淋巴囊肿病毒中国株TNFR类似物的原核表达与结构分析

肿瘤坏死因子受体(TNFR)是细胞因子受体家族中的一员,在大DNA病毒的免疫逃避中起着重要的作用.淋巴囊肿病毒中国株(LCDV-C)是一种大DNA病毒,属于虹彩病毒科.参照已知虹彩病毒TNFR基因设计引物P1,5'GGATCCAAAACTATGATTAAAATAAAGA 3';P25'ATTACTCGAGAATGTTAAAAATTAAGCTT3'.以LCDV-C基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到一个834bp的DNA片段,并对该片段进行测序.构建原核表达重组质粒后,在大肠杆菌DE3中诱导表达,其产物经SDS-PAGE电泳后,显示为45kDa的融合蛋白带.对测序结果进行计算机辅助分析的结果显示,LCDV-C TNFR类似物是一个含278个氨基酸的多肽,具有典型的半胱氨酸富集区功能结构域,与宿主牙鲆TNERII氨基酸同源性为34%.     

患病中国大鲵中分离到一株虹彩病毒及其特性的研究

从陕西某大鲵养殖场患病的大鲵体内分离到一株病毒。患病大鲵以体表溃疡,特别是肢体远端溃烂为主要临床特征。该病毒于10℃~30℃能在BF-2(Caudal trunk cells of blue-gillfry)、CO(Gorad cells of grass carp)、CHSE(Embryo cells of Chinook salmon)、FHM(cells of fathed minnow)等细胞中较好地增殖,最适生长温度为25℃~30℃。病毒对氯仿、热、pH3、pH10敏感,DNA抑制剂5-氟-2′-脱氧尿苷(5-fluro-2-′deoxyuridine,FUDR)能抑制病毒在细胞中的增殖,提示该病毒是有囊膜的DNA病毒。经电镜观察,在感染了病毒的细胞切片中可见到大量直径约130~150 nm有囊膜的六角形病毒颗粒成晶格排列在细胞质里,病毒呈典型的虹彩病毒形态。抽提病毒核酸后进行PCR扩增,用已知蛙病毒主要衣壳蛋白(MCP)基因的保守序列设计的引物能扩增出431bp的片段。扩增的片段测序后,和已知的几种蛙病毒属成员的主要衣壳蛋白基因中的相应片段进行比对,相似性在96%以上。血清学试验结果显示该病毒和IPNV(Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus,IPNV)、GCRV(Grass carp reovirus,GCRV)、SVCV(Spring viraemia of carp virus,SVCV)I、HNV(Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus,IHNV)在血清学上没有相关性。以上结果提示该病毒可能是虹彩病毒科蛙病毒属的成员,暂时命名为大鲵虹彩病毒(Andrias davidianus iridovirus,ADIV)。该病毒与大鲵发病的关系有待进一步研究。     

中国淋巴囊肿病毒胸苷酸合酶基因结构特点及分析

胸苷酸合酶(Thymidylate synthase,TS)是进行DNA合成所必需的酶类,与细胞分化及肿瘤发生密切相关。淋巴囊肿病毒属于虹彩病毒科成员,是能引起百余种淡、海水鱼感染,并产生肿瘤的病毒病原。在已完成中国淋巴囊肿病毒株(Lymphocystis disease virus-China,LCDV-C)基因组序列测定的基础上,本文对位于LCDV-C基因组开放阅读框ORF011L的TS基因结构、及其推定蛋白结构进行了分析。该基因全长858bp,GC含量为28．2％,编码一个长为286aa、分子量为32．7kD、等电点为7．1的推定蛋白,称之为中国淋巴囊肿病毒胸苷酸合酶(LCDV-CTS)。该酶所具有的叶酸结合区在第44和70位氨基酸之间,dUMP结合区在第163和206位氨基酸之间,24个必需氨基酸具有高度保守性。二级结构预测结果显示LCDV-C TS含8个a螺旋,6个β折叠和23个环,表明其具备酶活性分子所有的柔性和可变性结构特征。这是迄今所知在脊椎动物虹彩病毒中唯一含两个完整结合区的TS。对来自包括LCDV在内二十个物种的TS结构进行同源性分析,显示LCDV-C TS被单独分为一枝。进一步对LCDV-C TS可能的起源途径及与宿主的作用等进行了探讨。     

