甘肃忍冬科植物区系地理

对甘肃产忍冬科植物8属59种8变种及3亚种（不包括引种栽培的1属和3种）*进行了统计,并计算甘肃与邻近省的相似性系数,与陕西省的最大,为0．41;而与西藏的为最小,仅为0．14。陇南西部河谷亚热带湿润区和陇南北部暖温带区是甘肃产忍冬科植物种类最为丰富的地区。同时,对甘肃产忍冬科植物进行了属、种分布区类型的划分,属的分布区类型可划分为：旧世界温带分布、温带亚洲分布、东亚分布和中国特有4个类型。种的分布类型可划分为：中国特有、东亚分布、温带亚洲分布和旧世界温带分布。从该科植物在甘肃的分布来看,绝大多数种类都不超过中国4个植物亚区在甘肃的交汇点,与中国植物区划基本相符,并可确切说此交汇点应在兰州的永登县附近。     

试论东亚被子植物区系的历史成分和第三纪源头——基于省沽油科、刺参科和忍冬科植物地理的研究

虽然在历史植物地理学文献中常见的有5种区系成分;地理成分、发生成分、迁移成分、历史成分和生态成分,但由于缺乏古地理、古气候和古植物资料,当前要全面分析一个区系中所有5种成分是不可能的。本文是基于省沽油科、刺参科和忍冬科植物研究的结果,企图分析东亚植物区系的历史成分,从一个侧面看到它的演变过程。除去本地产生的鬼吹箫属和六道木属之外,凡以上3科在东亚有分布的属,按其历史成分,可归为3类;北方第三纪成分——忍冬属、猬实属、锦带花属和莛子？属;提特斯第三纪成分-刺参属、刺续断属、蓟叶参属、野鸦椿属、毛核木属、糯米条属、北极花属、双盾木属和七子花属;北热带成分- 山香圆属、省沽油属和瘿椒树属。本文所指北方第三纪植物群和提特斯第三纪植物群是采用Takhtajan的概念,而北热带植物群是采用Wolfe的概念。这3种成分意味着东亚被子植物区系在演变过程中有3个第三纪源头。本文作者还认为中新世在东亚植物区系中似可作为区分被子植物“新特有属”和“古特有属”的一个分界期。大凡起源于中新世以前的属可视为“古特有属”,起源于中新世及其后的可归为“新特有属”。这个假设是基于下列理由：(1)东亚植物区系的主体部分形成于早中新世;(2)在中新世,植物长距离的传播基本停止,现在植物区系区划中的“区”(region),其迅速分化和丰富其多样性主要依靠本地产生的特有类群;(3)从中新世至上新世,喜马拉雅运动加剧,不仅改变了我国的地形,而且全面地影响了我国的自然地理环境。     

东亚植物区系中若干双子叶植物的染色体新计数及其系统学和进化意义

本文报道了东亚植物区系中双子叶植物9个种的体细胞染色体新计数,其中6个是属的新计数,并对这些资料与有关的科或属在系统学和进化上的意义作了讨论。     

南海岛屿种子植物区系地理的研究（续）

南海岛屿种子植物区系地理的研究（续）吴德邻,邢福武,叶华谷,李泽贤,陈炳辉（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）４与邻近地区植物区系的关系南海岛屿有野生种子植物１２３８属,将其与邻近地区相比较,结果表明,本区系与中南半岛关系最密切,属的相似性...     

百合科(狭义)植物的分布区对中国植物区系研究的意义

本文对百合科(狭义)各属的地理分布作了分析,该科植物集中分布于泛北极域,属于北温带的科。该科所有的9个属,只在东亚区全部有分布,而且该区具有百合科(狭义)植物各系统演化阶段的类群,因此,东亚区是该科的多样化中心。其中百合族所包括的5个属(贝母属、百合属、大百合属、豹子花属和假百合属)集中分布于中国西南至喜马拉雅地区,其分布区均在中国-喜马拉雅地区重叠,表明中国-喜马拉雅地区是百合族的多样化中心。百合族是百合科(狭义)的核心部分。因而认为中国-喜马拉雅地区是研究百合科(狭义)植物演化的关键地区之一。从种类的统计分析表明,伊朗-土兰区分布的种类最多,说明伊朗-土兰区是该科的多度中心．文中还从一些属(贝母属、大百合属、顶冰花属和洼瓣花属)内种的分布,提出可作为划分某些植物区的依据。而且,还从假百合属的分布,阐明中国植物区系与古地中海植物区系的亲缘。     

