AN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE NATURE RESERVE OF THE JIUZHAIGOU VALLEY

The Jiuzhaigou Valley is a new nature reserve. On December 15, 1978, it was approved to be a nature reserve by the State Council of the People's Republic of China in the document of (1978) No. 256 about a Report on Strengthening the Preservation and Domestication of Giant Panda.     

Expression of the difference between the Cold (Han) and Hot (Re) natures of traditional Chinese medicines (Strobal and Rhubarb) based on the cold/hot plate differentiating assay

In this study, objective differences between the Cold (Han) and Hot (Re) nature of traditional Chinese medicines, e.g. Strobal and Rhubarb, are determined by using a cold/hot plate differentiation technology. A novel, self-designed cold/hot plate differentiating instrument, with methodological study, was used to investigate the intervention of Strobal and Rhubarb on the temperature tropism of mice. Compared with the ICR and BALB/c mice, it was found that KM mice on the cold/hot plate were more sensitive to the change of temperature, within the tolerant temperature range of 15—40℃. The temperature tropism behavior of mice is influenced by treatment with Rhubarb and Strobal, as is the activity of ATPase in liver tissue. These trends are consistent with the definition of the Cold/Hot nature of Chinese medicines based on traditional Chinese medicinal theory. This study showed that the differences of the Cold/Hot nature of traditional Chinese medicines. might be objectively represented by the temperature tropism of animal by means of cold/hot differentiating assay.     

Molecular Integrators of Neuropathy and Pain in Diabetes Mellitus

Glycation of nucleotides, proteins and phospholipids contributes to the development of late diabetic complications,including the most debilitating one——diabetic neuropathy. Reactive intermediates of AGE formation such as glyoxal, methylglyoxal(MG) and other dicarbonyls are detoxified by the glyoxalase-system. However little is known about the regulation and nature of the mechanisms underlying neuropathology. Therefore we decided to focus on the role of MG-glyoxalase 1(GLO-1) system in modulation of painful diabetic neuropathy.     

我国植物标本室代号介绍

<正> 《广西植物》近年来先后刊登了我国植物标本室代号存在的问题(毕培曦,8(1):65—74,1988)及改进建议(马金双,9(1):95,1989)。现第八版《世界植物标本馆索引》(Index Herbariorum, part Ⅰ, The Herbaria of The World, 8th ed., P. K. Holmgten等编著,1990,New York, USA)已经出版,其中收载我国的标本馆(室)     

Hepatitis B surface antigen expression in NT-1 cells of tobacco using different expression cassettes

Nicotiana tabacum 1 (NT-1) cells were transformed with four different expression cassettes of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The transformed nature of the cells was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression levels were assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressivities varied among the different cassettes and the maximum expression of 16.6 ng g⁻¹(f.m.) of cells was noted in pEFEHER transformed cells. Salicylic acid (100 μM) treatment resulted in 1.8 fold increase of expression in pEFEHBS transformed cells. The effect of different concentrations of kanamycin and geneticin was studied on the growth of transformed cells and HBsAg expression. The cell growth was optimum at lower concentrations of the antibiotics, and the maximum expression was noted at 200 mg dm⁻³ of kanamycin.     

Molecular mechanism of diapause in insect (I) --Expression of diapause hormone gene and incubation temperature in embryonic stage of Bombyx mori

The embryonic diapause of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, is induced by the diapause hormone (DH) which is secreted from the suboesophageal ganglion of pupae. The diapause nature of bivoltine strains uses environmental stimuli as the initial signal to determine the diapause nature. The experiments showed that DH gene expression is a direct response to the environmental stimulus, such as high incubation temperature. The cDNA from the embryonic stage was cloned and sequence analysis showed the cDNA encoding DH. Expression patterns of the DH gene in embryonic stage are different at incubation temperatures 15℃ and 25℃, suggesting that the incubation temperature as an environmental signal is kept within the body to control the DH gene expression at the pupal stage, so that the embryonic diapause of next generation can be determined.     

