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1.
利用噬菌体破细胞壁分离胞内产物的展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了利用噬菌体破细胞壁的两类方法;构建可诱导裂解的溶源菌和克隆可诱导裂解的噬菌体裂解基因。对λ噬菌体裂解细胞的行为进行了详细分析。以产聚-β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)的重组大肠杆菌为例,提出将带有琥珀突变的λ噬菌体的裂解基因S^-RRz和目标产物的基因克隆到同一质粒上,以用来破细胞壁生产目的产物的方法,可望解决细胞中产物积累量最大和细胞破碎率最高的矛盾,具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
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本文对透明颤菌血红蛋白基因 (vgb)和λ噬菌体裂解基因 (S RRz)在不同宿主大肠杆菌中的外源表达及其在聚β 羟基丁酸酯 (PHB)生产中的应用进行了研究。实验结果表明 ,同时携带vgb、S RRz和 phbCAB三种基因的产PHB基因工程菌VG1 ( pTU1 4) ,经过 82h的摇瓶补料分批培养 ,菌体浓度可以高达 2 5 9g/L ,PHB百分含量则可在 52h时达到 95%以上 ;此外 ,该菌株不仅可以实现摇瓶高密度发酵培养和PHB产品的大量积累 ,还可以同时实现菌体细胞的可诱导裂解破壁 ,因此是一株具有潜在工业应用价值的多功能PHB生产菌株。 相似文献
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目的:探讨Fe3+对嗜酸兼性异养菌产聚-β-羟基丁酸酯(vim)的作用及其作用机制.方法:采用两种不同的培养基培养DXI-1,并利用浓硫酸煮沸法,定时检测菌体内PHB含量、细胞干种、培养基中剩余葡萄糖的含量变化.结果:在透射电镜照片中,我们发现细胞内聚集了大量的透明颗粒,并且已经鉴定为聚-β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB).我们还发现,在Fe3+存在的情况下,细菌DXI-1产PHB的能力急剧下降,仅为细胞干重的14.2%;而无Fe3+存在的情况下,细菌产PHB的能力达细胞干重的40.9%.结论:Fe3+对DXI=1产PHB的能力有一定的抑制作用. 相似文献
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[目的]鉴定一株新分离的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体PaP4的生物学特性.[方法]双层琼脂培养法制备PaP4的单个噬斑,观察噬斑特点;用聚乙二醇8000浓缩PaP4颗粒后,再用氯化铯密度梯度离心纯化;用透射电子显微镜观察磷钨酸负染色的PaP4颗粒;提取PaP4基因组核酸,通过限制性内切酶图谱分析其核酸类型;按照感染复数(MOI)分别为0.000 1、0.001、0.01、0.1、1和10加入噬菌体纯培养液和宿主菌,充分裂解细菌后,测定噬菌体滴度;以MOI=10的比例加入噬菌体及宿主菌,进行一步生长实验,绘制一步生长曲线.[结果]PaP4的噬斑直径约3 mm-5 mm,圆形透明边缘清晰;PaP4噬菌体呈多面体立体对称的头部,直径约50 nm,有一个约30 nm的短尾;限制性酶切实验表明PaP4基因组为双链DNA;当MOI为0.001时PaP4感染其宿主菌产生的子代噬菌体滴度最高;用一步生长曲线描绘了其生长特性.[结论]PaP4属dsDNA短尾科裂解性噬菌体;最佳感染复数是0.001;由一步生长曲线得出感染宿主菌的潜伏期是25 min,裂解期是20 min,平均裂解量是150. 相似文献
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一株沙门氏菌裂解性噬菌体的分离鉴定及生物学特性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
【目的】从贝类样品中分离到一株沙门氏菌裂解性噬菌体SLMP1,对其进行鉴定及生物学特性分析。【方法】采用双层平板法从贝类样品中分离沙门氏菌噬菌体SLMP1,观察噬菌斑特征,分析SLMP1的宿主范围;利用聚乙二醇8000沉淀浓缩SLMP1颗粒,用氯化铯等密度梯度离心纯化;采用透射电子显微镜观察纯化的SLMP1颗粒;采用酚-氯仿法提取SLMP1核酸,通过核酸酶处理分析核酸类型;分析SLMP1的热稳定性、pH稳定性、最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线及裂菌效果。【结果】SLMP1噬菌斑直径约2–3 mm,圆形透明、边缘清晰;SLMP1能裂解肠沙门氏菌肠亚种和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌;SLMP1头部呈二十面体,直径约62 nm,含非收缩性尾部,尾长约110 nm,属于长尾病毒科;SLMP1核酸为双链DNA;SLMP1在30–60 °C稳定,在pH 4.0–11.0稳定,最佳感染复数为0.001,感染宿主菌潜伏期为10 min、裂解期为120 min、裂解量为51;SLMP1在液体环境中具有良好的裂菌效果。【结论】SLMP1属dsDNA长尾科裂解性噬菌体,具有沙门氏菌生物抑菌剂的应用潜力。 相似文献
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本文对透明颤菌血红蛋白基因(vgb)和λ噬菌体裂解基
因(SRRz)在不同宿主大肠杆菌中的外源表达及其在聚β羟基丁酸酯(PHB)生产中的应用进行了研究。实验结果表明,同时携带vgb、SRRz和phbCAB三种基因的产PHB基因工程菌VG1(pTU14),经过82h的摇瓶补料分批培养,菌体浓度可以高达25.9g/L,PHB百分含量则可在52h时达到95%以上;此外,该菌株不仅可以实现摇瓶高密度发
酵培养和PHB产品的大量积累,还可以同时实现菌体细胞的可诱导裂解破壁,因此是一株具有潜在工业应用价值的多功能PHB生产菌株。 相似文献
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目的:研究聚3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯[P(3HB-co-4HB)]这种新型高分子材料与骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)共培养,观察材料对干细胞的存活及增殖的影响,形成细胞补片的效果;从而找到一种适合BMSCs生长、增殖的高分子生物材料,作为治疗心肌梗死,软骨损伤等多种组织损伤疾病的修复方法之一。方法:取清洁级雄性健康BSL-C57小鼠作为实验对象,通过分离培养获得小鼠BMSCs,并进行流式细胞仪鉴定表面标志物。BMSCs培养至5代后,将BMSCs与P(3HB-co-4HB)制成的生物材料薄膜共培养,24h后固定进行电镜扫描,并用DAPI荧光染料染色处理,在荧光显微镜下观察并进行细胞计数,并描绘生长曲线。结果:BMSCs流式细胞术鉴定:CD34、CD45阴性,CD90弱阳性,CD73阳性。扫描电镜下,P(3HB-co-4HB)材料与BMSCs共培养形成的细胞补片,其表面细胞数量多,细胞状态正常。荧光显微镜下,对其细胞补片表面的细胞进行计数,并绘制生长曲线,显示表面细胞有逐渐增多的趋势。结论:P(3HB-co-4HB)材料与BMSCs共培养制成的细胞补片表面有细胞存活及增殖,由于P(3HB-co-4HB)材料本身具有良好的生物组织相容性及可降解等性质,所以该新型高分子材料可以作为干细胞治疗多种疾病的支架材料之一。 相似文献
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重组大肠杆菌 E.coli XL-1 Blue(pKSSE5.3)携带Ralstonia eutropha H16的 PHA聚合酶基因(phaC)和Clostridium kluyveri的4-羟基丁酸:CoA转移酶基因(orfZ),可以利用葡萄糖和4-羟基丁酸为碳源合成均聚的聚-4-羟基丁酸[P(4HB)]。优化培养基和培养条件后,进行了补料分批培养。结果表明,经68h左右培养,E.coli XL-1 Blue(pKSSE5.3)的发酵液中菌体干重达13g/L,P(4HB)的密度达5g/L,P(4HB)百分含量为36%。从收获的冻干细胞中提纯得到40g均聚的P(4HB),为进一步分析检测P(4HB)生物、理化、加工特性及其应用价值成为可能。 相似文献
