细叶亚菊挥发油中抑制垂穗披碱草的化合物的分离与鉴定

用气相色谱－质谱联机光谱分析法,分离、提纯,鉴定细叶亚菊挥发油中抑制垂穗披碱草生长的化合物４９种,有α－蒎烯、莰烯、蒈品－３－烯、桉叶油精、胡薄荷酮、樟脑、萜品烯－４－醇和乙酸菊烯酸酯８种主要化合物,而占总细对亚菊挥发油的８２．８０％。其中樟脑最多,胡薄荷酮和桉对油精为次。     

灌木亚菊挥发油化学成分研究

利用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术,结合标准谱库,对甘肃产灌木亚菊的挥发油成分进行了研究,共鉴定出44种成分,占挥发油成分总量的90．49％,其中单萜、倍半萜类成分较多,这两类化合物分别占挥发油成分总量的42．39％和27．09％。含量居前三位的成分分别是1,7,7-三甲基-双环庚-2-酮（12．83％）,桉叶油素（9．94％）和十氢-α,α,4α-三甲基-8-亚甲基-2-甲醇萘（6．46％）。     

菊属与亚菊属属间杂种的鉴定及其分类学意义

通过有性杂交的方法获得了栽培菊花“奥运火炬”Dendranthema×grandiflorum“Aoyunhuoju”和亚菊属Ajania矶菊A.pacifica的属间杂种。形态学、细胞学以及RAPD分子标记鉴定表明22个杂种为真正的属间杂种,成功地将矶菊的某些性状（叶色）转移到栽培菊花中,但同时也掺入了某些不良性状。杂种的叶色、叶形、花色、开花枝的分枝性和花期等性状均介于双亲之间,边缘舌状雌花大小、数量和形态不一;杂种根尖染色体数目正常（2n=72）,花粉母细胞减数分裂基本正常。矶菊与栽培菊花属间杂交的成功以及杂种减数分裂染色体行为正常表明两者亲缘关系较近,从而推测菊属Dendranthema与亚菊属之间的亲缘关系可能较近。     

单头亚菊的组织培养与快速繁殖

以单头亚菊茎段为外植体对其进行组织培养,MS为基本培养基,设置不同激素浓度配比。对实验结果进行观察分析,筛选出合适的配方。启动培养基为Ms＋0．5mg·L-16-BA＋0．01mg·L-1NAA。继代培养基MS＋O．75mg·L-1。6-BA＋0．01mg·L。NAA,可获得较高的增殖率。不定根最适诱导培养基为1／2MS＋O．15mg·L—IBA,生根率达87％以上,组培苗移栽成活率达98％。     

紫花亚菊（Ajania purpurea）的组织培养与快速繁殖

以紫花亚菊茎段为外植体对其进行组织培养,MS为基本培养基,设置不同激素浓度配比,对试验结果进行观察分析,筛选出适合的配方：启动培养基为MS＋6-BA0.5mg·L-1＋NAA0.01mg·L-1;继代培养基MS＋6-BA0.3mg·L-1＋NAA0.05mg·L-1,组培苗分化率高;不定根最适诱导培养基为：1/2MS＋IBA0.15mg·L-1,生根率达90%以上,组培苗移栽成活率达95%。     

细叶亚菊挥发油主要化学成分对垂穗披碱草初期生长抑制机理的研究

细叶亚菊挥发油主要化学成分对垂穗披碱草初期生长抑制机理的研究白雪芳,张宝琛（中国科学院西北高原生物研究所西宁,８１０００３）ＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＳＴＡＰＬＥＣＯＭＰＯＳＴＩＯＮＯＦＡＪＡＮＩＡＴＥＮＵＩＦＯＬＩＡＯＩＬＯＮＩＮＨＩＢＩＴＩＯＮＭＡＣＨＡＮＩ...     