DNA双螺旋模型的建立——基因的物质本性

1953年,沃森和克里克阐明了他们关于DNA双螺旋结构的假说。沃森-克里克模型标志着分子生物学的诞生。沃森和克里克为遗传学乃至整个生命科学作出了非凡贡献。 The Double Helix Model of DNA Structure——The Physical Nature of the Gene GAO Yi-zhi Southeast University,School of Medicine,Nanjing 210009,China Abstract:In 1953,Watson and Crick set forth their hypothesis for the double-helical nature of DNA.The Watson-Crick model had an immediate effect on the emerging discipline of molecular biology.It was a remarkable feat and highly significant in the history of genetics and biology. Key words：The Watson-Crick model;history of genetics     

浙江丽水生态示范区的野生珍稀植物资源

The investigation of the plant resources of Lishui Ecological Demonstrative Area indicates that there are 18 families,27 genera and 33 species(including varieties and forms) of National first-grade and second-grade wild plants for protection.The other rare and precious plants amount to 17 species.The resources condition and nature distribution of wild rare and precious plants are expounded ,and some suggestions on their sustainable utilization and conservation for wild rare and precious plants are put forward.     

分子植物学新书简介

(一)植物的生物化学(The Biochemistry of Plants)丛书简介 1.《植物细胞》(The Plant Cell)1980 2.《代谢与呼吸》(Metabolism and Respiration)1980 3.《糖类:结构与功能》(Carbohydrates:Structure and Function)1980 4.《脂类:结构与功能》(Lipids:Structure and Function)1980 5.《氨基酸及其衍生物》(Amino Acids and Derivatives)1980 6.《蛋白质与核酸》(Proteins and Nucleic Acids)1981     

Can overexpression of TGF—β1 gene change the sex ratio in transgenic mice？

Mouse TGF-β1 gene was microinjected into male pronuclei of F2 hybrid fertilized eggs obtained by mating CSJLF1 and C57BL/6J inbred strains to generate transgenic mice with over-expressed TGF-β1 gene.The rate of founder production is 31% and Southern blot analysis of founder mice tail DNAs gave an integration efficiency of 33%.TGF-β1 gene could be stably integrated to the chromosomes of transgenic mice and transmitted to their progeny at a rate of 33% in the second generation.Dot blot analysis of tail RNA of some transgenic mice indicated a moderate expression of the transgene.The most interestin finding of the present work is the striking eviation from the normal male:female sex ratio in transgenic mice,with an average ratio of 6.7:1.The possible nature of the predominance of male sex in transgenic mice overexpressing TGF-β1 is discussed.     

Metabolic integration during the evolutionary origin of mitochondria

Although mitochondria provide eukaryotic cells with certain metabolic advantages, in other ways they may be disadvantageous. For example, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species that damage both nucleocytoplasm and mitochondria, resulting in mutations, diseases, and aging. The relationship of mito-chondria to the cytoplasm is best understood in the context of evolutionary history. Although it is clearthat mitochondria evolved from symbiotic bacteria, the exact nature of the initial symbiosis is a matter of continuing debate. The exchange of nutrients between host and symbiont may have differed from that be-tween the cytoplasm and mitochondria in modern cells. Speculations about the initial relationships includethe following. (1) The pre-mitochondrion may have been an invasive, parasitic bacterium. The host did notbenefit. (2) The relationship was a nutritional syntrophy based upon transfer of organic acids from host tosymbiont. (3) The relationship was a syntrophy based upon H2 transfer from symbiont to host, where thehost was a methanogen. (4) There was a syntrophy based upon reciprocal exchange of sulfur compounds.The last conjecture receives support from our detection in eukaryotic cells of substantial H2S-oxidizing activity in mitochondria, and sulfur-reducing activity in the cytoplasm.     

Abstract

<正>Marx and Dialectics of Nature Marx,concentrating his research work on economics,had no systematic writings on the dialectics of nature,but if we lump together all his ideas concerning the dialectics of nature presented in his various works and letters,a comprehensive dialectic outlook on nature will emerge.The doctrine of dialectics of nature is the joint creation of Marx and Engles resulting from their close coorperation,although Engles did     

Event-related potentials study on cross-modal discrimination of Chinese characters

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured in 15 normal young subjects (18—22 years old) using the "cross-modal and delayed response" paradigm, which is able to improve inattention purity. The stimuli consisted of written and spoken single Chinese characters. The presentation probability of standard stimuli was 82.5% and that of deviant stimuli was 17.5%. The attention components were obtained by subtracting the ERPs of inattention condition from those of attention condition. The results of the N1 scalp distribution demonstrated a cross-modal difference. This result is in contrast to studies with non-verbal as well as with English verbal stimuli. This probably reflected the brain mechanism feature of Chinese language processing. The processing location of attention was varied along with verbal/non-verbal stimuli, auditory/visual modalities and standard/deviant stimuli, and thus it has plasticity. The early attention effects occurred before the exogenous components, and thus provided evidence support     

