埃博拉病毒快速检测技术研究进展

埃博拉病毒(ebola virus,EBOV)是引起埃博拉病毒病(ebola hemorrhagic fever,EBHF)的病原体,属丝状病毒科。EBOV传染性强,致死率高;2014—2016年西非暴发埃博拉疫情共造成2.8万余人感染,1.1万余人死亡。早期、准确、灵敏的EBOV快速检测技术,可降低EBOV的传播风险。现从核酸检测及蛋白质检测技术两方面对EBOV快速检测的研究进展作一综述。     

埃博拉肆虐西非

正或许大家对11年前的那场"非典"还记忆犹新,就是那场SARS,让我们普通老百姓深刻体会到烈性传染病的来势凶猛,也对突发烈性传染病有了科学、理性的认识。政府决策部门也调整了对突发公共卫生事件采取的预案,使我们     

关于西非埃博拉疫情态势预测研究的总结分析

西非埃博拉疫情态势预测作为计算流行病学的一次重要实践,显示出计算流行病学在应急资源配置、应急响应策略决策方面的重要价值。本文梳理回顾了2014年计算流行病学在西非埃博拉疫情态势预测方面的研究情况,对主要进展进行了总结分析,并对我国公共卫生应急能力建设提出了建议。     

中国埃博拉诊疗中心布局流程的设计与思考

为了应对西非埃博拉病毒病疫情,中国人民解放军援利医疗队在利比里亚建立并独立运营了埃博拉诊疗中心。中心严格按照传染病医院的防护要求和标准,设计科学合理的布局流程,实现有效的感染防控。详细说明了中国埃博拉诊疗中心的布局与流程设计,归纳阐述其特点,并对做好布局流程应把握的几个重点问题进行了探讨。     

西非埃博拉疫情对资源匮乏地区传染病监测的启示

通过回顾2014年在西非暴发的埃博拉疫情,分析了传染病监测在疫区面临的主要挑战,并提出针对资源匮乏地区传染病监测的启示和建议,包括重视人畜共患病问题、加强传染病监测建设、贯彻全球合作理念,以及发挥所有参与者作用等。     

埃博拉疫苗和药物研究进展

埃博拉病毒(Ebola virus)是丝状病毒科的一员,可导致埃博拉出血热,致死率达25%~90%不等。2014年暴发的埃博拉疫情席卷了西非各地,极高的致死率引起了全世界的恐慌。鉴于埃博拉病毒严重威胁人类公共健康,科学研究毫无懈怠,多种疫苗如rVSV-ZEBOV和ChAd3-ZEBOV等已经进入临床试验阶段,多种药物如TKMEbola和ZMapp等已用于埃博拉患者的紧急治疗。本文总结了近期埃博拉疫苗和药物的最新研究进展。     

埃博拉出血热及埃博拉病毒的研究进展

埃博拉病毒可以引起一种人畜共患烈性传染病,即埃博拉出血热,此病于1976年始发于埃博拉河流域,并且于该区域严重流行,故而得名。人类一旦感染埃博拉病毒,死亡率可高达88%,从而引起医学界的广泛关注,世界卫生组织已将埃博拉病毒列为对人类危害最为严重的病毒之一。深入地了解埃博拉出血热及埃博拉病毒,及其致病机理,对于埃博拉出血热的预防和控制具有非常重要的意义。     

埃博拉病毒检测与防治技术在中国的专利申请状况分析

近年来,埃博拉病毒(EBOV)因其在非洲造成的严峻疫情而引起了广泛关注。本文对涉及埃博拉病毒检测与防治技术方面的在中国申请的国内外专利申请数量、年代分布、技术发展状况等信息进行分析,对国内埃博拉病毒检测、免疫、治疗相关专利技术进行简要总结,并对目前热点关注药物(jk-05,ZMapp,VSV-EBOV)专利申请信息进行比较概括,结果表明,我国申请人在提出的相关专利申请数量以及技术多样性上与国外申请人存在差距,为国内科研人员提供了相关技术领域参考。     

Ebola virus disease: a highly fatal infectious disease reemerging in West Africa

Ebolavirus can cause a highly fatal and panic-generating human disease which may jump from bats to other mammals and human. High viral loads in body fluids allow efficient transmission by contact. Lack of effective antivirals, vaccines and public health infrastructures in parts of Africa make it difficult to health workers to contain the outbreak.     