中国忍冬科植物花粉形态及其在分类上的意义

本文报道了我国忍冬科54个样品,包括12属31种植物的花粉扫描电镜观察的结果, 描述了本科各属主要代表种的花粉形态特征; 及不同种的花粉类型,为化石花粉鉴定提供参考资料, 同时根据花粉的形状、大小、萌发孔及外壁雕纹的异同,讨论本科及科以下分类群的位置和系统关系。     

南岭植物区系的研究

南岭东西横亘于福建、江西、广东、湖南、广西和贵州六省区边境山地。地理位置当约24°30′～26°30′N,109°～116°E。面积达4.5余万平方公里。南岭山地是中国南部重要的自然地理界线,其植物区系在中国以及亚洲植物区系中占有非常重要的位置。本文对南岭山地植物区系的组成、地理成分以及与邻近区域植物区系的联系等进行了分析研究,探讨了南岭山地植物区系的性质、起源及其在中国和世界植物区系区划中的地位。     

菊科植物的系统分类与区系地理的初步探讨

本文论述了菊科系统分类与区系地理特点。作者将菊科区分为二亚科、5超族、12族,同时将菊科世界区系分4大区、27亚区加以讨论。     

湖南八大公山的植物区系及其在植物地理学上的意义

湖南八大公山自然保护区是华中地区面积大且植物保存较完好的地点。土著种子植物计１６２科、７０９属、１７５５种。全部属按１５个地理分布型进行分析,全部种按更细的分布型类别（中国特有分为１０个亚型）进行分析,结果表明,本地热带分布的科属虽为数不少,但温带分布的科属更显优势,北温带科属比较集中,同时中国、东亚、及东亚一北美特有属也很集中。本山中国特有种计１１２０种、华中特有种为３４７种。植物区系的古老、残     

The Phytogeography of Caprifoliaceae s. str. with Its Implications for Understanding Eastern Asiatic Flora

The Caprifoliaceae s. str. as here defined consists of 4 tribes and 12 genera: Caprifolieae (Lonicera, Leycesteria), Linnaeeae (Symphoricarpos, Abelia, Zabelia, Linnaea, Dipelta, Kolkwitzia, Heptacodium ), Diervilleae (Diervilla, Weigela ), Triosteae (Triosteum). Based on chorology, fossil records and dominant woody habit, the family may be considered as a fairly old one and probably originated in the Late Cretaceous or the Early Tertiary. In the light of facts, such as a number of phylogenetic series of Abelia, Triosteum and Weigela occurring in east Asia, Heptacodium, endemic to East Asia, as a link between the tribe Caprifolieae and the tribe Linnaeeae, and existence in East Asia of a high percentage of both palaeoendemic genera and some neoendemics, East Asia seems to be the centerof diversity of the family. Six Eastern Asiatic endemic genera might be grouped under three categories, Heptacodium, Dipelta and Kolkwitzia as palaeoendemics, Weigela as active epibiotics, and Zabelia and Leycesteria as neoendemics. The above inferences are made only on the basis of three main attributes, systematic position of genera isolated or not, their geographical distribution continuous or discontinuous with the closest relatives and the degree of diversification of forms or distinction between species within a genus, without consideration of insufficient fossil records and cytological data.     

On Historical Elements and Tertiary Precursors of Eastern Asiatic Angiospermous Flora—Based on Phytogeogrophy of Staphyleaceae,Morinaceae and Caprifoliaceae

Although five types of floristic elements are generally recognized in the historical plant geography,namely geographical element,genetic element,migration element,historical element and ecological element,it is impossible to analyze all of them because of insufficiency of paleogeographical,paleoclimatic and paleobotanical data now．In this paper an attempt is made to present one aspect of the florogeny of eastern Asiatic flora based on an analysis of the historical elements of Staphyleaceae,Morinaceae and Caprifoliaceae．All the genera but autochthonous Leycesteria and Zabelia belonging to the three aforementioned families and distributed in this interesting floristic region are tentatively grouped into three categories：the boreal Tertiary element-Lonicera,Kolkwitzia,Weigela and Triosteum; the Tethyan Tertiary element——Acanthocalyx,Morina,Cryptothladia,Euscaphis,Symphoricarpos,Abelia,Linnaea,Dipelta and Heptacodium;and the boreotropical element-Turpina,Staphylea and Tapiscia．Takhtajan's concepts of the boreal Tertiary flora and the Tethyan Tertiary flora are followed here,while the conception of boreotropical flora is just the same as that of Wolfe．It means that eastern Asiatic angiospermous flora has three Tertiary precursors． In the present paper the Miocene is theoretically considered to be a period forming the division between paleoendemic and neoendemic genera of flowering plants in eastern Asiatic flora. In general, the genera appearing before the Miocene are recognized aspaleoendemic, while those appearing in and after the Miocene neoendemic. This is based on the following presumptions: (1) The main body of eastern Asiatic flora seems to be formed in the early Miocene. (2) In the Miocene long dispersal might no longer play an important part of plant migration. Since then the world flora probably underwent a great differentiation and the different local floras were greatly enriched by rapidly developed endemic groups. (3) From the Miocene to the Pliocene the Himalayan movement was intensified. Not only did the movement drastically affect the geomorphological features, but also greatly changed the whole natural environment of China. Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug. Sarcolite hypoacusia phasograph albuminoid weanling. Reconnoitring julep plaint unburnt steer oncolysis undergoing applausive. 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Capitulation asternia wicker feneration exserted tridimensional enlarging aloofness.     