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The purified red yeast cell wall lytic enzyme of Penicillium lilacinum No. 2093 has a potent saccharifying activity against cell walls, but the living cell lytic activity of it is considerably lower than that of the culture filtrate. Therefore, the living cell lytic factors in the culture filtrate were examined. The alkaline protease of Pen. lilacinum played an important role for living cell lysis. The synergistic effect on living cell lysis was also detected, when acid proteases from various origins were combined with the cell wall lytic enzyme. These results indicated that the protein layers of red yeast cell surface inhibited the action of a glycanase,cell wall lytic enzyme, and the protein molecule contributed to retain the rigid structure of the wall. 相似文献
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Hiroshi Sugimoto 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(10):1111-1123
This paper deals with yeast cell-wall lytic enzymes formed by Streptomyces with regard to the connection with the cell-wall structure.In the first place, 29 organisms of β-glucanase-producing Streptomycetes were selected among 777 strains belonging to genus Streptomyces by means of a cylinder-plate method employing the yeast glucan as a substrate. As for these organisms, the depolymerizing activity against the yeast glucan was considered to be mainly due to β-1,3-glucanase activity. Against the heat-treated cell of bakers’ yeast, the crude enzymes merely showed poor lytic activities, however, in the combined employment with some protease preparations, especially with an alkaline protease from St. satsumaensis nov. sp., a remarkable increase of the lytic activities was demonstrated. On the other hand, the intact cell wall of bakers’ yeast, or both the heat-treated and the intact cells of Sacch. cerevisiae 18.29 strain were dissolved very easily by a sole action of β-glucanase or of protease, respectively. In consequence, it seemed that the lysis occurred with different mechanisms in response to differences of substrates. On this subject, the results of investigations and discussions were described in special measure. In addition, the possibility, that some other enzymes than β-glucanase or protease might concern to the lysis of the cell wall, was also investigated and discussed. 相似文献
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《Biophysical journal》2019,116(12):2378-2389
Membrane lysis, or rupture, is a cell death pathway in bacteria frequently caused by cell wall-targeting antibiotics. Although previous studies have clarified the biochemical mechanisms of antibiotic action, a physical understanding of the processes leading to lysis remains lacking. Here, we analyze the dynamics of membrane bulging and lysis in Escherichia coli, in which the formation of an initial, partially subtended spherical bulge (“bulging”) after cell wall digestion occurs on a characteristic timescale of 1 s and the growth of the bulge (“swelling”) occurs on a slower characteristic timescale of 100 s. We show that bulging can be energetically favorable due to the relaxation of the entropic and stretching energies of the inner membrane, cell wall, and outer membrane and that the experimentally observed timescales are consistent with model predictions. We then show that swelling is mediated by the enlargement of wall defects, after which cell lysis is consistent with both the inner and outer membranes exceeding characteristic estimates of the yield areal strains of biological membranes. These results contrast biological membrane physics and the physics of thin, rigid shells. They also have implications for cellular morphogenesis and antibiotic discovery across different species of bacteria. 相似文献
