芸苔族几种植物花粉形态的研究

对芸苔族８种２变种的花粉进行了光镜和扫描电镜观察。其中４种２变种为首次报道。研究表明,芸苔族植物花粉形态特征基本一致。但在花粉大小、萌发孔类型以及外壁纹饰上种间存在一定的差异。同时发现该族植物的花粉大小与其染色体数有一定的相关性。     

植物分类学报第三十二卷总目录(1994)

第一期桦木科植物的系统发育和地理分布(待续) ………………………………………………陈之端(1)中国独活属的核型研究………………………………………何兴金溥发鼎 王萍莉 王幼平(32)植物染色体图象分析数据库在芸苔族分类研究中的应用…………………………………………… ………………………………………………蓝泽蘧许介眉杨毅李旭锋黄建等(41)中国粗叶木属(茜草科)植物的分类研究…………………………………………………朱 华(49)横断山蹄盖蕨科新分类群……………………………………...……………………………王中f_==(82)粉背蕨属一些…     

中国芸苔族植物染色体数目的观察

本文报道了在我国分布或栽培的5属、41种和变种的芸苔族植物的花粉母细胞减数分裂期的染色体数,其中15种和变种是新报道。个别种类的数目与以往的报道不完全一致。     

异叶苣苔属(苦苣苔科)的核型研究

本文首次报道了中国特有异叶苣苔属的染色体数目及核型。该属所研究种类的染色体数目均为 2n＝18,染色体长度在2.0µm以上,在尖舌苣苔族所报道的染色体中显示出较原始的性状。尖舌苣苔 族的染色体基数可能是x=9。异叶苣苔属的间期核均为复杂型;前期染色体呈渐变型。核型从对称型 向不对称型的演化主要表现在近中部着丝粒,尤其是近端部着丝粒染色体比例的增大。毕节异叶苣苔 W．bljieensis和峨眉异叶苣苔W．tsiangiana var．wilsonii的核型分别为2n=2m＋8m＋8sm(1sat)和 2n=2m＋8m(1sat)＋8sm(2sat),较为对称。紫红异叶苣苔W．purpurascens和白花异叶苣苔W. tsiangiana var. tsiangiana的核型分别为2n=4m＋6sm＋8st(1sat)和2n=4m＋8sm(2sat)＋6st,比较 特化。河口异叶苣苔W．hekouensis的核型是2n=4m+10sm(1sat)+4st,处于二者之间。峨眉异叶苣 苔和原变种白花异叶苣苔的核型差异较大,在外部形态方面二者之间的性状变异也间断较大。本文建 议将该变种从白花异叶苣苔W．tsiangiana中移出自成一种,并和毕节异叶苣苔近缘。     

天门冬科广义铃兰族的染色体数目与核型进化研究

广义铃兰族包括6属200余种单子叶植物,具有较为稳定的染色体数目以及明显的核型变化,是研究植物染色体进化非常理想的类群.该研究采用常规压片法对铃兰族5个物种植物的染色体形态、数目及其核型进行了观察分析,并全面收集和整理了铃兰族所有已报道的共81种253条的染色体记录,通过综合统计、重建系统发育树,探讨铃兰族属间以及各属...     

苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)植物研究进展

苦苣苔科植物具有极高的分类学、进化系统学、植物地理学等方面的研究价值。对我国的苦苣苔科植物的分布等进行了简要阐述,并对其绝灭和濒危机制、植物形态系统学、花粉形态学、核型分析、DNA序列分析、基因克隆和种群遗传结构以及观赏价值等方面进行了综述分析。     

植物资源开发利用新信息——国外有关植物的专利摘要(九)

241.改进组培方法可提高莨菪烷的产量 据日本1990年专利记载,通过改进茄科植物澳茄(Duboisia mgoporoides)组织培养的方法,可以较大幅度地提高莨菪烷(东莨菪胺,scopolamin)的产量。 242.芸苔甾族化合物的生产 芸苔甾族化合物为植物生长调节剂,获得方法是:先通过豆科、十字花科或伞形科植物种子或组织的体细胞培养诱导不定胚,再从不定胚分离芸苔甾族化合物。据日本1990年专利记载,用大豆子叶组织培养诱导不定胚,再用乙醇和醋酸乙酯提取,经过色层分离,每千克大豆可产生188微克芸苔甾族化合物。     