埃博拉病毒/埃博拉病—2014

2014年2月,死亡率极高的埃博拉病(EVD)开始在西部非洲的几内亚暴发流行,接下来,暴发流行出现在塞拉利昂、利比里亚、尼日利亚和塞内加尔另四个西部非洲的国家。现在,几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂的疫情最重。迄今为止,已有4 784人患EVD,且人数仍在倍增,这次暴发流行已成为自40年前EVD被发现以来规模最大的一次,已形成了波及其他地区和国家的巨大危险。在此,综述2014年EVD暴发流行的起因,埃博拉病毒(EBOV)及其传播,EVD的诊断治疗,EBOV疫苗的研制以及EBOV感染的防控。     

Development of therapeutics for treatment of Ebola virus infection

Ebola virus infection can cause Ebola virus disease (EVD). Patients usually show severe symptoms, and the fatality rate can reach up to 90%. No licensed medicine is available. In this review, development of therapeutics for treatment of Ebola virus infection and EVD will be discussed.     

埃博拉病毒及其致病机制

自2014年2~3月,西非埃博拉病毒感染的暴发流行已呈播散趋势,受到世界卫生组织的高度重视。我国也提高了防止埃博拉病毒进入国内的警示,并采取了相应措施。现将有关埃博拉病毒的生物学特性、致病机制及相关流行病学与防治策略作简要综述,供参考。     

埃博拉病毒疫苗研究进展

埃博拉病毒是一种可引起人和非人灵长类动物出血热传染病的最为致命的烈性病毒,致死率可达90%。2014年在西非爆发的埃博拉疫情引起了全世界的关注。疫苗接种是预防和控制传染病最为常规和有效的方法,尽管目前还没有正式获得批准上市的埃博拉病毒疫苗,但是已有多个尚处于研究阶段的疫苗在非人灵长类动物上取得了很好的保护效果,并有几个已进入临床Ⅰ期试验阶段,有望尽快用于本次埃博拉疫情的防控。本文对目前处于研究阶段的多个类型的埃博拉病毒疫苗进行了综述,为相关研究人员提供参考。     

Identification of Ebola virus microRNAs and their putative pathological function

Ebola virus(EBOV),a member of the filovirus family,is an enveloped negative-sense RNA virus that causes lethal infections in humans and primates.Recently,more than 1000 people have been killed by the Ebola virus disease in Africa,yet no specific treatment or diagnostic tests for EBOV are available.In this study,we identified two putative viral microRNA precursors(pre-miRNAs)and three putative mature microRNAs(miRNAs)derived from the EBOV genome.The production of the EBOV miRNAs was further validated in HEK293T cells transfected with a pcDNA6.2-GW/EmGFP-EBOV-pre-miRNA plasmid,indicating that EBOV miRNAs can be produced through the cellular miRNA processing machinery.We also predicted the potential target genes of these EBOV miRNAs and their possible biological functions.Overall,this study reports for the first time that EBOV may produce miRNAs,which could serve as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of EBOV infection and as therapeutic targets for Ebola viral infection treatment.     

埃博拉病毒的生态学

埃博拉病毒疫情正在西非一些国家蔓延,成为历史上最大的一次埃博拉病毒流行,在当地造成极大损失,也对世界各国的公共卫生安全构成严重威胁。本文介绍了埃博拉病毒暴发流行的历史和特点、在自然界的贮存宿主、传播特征等方面研究的进展,以及需要重点关注的问题。     

Recombinant full-size human antibody to Ebola virus

A full-size human antibody to Ebola virus was constructed by joining genes encoding the constant domains of the heavy and light chains of human immunoglobulin with the corresponding DNA fragments encoding variable domains of the single-chain antibody 4D1 specific to Ebola virus, which was chosen from a combinatorial phage display library of single-strand human antibodies. Two expression plasmids, pCH1 and pCL1, containing the artificial genes encoding the light and heavy chains of human immunoglobulin, respectively, were constructed. Their cotransfection into the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T provided the production of a full-size recombinant human antibody. The affinity constant for the antibody was estimated by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay to be 7.7 × 10⁷ ± 1.5 × 10⁷ M^?1. Like the parent single-chain antibody 4D1, the resulting antibody bound the nucleoprotein of Ebola virus and did not interact with the proteins of Marburg virus.     

Conformational plasticity of the Ebola virus matrix protein

Filoviruses are the causative agents of a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever with repeated outbreaks in Africa. They are negative sense single stranded enveloped viruses that can cross species barriers from its natural host bats to primates including humans. The small size of the genome poses limits to viral adaption, which may be partially overcome by conformational plasticity. Here we review the different conformational states of the Ebola virus (EBOV) matrix protein VP40 that range from monomers, to dimers, hexamers, and RNA‐bound octamers. This conformational plasticity that is required for the viral life cycle poses a unique opportunity for development of VP40 specific drugs. Furthermore, we compare the structure to homologous matrix protein structures from Paramyxoviruses and Bornaviruses and we predict that they do not only share the fold but also the conformational flexibility of EBOV VP40.