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Like most gram-positive oral bacteria, Actinomyces naeslundii is resistant to salivary lysozyme and to most other lytic enzymes. We are interested in studying the lysins of phages of this important oral bacterium as potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents. To identify the Actinomyces phage genes encoding these species-specific enzymes in Escherichia coli, we constructed a new cloning vector, pAD330, that can be used to enrich for and isolate phage holin genes, which are located adjacent to the lysin genes in most phage genomes. Cloned holin insert sequences were used to design sequencing primers to identify nearby lysin genes by using whole phage DNA as the template. From partial digestions of A. naeslundii phage Av-1 genomic DNA we were able to clone, in independent experiments, inserts that complemented the defective λ holin in pAD330, as evidenced by extensive lysis after thermal induction. The DNA sequence of the inserts in these plasmids revealed that both contained the complete lysis region of Av-1, which is comprised of two holin-like genes, designated holA and holB, and an endolysin gene, designated lysA. We were able to subclone and express these genes and determine some of the functional properties of their gene products. 相似文献
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Walls of Mortierella parvispora, Pullularia pullulans, Absidia repens, Fusarium oxysporum, and of several Penicillium species varied in their susceptibilities to digestion by glucanase and chitinase. Polysaccharides were present in the residues remaining after enzymatic digestion. Acid hydrolysates of the walls contained glucose, glucosamine, and a small amount of galactose. The walls of M. parvispora, which also contained fucose, were the least digested by these two enzymes. Much of the M. parvispora wall material was resistant to decomposition by a heterogeneous soil community, and viable hyphae were not lysed by a glucanase-chitinase mixture. Walls of this fungus were fractionated, and the chemical composition of the fractions was determined. The chitin which was abundant in one of the fractions was apparently largely shielded from chitinase hydrolysis by a glucan. The ecological significance of these findings is discussed. 相似文献
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Shockman, Gerald D. (Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa.), J. Stuart Thompson, and Margaret J. Conover. Replacement of lysine by hydroxylysine and its effects on cell lysis in Streptococcus faecalis. J. Bacteriol. 90:575-588. 1965.-Hydroxylysine was not significantly incorporated by Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 or 8043 until exponential growth ceased as a result of lysine exhaustion. Uptake was then rapid and virtually complete within 1 hr. Lysine absence, rather than physiological age, seemed to be the governing factor. Hydroxylysine uptake rapidly reached a peak in the acid-soluble fraction, suggesting a precursor role for substances in this fraction. Substitution of hydroxylysine for lysine was much more efficient in mucopeptide synthesis than in protein synthesis. In wall medium, less than 1% of the incorporated hydroxylysine was found in the protein fraction. Addition of lysine to both growth and wall media inhibited both further hydroxylysine uptake and transfer of hydroxylysine from acid-soluble to mucopeptide or protein fractions. Hydroxylysine resulted in decreased penicillin susceptibility only after it was postexponentially incorporated. This effect was physiologically similar to that seen after threonine deprivation or chloramphenicol treatment. Hydroxylysine incorporation increased resistance to autolysis, but failed to decrease lysozyme susceptibility when measured after heat inactivation of autolysis. Electron microscopy of negatively stained cells showed increased thickness of cell walls containing hydroxylysine. Thus, most of the effects of replacement of lysine by hydroxylysine resemble those seen after deprivation of a nonwall amino acid (e.g., threonine or valine) or after chloramphenicol treatment. Each of these conditions results in inhibition of protein synthesis while permitting cell-wall synthesis to continue, resulting in autolysis-resistant, thick-walled cells. 相似文献