中国淋巴囊肿病毒胸苷酸合酶基因结构特点及分析

胸苷酸合酶(Thymidylate synthase,TS)是进行DNA合成所必需的酶类,与细胞分化及肿瘤发生密切相关.淋巴囊肿病毒属于虹彩病毒科成员,是能引起百余种淡、海水鱼感染,并产生肿瘤的病毒病原.在己完成中国淋巴囊肿病毒株(Lymphocystis disease virus-China,LCDV-C)基因组序列测定的基础上,本文对位于LCDV-C基因组开放阅读框ORF 011L的TS基因结构、及其推定蛋白结构进行了分析.该基因全长858bp,GC含量为28.2%,编码一个长为286aa、分子量为32.7kD、等电点为7.1的推定蛋白,称之为中国淋巴囊肿病毒胸苷酸合酶(LCDV-CTS).该酶所具有的叶酸结合区在第44和70位氨基酸之间,dUMP结合区在第163和206位氨基酸之间,24个必需氨基酸具有高度保守性.二级结构预测结果显示LCDV-C TS含8个α螺旋,6个β折叠和23个环,表明其具备酶活性分子所有的柔性和可变性结构特征.这是迄今所知在脊椎动物虹彩病毒中唯一含两个完整结合区的TS.对来自包括LCDV在内二十个物种的TS结构进行同源性分析,显示LCDV-CTS被单独分为一枝.进一步对LCDV-C TS可能的起源途径及与宿主的作用等进行了探讨.     

牙鲆淋巴囊肿病毒中国株(LCDV-C)羟类固醇脱氢酶基因的特征分析

属于虹彩病毒科的淋巴囊肿病毒(Lymphocystis disease virus,LCDV)是一类能引起全球各地上百种淡、海水鱼产生囊肿的病原。在新分离到淋巴囊肿病毒中国株(Lymphocystis disease virus isolate from China,LCDV—C)并完成序列测定的基础上,用计算机辅助分析了LCDV-C羟类固醇脱氢酶(hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,HSD)基因结构特征,LCDV—CHSD读码框为1023bp,推导其编码含340个氨基酸、分子量约为39．3kD的蛋白质。对来自10个不同病毒株或物种的HSD蛋白序列进行的比较分析显示,LCDV-C与淋巴囊肿病毒代表株(LCDV-1)的HSD氨基酸同源性最高,为60．5％。对LCDV-CHSD的二级结构进行了预测,有亲水区5个,抗原区、α螺旋区和β折叠区各有6个。经密度排列界面(dense alignment surface,DAS)的方法预测,表明LCDV-CHSD有一个跨膜结构域。     

一个新的苹果自交不亲和基因的分离

以从日本引进的苹果新品种斗南为试验材料,根据保守氨基酸序列"FTQQYQ"和"anti-1/WⅠPNV"设计苹果自交不亲和基因引物,P1:5′-TTTACGCAGCAATATCAG-3′;P2:5′-ACGTTCGGCCAAATA/CATT-3′。利用PCR-RFLP分析和目的片段测序方法得到了一个新的苹果自交不亲和基因-S33,其片段长度为348bp,包括P1、C2区和HV(含147bp的Intron)区。     