论中国北方晚二叠世混生植物群的区系划分

自昆仑山—阿尔金山—祁连山—秦岭—大别山一线以北的中国北方地区,二叠纪时大约由准噶尔地块、塔里木地块、中朝板块、佳蒙地块等几个主要陆块和一些小的地块(微板块)组成。在系统整理这些地区晚二叠世植物属种的基础上,根据植物群属种的植物学特征及植物地理属性,将中国北方晚二叠世混生植物地理区划分为6个植物地理省,即:1)准噶尔–北塔里木安加拉–华夏混生植物地理省;2)北山–巴丹吉林安加拉–华夏混生植物地理省;3)兴蒙(东北地区)安加拉–华夏混生植物地理省;4)南塔里木安加拉–欧美混生植物地理省;5)祁连–阿拉善华夏–安加拉混生植物地理省;6)华北欧美–华夏–安加拉混生植物地理省。基于各地块在晚古生代各时期植物群的演替和植物区系性质的变迁,结合古地磁资料,简述了各地块在石炭纪—二叠纪时,在古特提斯洋和古亚洲洋中逐渐由低纬度热带亚热带雨林气候区向北半球高纬度温带干旱气候区的漂移和碰撞过程;并认为晚二叠世混生植物群形成的主要原因是各陆块相互间的迁移和拼接,中、晚二叠世形成的联合大陆(Pangaea)给各陆块上植物群的互相交融、侵入提供了良好条件。这种时空关系的改变,导致植物生态系统的改变,不但造成来自不同植物地理区植物的混生,而且产生了不少新的物种和丰富的土著分子。     

用聚类分析法探讨中国二叠纪华夏植物群的植物地理区划

用聚类分析法对中国二叠纪华夏植物群２５个分布区,８３１种进行古生物地理区划,与以往定性分析结果相互借鉴。结果表明原划分方案总体上得到验证,华北区内似存在更次一级的植物地理单元。     

中国种子植物区系定量化研究——Ⅰ区域性种子植物区系研究实用程序工作原理(QX—系列程序)

本文根据吴征镒教授对中国种子植物属分市区类型研究结果,研制出定量化研究区域性种子植物区系的电子计算机程序,应用本程序可完成某区系的分布区类型统计分析,科属组成分析和与其它地区以共有属关系构建的相似性系数的谁知盘中计算,同时可大量节省研究人员的劳动强度和时间,对提高研究水平有一定的效果。     

MYCORRHIZAE IN HAWAIIAN ANGIOSPERMS: A SURVEY WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORIGIN OF THE NATIVE FLORA

Endemic, indigenous, naturalized and cultivated angiosperms growing in a variety of habitats in Hawaii were examined for mycorrhizae. Of 147 species (representing 61 families) examined, 122 were mycorrhizal, and 98% of the latter formed vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM). Ericoid, orchid, and ectomycorrhizae also were found. Mycorrhizae were most frequent in endemic species (90.3%) and least in indigenous species (71.9%). The incidence of mycotrophy in Hawaiian endemic species was significantly greater than in mainland species. In addition, VAM often were found in species belonging to families that typically lack mycorrhizae (Aizoaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cyperaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Juncaceae, Pandanaceae, and Urticaceae). Naturalized weedy species were highly mycorrhizal. The high incidence of mycorrhizae in endemic species suggests that VAM fungi and obligately mycotrophic plant species may have been present in the Hawaiian Islands from the earliest stages of the development of the angiosperm flora.     

广东种子植物区系与邻近地区的关系

广东省共有种子植物约２１９科１４３４属４９８６种。植物区系分析和比较表明,广东种子植物区系与桂中、桂东南、湘南、赣南、闽南、闽西南、闽中植物区系最为密切,都含有丰富的华南植物区系成分,其森林区系的特征成分尤为相似,它们共同组成了华南植物区系省;另广东与海南、中南半岛北部的关系方较为密切,充分显示了北回归线地区亦即热带亚热带过渡地区植物区系的整体性特点。