent cupule and the concave scar of C. longzhouica suggests a close relationship to species of Lithocarpus . Based on these data, the new combination Lithocarpus longzhouicus (C. C. Huang & Y. T. Chang) J. Q. Li & L. Chen is proposed.     

Natural hybridisation between Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Quercus pubescens Willd. within an Italian stand as revealed by microsatellite fingerprinting

Interspecific gene flow is frequently reported in the genus Quercus . However, interfertile oak species often seem to remain distinct, even within areas of sympatry. This study employed molecular markers to verify, at a fine scale, the presence of interspecific gene flow in a natural population of Quercus petraea and Quercus pubescens . Within a delimited area of 6 ha, all adult trees belonging to the studied oak complex and seeds from a subsample of such trees were collected and analysed using molecular microsatellite markers. A low interspecific genetic differentiation and a high level of interspecific genetic admixture suggested past hybridisation. Paternity inference of seeds allowed the estimation of pollination frequencies from the three groups of pollen donors ( Q. petraea, Q. pubescens , intermediate). We also assayed pollen viability and germinability of each species group. We observed natural hybridisation between Q. petraea and Q. pubescens, with a predominant component in the direction Q. petraea → Q. pubescens : Q. pubescens displayed a higher level of heterospecific pollination by Q. petraea (25.8%) and intermediate morphotypes (14.7%), compared to Q. petraea acting as pollen receptor (with less than 5% heterospecific pollinations). Intermediate 'mother trees' were pollinated in similar proportions by Q. petraea (23.1%), Q. pubescens (37.8%) and intermediate morphotypes (39.1%). The asymmetrical introgression observed for the studied generation may be caused, among other factors, by the relative abundance of trees from each species group in the studied area.     

Reinstatement of the name Lithocarpus longinux (Fagaceae)

The name Lithocarpus longinux (Hu) Chun ex Y. C. Hsu & H. W. Jen is reinstated. It used to be treated as a synonym of L. areca (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus, but morphological characters of cupules and leaves support the reinstatement. These two species, together with L. longzhouicus (C. C. Huang & Y. T. Chang) J. Q. Li & L. Chen, make up a small group that is distributed in limestone areas and have similar morphological characters. A key is provided to distinguish between them, and their is discussed.     

Seasonal changes of root hydraulic conductance (KRL) in four forest trees: an ecological interpretation

This paper deals with the possibility of relating root hydraulic parameters to an ecological index describing the continentality/oceanicity of four forest trees. Root hydraulic conductance ($K_R$) of seedlings of Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus ilex L., Quercus suber L. and Quercus pubescens Willd. was measured in May, August and November 1996. $K_R$ was calculated in terms of the relation of the water flow through intact root systems in situ measured with the pressure chamber, and the pressure driving the flow. The sufficiency of the root system to supply the foliage was estimated by dividing $K_R$ by the seedlings leaf surface area ($A_L$) thus obtaining $K_RL$. In the spring, $K_RL$ was largest in F. sylvatica and smallest in Q. pubescens with intermediate values recorded in Q. ilex and Q. suber. All the species studied showed a large decline in $K_RL$ just prior to the winter rest except for Q. suber which mantained $K_RL$ approximately constant through the period of study. In most cases, $K_RL$ changed in accordance with analogous changes in the flow. When the total seedlings' leaf surface area ($A_L$) was plotted versus $K_RL$, it appeared that $K_RL$ of Q. pubescens increased with $A_L$, proportionally, while $K_RL$ of F. sylvatica was inversely related to $A_L$. This, together with the largest $K_RL$ recorded in the summer in Q. pubescens, was interpreted as advantageous to this species (which is adapted to semi-arid environments) in that: (a) roots could supply water to foliage efficiently even during the adverse season and (b) the foliage growth could be sustained even in summer.No statistically significant relation of $K_RL$ to the continentality index calculated for the four species studied on the basis of their European distribution, was found to exist. Nonetheless, our data appear to be encouraging for future research aimed at better interpreting the typical distribution areas of plant species.