鸡含锰超氧化物歧化酶cDNA克隆及序列分析

 为弄清鸡含锰超氧化物歧化酶 (manganese containingsuperoxidedismutase ,MnSOD)的cDNA序列 ,以开展动物锰营养学的深入研究 ,根据已知鸡MnSOD的N端氨基酸序列设计简并引物 ,应用 3′RACE(rapidamplificationofcDNAends)技术 ,扩增克隆了鸡心肌MnSOD 990bp的 3′cDNA片段 .再根据 3′RACE片段测序结果设计引物进行 5′RACE ,结果获取了一个与 3′RACE片段相互重叠的鸡心肌MnSOD 52 1bp的 5′RACE片段 ,并对其进行了克隆测序 .最后根据 3′RACE片段和 5′RACE片段序列信息进行拼接 ,从而获取鸡MnSODcDNA的全序列信息 .研究结果表明 :鸡MnSODcDNA全长为 110 8个核苷酸 ,其中 5′非翻译区 2 5个核苷酸 ,编码区 675个核苷酸 ,3′非翻译区 4 0 8个核苷酸 ,编码一个长 2 2 4个氨基酸残基的蛋白质前体 .其中信号肽长 2 6个氨基酸残基 ,成熟肽长 198个氨基酸残基 ,分子量为 2 2kD .与人、大鼠、线虫、果蝇等真核生物MnSOD氨基酸序列的同源性分别为82 4 %、84 .7%、62 .4 %、59.3% .     

噬菌体PaP3末端酶大亚单位的克隆表达

末端酶 (terminase)是双链DNA病毒包装过程中 ,将病毒基因组多串联体 (concatemer)与病毒前衣壳连接 ,切割并转移单拷贝基因组进行前衣壳 (procapsid)的异源寡聚体 ,由一个大亚单位及 1～ 7个小亚单位组成。大亚单位具有ATP酶和核酸酶活性 ,在全酶活性中起到重要的作用。由我室分离并完成测序的绿脓杆菌噬菌体PaP3(GeneBank序列号 :AY0 78382 )为双链DNA病毒 ,其中4 0 6 93 4 2 14 1基因编码末端酶大亚单位。本研究采用PCR技术从噬菌体PaP3基因组中扩增出编码噬菌体PaP3末端酶大亚单位的目标片段 ,将目标片段插入原核表达载体 pQE…     

生长因子颗粒蛋白前体和肿瘤坏死因子受体基因启动子区改变与阿尔茨 海默病的相关性研究

目的:探讨生长因子颗粒蛋白前体(PGRN)、肿瘤坏死因子受体(TNFR)基因启动子区改变以及全基因组DNA甲基化与阿尔茨海默病的相关性。方法:收集阿尔茨海默病患者血液样本80例以及健康对照血液样本80例,PCR扩增PGRN和TNFR基因启动子区并进行测序,观察两组间的单核苷酸多态性位点是否有差异。同时,用甲基化特异性PCR法检测启动子区DNA甲基化情况以及用ELISA法检测全基因组DNA甲基化水平。结果:在TNFR基因启动子区域发现阿尔茨海默病和对照组之间在多态性位点rs4149570和rs4149569有显著性差异(P0.001和P=0.033)。阿尔茨海默病患者全基因组甲基化水平为(0.79±0.29)%,显著低于对照组的(1.00±0.36)%(P0.001)。结论:TNFR基因多态性位点rs4149570和rs4149569的变异可能与阿尔茨海默病相关,全基因组甲基化水平降低可能与阿尔茨海默病相关。     

我国分离的盖塔病毒衣壳蛋白基因和3′非翻译区分子特征研究

对我国海南省和河北省分离到的3株盖塔病毒(GETV)(M1、HB0215-3和HB0234)进行衣壳蛋白基因和3′UTR区序列测定,并分析比较该病毒的分子生物学遗传特征。首先应用逆转录聚合酶链反应扩增出病毒衣壳蛋白基因和3′UTR片段,纯化后连接到载体中进行测序,然后用Clastal X和DNASTAR软件对测定的核苷酸和推测的氨基酸序列进行比较分析,用MEGA软件绘制系统发生树。3株病毒衣壳蛋白基因分别由801、804和804个核苷酸组成,分别编码267、268和268个氨基酸,3株病毒之间核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性为97.6%~100%和97.8%~100%,与其他GETV分离株核苷酸同源性在95.4%~99.6%之间。3株病毒3′UTR分别由411、401和401个核苷酸组成,发现中国株存在10个(45~54位)核苷酸缺失和2个(64位、148位)特有的核苷酸位点。进化分析表明盖塔病毒之间的进化关系与分离年代相关,中国境内流行的盖塔病毒是相对独立的一个类群。     