横断山区两种菊科植物的核型研究

对横断山区两种菊科植物圆齿狗娃花和细叶亚菊进行了染色体数目报道和核型研究,其中圆齿狗娃花为首次报道,2n=18=2x=18m(2SAT);而细叶亚菊的为新的染色体数目,2n=72=8x=56m+16sm,与之前报道的36不同。研究结果发现菊科植物这两个属在横断山及其它地区同时存在二倍体与多倍体。     

亚菊的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称亚菊[Ajaniapallasiana(Fisch.exBess.)Poljak.]。2材料类别茎段。3培养条件以MS为基本培养基,添加30g·L-1蔗糖和7g·L-1琼脂,pH5.8。初始芽诱导培养基:(1)MS+6-BA1.35mg·L-1(单位下同)+NAA0.186。丛生芽诱导培养基:(2)MS+6-BA1.35+NAA0.186;(3)MS+6-BA1.13+NAA0.186;(4)MS+6-BA0.90+NAA0.186;(5)MS+6-BA0.68+NAA0.186;(6)M S。生根培养基:无生长调节物质的M S培养基。培养温度为(25±2)℃,日光灯照明16h·d-1,光强40μmol·m-2·s-1。4生长与分化情况4.1初代培养7￣8月,取露地种植的亚菊无病虫害、生长健壮…     

不同海拔细叶亚菊挥发油成分的比较

采集不同海拔的细叶亚菊地上部分为原料，采用水蒸馏法提取挥发油。用GC-MS对挥发油进行化学成分分析，通过SPSS 22.0统计软件分析共有成分与海拔高度的相关性。不同海拔高度细叶亚菊中挥发油成分差异明显，共有成分5种，分别为樟脑、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、桉叶油素、（-）-4-萜品醇。各海拔挥发油中含量最高的化学物质依次为桉叶油素、樟脑、邻-异丙基苯、樟脑、桉叶油素。各海拔相对含量在5%以上的化合物相同的只有桉叶油素。相关性分析结果显示这5种共有成分的含量与海拔并无显著相关性。海拔高度对挥发油中共有成分含量的变化无规律性影响。     

基于形态性状的菊属与亚菊属植物亲缘关系研究

依据菊花DUS测试指南中性状观测和分级的方法,记录了菊属、亚菊属共31个物种叶片和花序的共计8个定性多态性状,并测量了各物种叶片的14个形态指标,将其转换为7个数量多态性状,分别基于定性多态性状代码和叶片数量多态性状数值利用聚类分析研究其亲缘关系,将两次聚类结果进行比较。结果发现,基于定性多态性状和叶片数量多态性状的聚类结果均可以对菊花近缘属植物进行亲缘关系分析,并与前人利用分子标记的亲缘关系研究及植物学传统分类的研究结果一致,能够较准确地反映种间亲缘关系。而利用菊花DUS测试相关定性多态性状的信息进行亲缘关系研究,具有准确度高、采样简便、工作量小的优点。     

A Revision of Ajania potaninii ( Krasch.) Poljak. Group (Compositae)

In 1983, in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 76 (1) Ajania potaninii (Krasch.) Poljak. was treated broadly by the present author. At that time, Chrysanthemum potaninii (Krasch.) Hand.-Mazz. var. amphiseriaceum Hand.-Mazz. , Chrysanthemum truncatum Hand. -Mazz. and Ajania hypoleuca Ling in shed were treated as synonyms of Ajania potaninii (Krasch.) Poljak. Evidently, the treatment of the three taxa was not suitable. It seems neccessary to make further revision in the present paper. Abovementioned three names treated as synonyms should be regarded as three different species of Ajania. However, these three species are closely related to Ajania potaninii (Krasch.) Poljak. They are keying as follows: 1. Leaves undivided. 2. Leaves discolour, green, glabrous above, cinereous-white, densely white-tomentose beneath ............................................. 1. Ajania potaninii (Krasch.) Poljak. 2. Leaves concolour on both sides, cinereous-white, densely white-tomentose ......... ................................................ 2. Ajania amphiseriacea (Hand. -Mazz. ) Shih 1. Leaves pinnatipartite or pinnatisect. 3. Leaves pinnatipartite, discolour, green, glabrous above, cinereous-white, densely white-tomentose beneath ....................................... 3. Ajania hypoleuca Ling 3. Leaves pinnatisect, concolour on both sides, cinereous-white, densely white-tomen- rosa ............................................. 4. Ajania truncata (Hand.-Mazz. ) Ling     