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Target Cell Lysis mediated by Soluble Cytotoxin released from stimulated Lymphocytes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MANY investigations have shown that lymphocytes stimulated with a specific antigen, or non-specifically by plant mitogens such as phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), release soluble mediators of various reactions1–6. One of these mediators has been identified as a cytotoxic factor5, 6, largely on the basis of its ability to inhibit 14C-amino-acid incorporation into L cells. The actual effect of this cytotoxic factor remains uncertain because other evidence of its cytotoxicity is meagre and because the observed decline in protein synthesis does not distinguish between cell lysis, growth inhibition and/or cell detachment. Furthermore, its biological significance has been questioned7, because other investigators have stated that intimate contact between lymphocyte and target cell is essential for lysis of the latter. 相似文献
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Enzyme preparations of Staphylococcus aureus were examined for their ability to solubilize (32)P-labeled cell walls of the parent organism. Enzymatic activity was observed in the growth medium, in soluble fractions, and associated with native cell walls. Enzyme associated with isolated cell walls could be inactivated with formaldehyde without reducing the susceptibility of the walls to the action of added enzyme. When cells are frozen and thawed, 50 to 75% of the intracellular enzyme is released along with 2% of the intracellular protein. This freeze-thaw extracted enzyme has little, if any, activity on intact S. aureus cells. It appears that the enzyme resides near the cell wall and acts on the cell-wall inner surface. 相似文献
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Early Abortive Lysis by Phage BF23 in Escherichia coli K-12 Carrying the Colicin Ib Factor 总被引:16,自引:8,他引:8
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Growth of phage BF23 was restricted in Escherichia coli K-12 strains carrying a colicin I factor (ColIb); most infected cells lysed early without producing progeny phages. Either addition of chloramphenicol before phage infection or ultraviolet irradiation of phage prevented early abortive lysis, an indication that certain phage functions are required for this phenomenon. Very little or no phage-induced lysozyme was synthesized in the infected ColI(+) cells. This result suggests that early abortive lysis was not due to the lysozyme action. A small fraction (0.05) of BF23-infected ColI(+) cells showed normal phage growth. This "escaped growth" may reflect the physiological state of the host bacteria rather than the heterogeneity of the infecting phage. Host-controlled modification was not observed. A phage mutant, BF23hI, able to grow on ColI(+) cells, was isolated and was characterized to be recessive to the wild-type BF23 in its ability to undergo early abortive lysis. Among the T series phages, T5 induced early abortive lysis, and growth of T5 was restricted upon infection to ColI(+) cells. These results and the other observations, including the occurrence of phenotypic mixing between BF23 and T5, suggest that these two phages are related to each other even though the receptor sites for BF23 and T5 are apparently different. 相似文献