Complete genome sequence of lymphocystis disease virus isolated from China

Lymphocystis diseases in fish throughout the world have been extensively described. Here we report the complete genome sequence of lymphocystis disease virus isolated in China (LCDV-C), an LCDV isolated from cultured flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) with lymphocystis disease in China. The LCDV-C genome is 186,250 bp, with a base composition of 27.25% G+C. Computer-assisted analysis revealed 240 potential open reading frames (ORFs) and 176 nonoverlapping putative viral genes, which encode polypeptides ranging from 40 to 1,193 amino acids. The percent coding density is 67%, and the average length of each ORF is 702 bp. A search of the GenBank database using the 176 individual putative genes revealed 103 homologues to the corresponding ORFs of LCDV-1 and 73 potential genes that were not found in LCDV-1 and other iridoviruses. Among the 73 genes, there are 8 genes that contain conserved domains of cellular genes and 65 novel genes that do not show any significant homology with the sequences in public databases. Although a certain extent of similarity between putative gene products of LCDV-C and corresponding proteins of LCDV-1 was revealed, no colinearity was detected when their ORF arrangements and coding strategies were compared to each other, suggesting that a high degree of genetic rearrangements between them has occurred. And a large number of tandem and overlapping repeated sequences were observed in the LCDV-C genome. The deduced amino acid sequence of the major capsid protein (MCP) presents the highest identity to those of LCDV-1 and other iridoviruses among the LCDV-C gene products. Furthermore, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the multiple alignments of nine MCP amino acid sequences. Interestingly, LCDV-C and LCDV-1 were clustered together, but their amino acid identity is much less than that in other clusters. The unexpected levels of divergence between their genomes in size, gene organization, and gene product identity suggest that LCDV-C and LCDV-1 shouldn't belong to a same species and that LCDV-C should be considered a species different from LCDV-1.     

Isolation of human DNAs homologous to the BamHI-Z fragment of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA

Human DNA hybridizes with the BamHI-Z fragment (map coordinates 0.936 to 0.949) of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA. To characterize the BamHI-Z homologue of human DNA, we isolated six independent hybrid phages with a sequence homologous to the BamHI-Z fragment from a human genomic DNA library. Three of the six had a common 1.2-kb BamHI-EcoRI fragment homologous to the BamHI-Z, and this fragment existed as 10-60 copies per human haploid genome. A 0.29-kb MboII segment of the BamHI-Z fragment was found to be responsible for the homology with the 1.2-kb BamHI-EcoRI fragment.     

Isolation of a clone which induces expression of the gene encoding the human tumor necrosis factor receptor.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine with pleiotropic effects upon cell growth, inflammation and immunologic responsiveness. High-affinity TNF receptors (TNFRs) of 55 and 75 kDa are found in many cell types. Using an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based mammalian expression library, we have isolated a clone from human lymphoblastoid transfectants that induces overexpression of the TNFR-encoding gene (TNFR). Transfectants overproducing the TNFR were isolated by multiple rounds of sorting on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter using fluorescent TNF ligand binding as the selection procedure. Among the sorted transfectants were cells producing approx. 150,000 receptors per cell (Kd of approx. 1 nM). These cells have multiple copies of the TNFR gene present as extrachromosomal plasmids. These cells also overproduced the mRNA for TNFR. Low-Mr EBV episomes were isolated from these overproducing cells and used to transform Escherichia coli. One of the colonies isolated contained a plasmid encoding a portion of the noncoding region of the TNFR gene. Transfection of human lymphoblastoid cells with this DNA gave rise to high-level production of TNFR. Fluorescent TNF bound to these transfectants is fully and specifically displaced by an excess of TNF. The rescued clone contains approx. 10 kb of human genomic DNA including the 3'-untranslated region of TNFR and several Alu sequences; apparently during the selection procedure in human cells, recombination occurred to rescue a portion of the TNFR gene. Transient transfection was used to narrow down the region responsible for TNFR induction to 5.2 kb. The mechanism by which this clone induces TNFR expression has not been determined.     