干旱胁迫下沙枣和孩儿拳头叶绿素荧光特性研究

以沙枣和孩儿拳头2年生盆栽苗为材料,采用称重控水的方法设置对照（土壤含水量为25.6%~27.2%）,轻度胁迫（19.2%~20.8%）,中度胁迫（12.8%~14.4%）,重度胁迫（6.4%~8.0%）4个梯度,研究了干旱胁迫对沙枣和孩儿拳头色素含量和叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明：（1）随着干旱胁迫的加剧,两物种叶绿素a含量,叶绿素a/b比值,总叶绿素含量呈下降趋势,且叶绿素a对干旱胁迫的反应较叶绿素b敏感,但两物种叶绿素b含量和胡萝卜素含量变化规律不一致。（2）随着干旱胁迫的加剧,孩儿拳头F_m、F_v呈下降趋势,沙枣相反,但两物种F₀呈增加趋势,F_v/F₀、F′_v/F′_m呈下降趋势,F_v/F_m差异不显著;PhiPS2、ETR、qP先升高后降低,NPQ则先降低后升高。（3）虽然两物种表现出较强的抗旱性,但在重度干旱胁迫下（6.4%~8.0%）,光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数受到较大影响,推测此时的土壤水分含量为两物种光合色素、光系统Ⅱ的耐受极限;物种间相比,孩儿拳头更为敏感,在今后的园林管护中,要根据土壤水分状况和物种间的差异做好园林灌溉。     

不同种类无机盐对灰毡毛忍冬“渝蕾1号”悬浮培养体系中细胞生长和绿原酸含量的影响

为提高灰毡毛忍冬"渝蕾1号"悬浮培养体系中绿原酸的含量,该研究探讨了B_5培养基中不同浓度的无机盐对灰毡毛忍冬"渝蕾1号"悬浮培养细胞生物量及绿原酸含量的影响,通过在悬浮培养体系中添加不同浓度的无机盐,采用重量法测定灰毡毛忍冬"渝蕾1号"悬浮培养细胞的生物量及采用高效液相色谱法测定绿原酸的含量。结果表明:当硝态氮和铵态氮配比与B_5培养基中硝态氮和铵态氮配比一致时,即NO_3~-/NH_4~+摩尔比值为13∶1时,培养体系有利于细胞的生长和绿原酸的积累。当KNO_3浓度为3.5 g·L~(-1)时,细胞生物量达到最大,为19.26 g·L~(-1);当KNO_3在较低浓度(0.5 g·L~(-1)和1.5 g·L~(-1))时,积累较多的绿原酸。NO_3~-的两项研究结果均与对照浓度(2.5g·L~(-1))有一定的差异。另外,对(NH_4)_2SO_4来说,在高于对照浓度0.134 g·L~(-1),即浓度为0.268 g·L~(-1)时,生物量和绿原酸含量都达到了最大。P、Ca、Mg三种矿质元素的研究结果表明,当Na H_2PO_4·2H_2O浓度为0.10 g·L~(-1)、Ca Cl_2的浓度为0.20 g·L~(-1)时,细胞的生长和绿原酸的积累均可达到最大值;而对Mg~(2+)来说,低浓度促进细胞的生长,高浓度促进绿原酸的积累。兼顾细胞生物量和绿原酸含量两个指标,需选择适中的浓度。这些结果均与对照浓度有一定的差异。这说明灰毡毛忍冬"渝蕾1号"悬浮细胞所需无机盐的浓度与B_5培养基无机盐的浓度有一定的差异,选择适宜的浓度可促进其悬浮细胞的生长及次生代谢产物绿原酸的积累。该研究结果为绿原酸的工业化生产打下了基础。     

Aster ageratoides var. pendulus W. P. Li & G. X. Chen,a new variety of Aster (Asteraceae) from Hunan,China

Aster ageratoides var. pendulus W. P. Li & G. X. Chen, a new variety of Aster (Asteraceae) from Shimen County, northwestern Hunan, China, is described. The variety is similar to A. ageratoides var. laticorymbus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz., from which it differs by having pendent stem, basal leaves and lower stem leaves purple beneath, stem leaves linear, hispid above, and broader phyllaries. The new variety is also possibly similar to A. ageratoides var. micranthus Ling in the linear leaves and white ligules, but differs by having the phyllaries green at apex, 1.25–1.75 mm wide, and the obvious creeping underground rhizomes.     