山东牵牛属植物的核型研究

牵牛属（PharbitisChoisy）植物山东有3种,即牵牛P．hederacea（L．）Choisy、裂叶牵牛P．nil（L．）Choisy和圆叶牵牛P.purpurea（L.）Voist。裂叶牵牛的染色体数目已有报道[1~3],但未见核型报道,牵牛和圆叶牵牛均未见染色体数目及核型报道[4~6]。笔者对这3种植物的染色体数目及核型进行了比较研究,旨在为该属植物细胞分类学的系统研究积累资料。1材料与方法实验材料采自山东千佛山牵牛、裂叶牵牛和圆叶牵牛的种子,常规根尖压片,每种植物观察100个细胞。核型分析按李懋学等[7]报道的标准,核型不对称性按Stebbins[8]的分类方法。…     

三种木莲属(木兰科)植物的核型研究

为探讨巴东木莲 (Manglietiapatungensis)的分类学地位 ,对巴东木莲以及它的近缘种红花木莲 (M insignis)和乳源木莲 (M yuyuanensis)进行了核型研究。乳源木莲和巴东木莲的核型公式为 2n =34m (2sat) 4sm ,红花木莲的为 2n =32m 6sm (2sat)。结合前人的研究说明木莲属的核型比较稳定 ,核型不对称性均为较对称的 2B型 ,只是在核型不对称系数、染色体相对长度、最长染色体与最短染色体比值等方面有细微差异。红花木莲和巴东木莲的核型为首次报道。核型分析结果不支持将巴东木莲归并到红花木莲中的分类学处理     

芸苔族几种植物花托离体培养直接出芽的研究

芸苔族几种植物花托离体培养直接出芽的研究张雪梅,罗鹏（四川大学植物研究所,成都６１００６４）关键词离体培养,花托,出芽,芸苔族ＢＵＤＰＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＥＸＣＩＳＥＤＲＥＣＥＰＴＡＣＬＥＳＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＤＩＮＶＩＴＲＯＩＮＢＲＡＳＳＩＣＥＡＥ￥Ｚ...     

Chromosome Numbers of Brassiceae (Cruciferae) in China

Reported in this paper are chromosome numbers of 41 species and varieties of Brassiceae in China, belonging to 5 genera. The chromosome numbers of 15 Species and varieties are first reported and some problems concerning chromosome numbers of Brassiceae are also discussed.     

Evolution of SINE S1 retroposons in Cruciferae plant species

The S1 element is a plant short interspersed element (SINE) that was first described and studied in Brassica napus. In this work, we investigated the distribution and the molecular phylogeny of the S1 element within the Cruciferae (= Brassicaceae). S1 elements were found to be widely distributed within the Cruciferae, especially in species of the tribe Brassiceae. The molecular phylogeny of S1 elements in eight Cruciferae species (Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa, Brassica napus, Brassica nigra, Sinapis, arvensis, Sinapis pubescens, Coincya monensis, and Vella spinosa) was inferred using 14-36 elements per species. Significant neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic clusters, supported by high bootstrap P values and/or represented in 100% of the most-parsimonious trees, were observed for each species. Most of these clusters probably correspond to recent species-specific bursts of S1 amplification. Since these species diverged recently, S1 amplification in Cruciferae plants is proposed to be a highly dynamic process that could contribute to genome rearrangements and eventually lead to reproductive isolation. S1 sequence analysis also revealed putative gene conversion events that occurred between different S1 elements of a given species. These events suggest that gene conversion is a minor but significant component of the molecular drive governing S1 concerted evolution.      

The mosaic of ancestral karyotype blocks in the Sinapis alba L. genome

The organisation of the Sinapis alba genome, comprising 12 linkage groups (n = 12), was compared with the Brassicaceae ancestral karyotype (AK) genomic blocks previously described in other crucifer species. Most of the S. alba genome falls into conserved triplicated genomic blocks that closely match the AK-defined genomic blocks found in other crucifer species including the A, B, and C genomes of closely related Brassica species. In one instance, an S. alba linkage group (S05) was completely collinear with one AK chromosome (AK1), the first time this has been observed in a member of the Brassiceae tribe. However, as observed for other members of the Brassiceae tribe, ancestral genomic blocks were fragmented in the S. alba genome, supporting previously reported comparative chromosome painting describing rearrangements of the AK karyotype prior to the divergence of the Brassiceae from other crucifers. The presented data also refute previous phylogenetic reports that suggest S. alba was more closely related to Brassica nigra (B genome) than to B. rapa (A genome) and B. oleracea (C genome). A comparison of the S. alba and Arabidopsis thaliana genomes revealed many regions of conserved gene order, which will facilitate access to the rich genomic resources available in the model species A. thaliana for genetic research in the less well-resourced crop species S. alba.     