ACTIVITIES SPONSORED/ CO-SPONSORED OR ATTENDED BY CHINA- MAB AND CHINA BIOSPHERE RESERVE NETWORK1993 - 1996

(Secretariat of Chinese National Committee for MAB,August 1996)*Many of the following activities were or will be supported by UNESCO in terms of seed fundsDate VenueActivitiesParticipants/InstitutesJuly1 3—17 Sept2—12 NOV.DecemberBeijingBeijingDinghushanBR.Inaugural Meeting of China Biosphere Reserve Members reserves:45Network(CBRN)Participants:100The First Conference on National Parks and Na— Co-sponsors:China·MABtuge Reserves of East—Asia Area Participants:more tha…     

A “Living” Machine

Biomimetics (or bionics) is the engineering discipline that constructs artificial systems using biological principles. The ideal final result in biomimetics is to create a living machine. But what are the desirable and non-desirable properties of biomimetic product7 Where can natural prototypes be found7 How can technical solutions be transferred from nature to technology? Can we use living nature like LEC, O bricks for oonstmction our machines? How can biology help us? What is a living machine? In biomimetic practice only some “part“ (organ, part of organ, tissue) of the observed whole organism is utilized. A possible template for future super-organism extension for biornimetic methods might be drawn from experiments in holistic ecological agriculture (ecological design, permacuhure, ecological engineering, etc. ). The necessary translation of these roles to practical action can be achieved with the Russian Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), specifically adjusted to biology. Thus, permaculture, reinforced by a TRIZ conceptual framework, might provide the basis for Super-Organismic Bionics, which is hypothesized as necessary for effective ecological engineering. This hypothesis is supported by a case study-the design of a sustainable artificial nature reserve for wild pollinators as a living machine.     

The first artificial Mn_4Ca-cluster mimicking the oxygen-evolving center in photosystem Ⅱ

<正>The oxygen-evolving center(OEC)in photosystem II(PSII)of plants,algae and cyanobacteria,is a unique catalyst in nature to split water into O2,protons and electrons by using sun light.Because of broad fundamental interests and potential applications in artificial photosynthesis,the structure and properties of this unique catalyst have attracted extensive attention during the last two decades.Recent X-ray     

Sequencing and analysis for the full-length genome RNA of foot-and-mouth disease virus China/99

The complete nucleotide sequence of genomic RNA of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) strain China/99 from infected bovine tongue epithelium is presented. The nucleotide sequence extending from the 5' end of the genomic RNA to the 5' end of poly (A) tail contains 8173 nucleotides (nt). Its open reading frame, which encodes a single polypeptide of 2332 amino acids, encompasses 6999 nt starting from the initiation codon AUG and terminating at the UAA codon 93 bases upstream from the 5' end of poly (A) tract. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) is composed of 1081 nt. The consensus of the 1d gene of FMDV strain China/99 compared with that of UKG/6/2001, UKG/12/2001, China/99HN4 and China/3/Tibet is over 97%. The result showed the stains belong to the members of the Pan-Asia family. There is a remarkable differentiation in the function-unknown (FUR), p2 and p3 regions between FMDV isolates from infected cattle and swine, especially in 3a gene. No deletion was found in genes /, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2c, 3b, and 3d. Thes     

The Evolving Role of Botanical Gardens and Natural Areas:A Floristic Case Study from Royal Botanical Gardens,Canada

As leaders calling for the conservation of the world’s plants,botanical gardens protect plants within living collections.Many also study,manage and restore plants in natural habitats.Royal Botanical Gardens(Ontario,Canada) has integrated both horticultural and natural heritage in its mission for decades.Envisioned by municipal leaders in the 1920s as a combination of nature sanctuaries and civic gardens,RBG now includes forests,wetlands and other habitats,gardens and built spaces.Today RBG is Canada’s largest botanical garden on the basis of area.In the 1950s RBG began to inventory plant diversity.The checklist of spontaneous vascular plants now exceeds 1 170 species,of which 752 are native.This is 37% of Ontario’s native vascular plants and 19% of the native vascular flora of Canada.The RBG nature sanctuaries are among the richest locations in Canada for species-level diversity.We examine the history of floristic exploration within RBG and compare plant species-area relationships among protected natural areas in Ontario.This comparison supports the contention that the nature sanctuaries,and in particular Cootes Paradise,could be considered an important area for plants in Canada,and relative to the nation’s flora,a biodiversity hotspot.The fact that a candidate vascular plant hotspot for Canada lies within a major botanical garden presents opportunities for raising public awareness of the importance of plant diversity,as well as focusing attention on the scientific and conservation biology needs of communities and individual species in this area.