伏毛铁棒锤不同器官生物碱含量动态变化研究

采用紫外分光光度法,对宁夏六盘山地区不同海拔、不同月份、野生和人工栽培的伏毛铁棒锤总生物碱含量进行分析.结果显示:(1)总生物碱在伏毛铁棒锤各器官中均有分布,其中以块根中含量最高(9.07±0.92 mg/g),叶的含量(3.2±1.7 mg/g)最低.(2)块根中的总生物碱含量随生长发育期的变化而不同,其中:6～11月份块根中总生物碱含量随生长期延长而逐渐升高,10月份块根含量达最高(9.07±0.92 mg/g).(3)在同一地区,总生物碱含量随海拔高度的升高而增加,在海拔高度为2 800 m时块根中含量达到10.04±0.51 mg/g,其他器官中总生物碱的含量变化基本相似.(4)在相同海拔高度下,野生伏毛铁棒锤总生物碱含量略高于人工栽培的,但差异不显著(P>0.05).研究表明,人工栽培的伏毛铁棒锤块根可以替代野生种做为药用,且在六盘山区人工种植的块根最佳采收期为10月,在选择人工种植区应考虑选择较高的海拔地区.     

濒危植物马蹄参的小孢子发生和雄配子体发育

采用常规石蜡切片法观察马蹄参小孢子形成和雄配子体发育的过程,探讨其濒危机制与雄性生殖发育的关系,为马蹄参的保护与繁殖提供基础资料。结果表明:(1)花药具4个花粉囊,花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层、绒毡层4层构成,花药壁的发育类型为基本型;(2)小孢子母细胞减数分裂时胞质分裂为同时型,四分体排列方式为四面体型;(3)成熟花粉为2-细胞型;(4)扫描电镜观察发现马蹄参成熟花粉极面观呈钝三角形,赤道面观呈长球形,具3个萌发孔。研究认为,马蹄参不存在雄性生殖结构与发育过程异常。     

盐胁迫对2种珍贵速生树种种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以1/2Hoagland营养液为基础培养液,研究了在0.1%、0.2%、0.4%和0.6%NaCl胁迫条件下,毛红椿〔Toona ciliata Roem. var. pubescens(Franch.)Hand.-Mazz.〕和水松〔Glyptostrobus pensilis(Staunt.ex D.Don)K.Koch〕的种子萌发和幼苗生长情况。结果表明,随着NaCl浓度的增加,2个树种的种子萌发率和简化苗木活力指数均明显下降,在0.1%、0.2%、0.4%和0.6%NaCl胁迫条件下,毛红椿和水松种子的最终萌发率分别为89.3%、87.3%、62.7%、32.0%和26.0%、16.7%、6.0%、3.3%,简化苗木活力指数分别为1.39~0.08和1.52~0.07,且毛红椿的种子萌发率和简化苗木活力指数均明显高于水松。萌发恢复实验结果表明,高浓度NaCl处理后的种子具有较高的萌发恢复率。根据实验结果初步判定毛红椿种子具有较强的耐盐性。     

雌雄异株稀有植物伞花木(Eurycorymbus caraleriei)自然居群的等位酶遗传多样性研究

伞花木（Eurycorymbus caraleriei）为中国特有的第三纪孑遗单种属植物,雌雄异株。采用超薄平板微型聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦电泳方法对其5个自然居群和1个人工迁地保护居群的等位酶变异进行了初步研究。对7个酶系统中14个位点的等位酶居群遗传多样性及遗传结构分析结果表明：伞花木具有较高水平的遗传多样性,其每位点平均等位基因数A=1．6,平均多态位点比率P=42．9％,平均预期遗传杂合度Hr=0．216;各居群的遗传多样性无显著性差异,但都表现为严重偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡的杂合子过量;其遗传变异主要发生在居群内（93．1％）,居群间分化较小（Gst=0．069）,居群问遗传一致度较高（I=0．965～1．000）。推断这可能是由于其古老孑遗性、雌雄异株、混和传粉方式的生物学特性以及其长寿命的生活史等原因所导致;同时,居群间的较高基因流（Nm=3．128）也可能起到很大的作用。还使用UPGMA聚类方法推断了武汉植物园迁地保护的野外居群来源,在对迁地保护居群的评价中发现迁地保护居群仅保存了该物种基因型多样性的16％,在此基础上提出了今后进一步的保育策略。     