西藏巨柏核型的图象自动分析与识别的研究

我们应用图象自动分析和识别的原理和方法,建立了植物染色体自动分析CHROMHUK软件系统,并首次对西藏巨柏进行了核型自动分析,抽取了染色体多个特征多数:相对长度、臂比、着丝点指数、相对体密度和次缢痕相对长度.对247个巨柏体细胞进行多参数数据统计和分析,并设置95°.置信判别区域和树分类判别.实现了染色体自动配对和分类,并由计算机直接输出染色体的组型图和核型模式图.分析结果表明:巨柏体细胞的染色体数目为2n=22,按Levan的分类标准,其核型公式为2n=4m(SC)+16m+2sm.据Stabbins分类为1A型.     

Studies on Image Automated Analysis and Recognition of Plant Chromosome

A plant chromosome image analysis CHROM. HUK software system has been developed in the light of the theory of image analysis and recognition and applied in karyotype automated analysis of Xizang wild barley (Hordeum agriocrithon Aberg var. nigrum) and Cupressus gigantea Cheng et L. K. Fu. The main features of automated analysis include the pre-processing of chromosome image, determinating peak-valley threshold of chromosome, separation of overlapping chromosome, evaluation of centre line of chromosome,limit erotion recognition of position of centromere and second constric, extraction of characterictic parameters of chromosome and karyotype analysis. The vast amount of data obtained could be stored, operated and used for further statistical analysis. According to the estimation in the 95% confidence interval and the tree type sort, the chromosome were paired and sorted. In the meantime, a karyogram and an idiogram of karyotype were generated automatically through computerization.     

中国蕨类植物细胞分类学研究概况

中国蕨类植物类群十分丰富,由63科230属约2600种组成,其中约有10％的种类为中国特有。迄今为止,中国蕨类植物进行过染色体计数的种类约有395种,仅占中国蕨类植物总数的15％,其中48％为多倍体。本文对中国蕨类植物细胞分类学研究的历史和现状进行了综合评述。文中论述了蕨类植物染色体数目和染色体基数在系统学上的应用以及蕨类植物染色体组型分析、多倍化、无融合生殖、多倍体复合体及网状进化的研究概况。中国20多年的蕨类植物细胞分类学研究表明,蕨类植物的染色体数目、基数、组型分析、多倍化及其繁殖方式对蕨类植物的分类、起源和演化的研究都有重要作用,对种及种复合体的鉴定、科属的划分也有重要的参考价值。并对中国蕨类植物细胞分类学研究提出了一些建议。     

Molecular Systematics and Evolution of Arabidopsis and Arabis

Abstract: We provide a phylogenetic analysis of the genera Arabidopsis and Arabis based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. We show that traditional taxonomical concepts within tribe Ara-bideae, which includes these genera, are highly artificial. Arabis and Arabidopsis are paraphyletic and consist of several different independent lineages. The genus Capsella, originally placed in tribe Lepideae, is related to North American Arabis and the Arabidopsis thaliana lineage. Other genera, including East Asian Yin-shania, North American Halimolobus, cosmopolitan Barbarea and Cardamine, and European Aubrieta are positioned among different Arabis lineages. One Arabis species, Arabis pauciflora, is only distantly related to tribe Arabideae. Base chromosome number reduction from n = 8 to n = 5 to 7 occurred several times, suggesting that lower base chromosome numbers than n = 8 are derived in tribe Arabideae. Current knowledge on the evolution and systematics of the genera Arabis and Arabidopsis and relationships within the mustard family are summarized and discussed in the light of convergent evolution and transfer of knowledge from Arabidopsis thaliana as a molecular model plant to other species of the Cruciferae.     

植物物种、模式产地种群调查与iFlora

澄清植物种类是植物分类学研究的基础,也是开展iFlora编研的前提,而植物物种调查则为其提供了最为基础和重要的研究素材。传统的植物物种调查,或以植物区系调查为目的,或是专类植物资源搜集．往往较为忽视种群层面的调查。iFlora计划中,基于地方种群的植物物种调查应予以重视和贯彻实施。系统的植物物种调查将以“个体（标本）一（地方繁育）种群一物种”为核心展开,其中地方繁育种群是调查的中心环节。调查内容将兼顾种群的形态学、生态学和遗传学三方面的学科需求,以期获得全面详实的物种数据,并藉此建立一套完整规范的物种“档案”。在整个植物物种调查中,“模式产地种群”是关注的重点,需制定缜密的调查方案并优先实施。由于模式标本的残缺、原始描述的简略,在未来的物种分类研究中,植物分类学者必须认真考虑“产地模式标本”和“模式产地种群”所扮演的重要角色。作为自然界中客观存在的群体,“模式产地种群”不仅仅是模式标本的注脚和补充,它犹如地质学上的“金钉子”．将为研究者提供最为权威和充分的形态学、生态学和遗传学等研究信息,从而真正将物种分类研究从“故纸堆”的困境中解放出来。