CrmE, a novel soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor encoded by poxviruses

Cytokines and chemokines play a critical role in both the innate and acquired immune responses and constitute prime targets for pathogen sabotage. Molecular mimicry of cytokines and cytokine receptors is a mechanism encoded by large DNA viruses to modulate the host immune response. Three tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) have been identified in the poxvirus cowpox virus. Here we report the identification and characterization of a fourth distinct soluble TNFR, named cytokine response modifier E (CrmE), encoded by cowpox virus. The crmE gene has been sequenced in strains of the orthopoxviruses cowpox virus, ectromelia virus, and camelpox virus, and was found to be active in cowpox virus. crmE is expressed as a secreted 18-kDa protein with TNF binding activity. CrmE was produced in the baculovirus and vaccinia virus expression systems and was shown to bind human, mouse, and rat TNF, but not human lymphotoxin alpha, conjugates of lymphotoxins alpha and beta, or seven other ligands of the TNF superfamily. However, CrmE protects cells only from the cytolytic activity of human TNF. CrmE is a new member of the TNFR superfamily which is expressed as a soluble molecule that blocks the binding of TNF to high-affinity TNFRs on the cell surface. The remarkable finding of a fourth poxvirus-encoded TNFR suggests that modulation of TNF activity is complex and represents a novel viral immune evasion mechanism.     

A generalized method of subcloning DNA fragments by restriction site reconstruction: application to sequencing the amino-terminal coding region of the transforming gene of Gazdar murine sarcoma virus

The technique of restriction site reconstruction was generalized so as to allow the subcloning of any DNA fragment and its subsequent reexcision with EcoRI, XbaI, XhoI or HindIII. After excision, the 3' terminus of each strand will be derived from the starting nucleic acid, permitting the use of such fragments as primers for nucleotide sequencing by primer extension methods. The technique was used to subclone a 56 base pair BstNI-DdeI fragment of Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MSV) as a unique HindIII-HindIII fragment. This fragment then served as a primer to sequence a portion of the RNA genome of Gazdar murine sarcoma virus (Gz-MSV). The nucleotide sequence which was obtained indicated that the transforming gene of Gz-MSV arose by at least two recombination events involving murine leukemia virus (MLV) and the cellular homologue c-mos. This analysis suggests that a virus indistinguishable from Mo-MSV was an intermediate in the formation of Gz-MSV.     

一种用于构建红色红曲霉基因组Cosmid文库的大片段DNA制备方法

摘要：【目的】制备用于构建红色红曲霉cosmid文库的大片段基因组DNA。【方法】采用优化的酚氯仿抽提法制备DNA,并利用Sau3AI切割至平均大小为40 kb,然后使用Stratagene包装蛋白构建cosmid文库。基于PCR法使用同源探针从该文库中进行了目的基因的筛选。【结果】制备了浓度为5 μg/μL,平均片段大小大于48 kb的红色红曲霉大片段基因组DNA。利用该DNA构建的cosmid文库基因组覆盖倍数为10,并筛选到了含有目的片段的cosmid。【结论】通过该方法制备红色红曲霉大片段基因组D     

禽腺病毒江苏株（JS）复制非必需片段的确定

利用PCR方法从一株Ⅰ群禽腺病毒的分离物(FAVI-JS)中扩增出其基因组的两个末端L片段和r片段、ITR片段,并分别克隆进pGEM-T easy载体,然后将L片段、r片段和ITR片段同时克隆进pHC粘粒载体中,获得质粒pHC-FAVI-r-ITR-L,再在该克隆片段中插入增强型绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)基因,获得转移质粒载体pFAVI-eGFP.将pFAVI-eGFP转染已被该野生型Ⅰ群禽腺病毒分离物感染了的鸡胚肾细胞进行同源重组,通过无限稀释法筛选重组病毒,结果获得了表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白的重组Ⅰ群禽腺病毒rFAVI-eGFP,证明位于基因组右末端r片段和ITR片段之间的位点为病毒复制非必需区,为禽腺病毒的重组基因工程疫苗的研究奠定了基础.