Materials for Chinese Ainsliaea (Compositae)

The genus, Ainsliaea DC. from China is revised in this paper. Three species, A. nana Y. C. Tseng, A. pingbianensis Y. G. Tseng and A. trinervis Y. C. Tseng, are newly described; two species, A. chapaensis Merr. and A. angustifolia Hook. f. et Thoms. ex C. B. Clarke are new records for China and two new combinations, A. apteroides (Chang) Y. C. Tseng and A. macrocephala (Mattf.) Y. C. Tseng, are made. In addition, one species, A. hypoleuca Diels ex Limpr. and four varieties, A. bonatii Beauverd var. arachnoidea Beauverd, A. pteropoda DC. var. leiophylla Franch., A. elegans Hemsl. var. tomentosa Mattf. and A. glabra Hemsl. var. tenuiculis (Mattf.)Chang, are reduced to synonyms.     

A Revision of Genus Yinshania (Cruciferae)

The genus Yinshania was established by Ma Yu-chuan and Zhao Yi-zhi in 1979, when only one species, Y. albiflora Ma et Y. Z. Zhao, was discribed from Nei Monggol. In the present paper the genus Yinshania is revised and four new species, two new varieties and four new combinetions are reported. There are so far eight species and two varieties in total in this genus. Important morphological characters of the genus are analysed, which shows that the lateral nectariferous glands positioned at lateral base of the brevistamens are triangularovoid; there are dense minute pustules on the surface of valves, which is easily neglected because the pustules disappear or shrinked when dry; simple or furcate hairs are present in the most species, seldom absent; the shape of pollen grains is relatively steady, elliptic or long-elliptic, with the polar view trifidcircular, the equatorial view elliptic or long elliptic, the aperture 3-colpate, exine reticular. The type of genus Yinshania is changed. Cochlearia acutangula O. E. Schulz was published in 1929, but Y. albiflora Ma et Y. Z. Zhao in 1979. They are the same species and a new combinetion, Y. acutangula (O. E. Schulz) Y. H. Zhang, is made. Thus, the type of genus Yinshania should be changed to Y. acutangula (O. E. Schulz) Y. H. Zhang. Besides, He Ye-qi 6121 (paratype, PE), which is different from Y. acutangula var. albiflora, is separated from it and transferred the typical variety, Y. acutangula. According to the characters of fruit shape the genus Yinshania is divided into two sections, namely, Sect. Microcarpa and Sect. Yinshania, and then Sect. Yinshania is subdivided into two series. Sect. 1. Microcarpa. Silicles widely ovoid or subglobose, 1-2.2 mm long, 0.8-2.2 mm wide, the ratio of length and width about 1.1. Sect. 2. Yinshania. Silicles oblong, oblong-ovoid or long-lanceolate, ellipsoidal, 1.5-4.5 mm long, 0.3-1.5 mm wide, the ratio of length and width about 2.5-3.3. Ser. 1. Henryanae. Raches flexuose; plants densely hairy; leaves 3-5-foliolate, seldom pinnatipartite or pinnatisect. Ser. 2. Yinshania. Raches non flexuose; plants sparsely hairy; leaves pinnatisect or pinnatipartite. The genus Yinshania is a genus endemic to China, with their range from eastern Xizang to western Hubei from northern Guizhou to central Nei Monggol. The taxa are mostly of a small area. Sect. Microcarpa is concentrated in Sichuan and southern Gansu; Sect. Yinshania is spread from Xizang and Sichuan, nouthwards to Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi, Hebei and Nei Monggol (Ser. Yinshania); and from Sichuan south-eastwards to Guizhou and Hebei (Ser. Henryanae). There are five species in Sichuan. The present paper conjectures that the distribution centre of the genus is in the Hengduan Mountains and its adjacent areas.