埃博拉病毒快速检测技术研究进展

埃博拉病毒(ebola virus,EBOV)是引起埃博拉病毒病(ebola hemorrhagic fever,EBHF)的病原体,属丝状病毒科。EBOV传染性强,致死率高;2014—2016年西非暴发埃博拉疫情共造成2.8万余人感染,1.1万余人死亡。早期、准确、灵敏的EBOV快速检测技术,可降低EBOV的传播风险。现从核酸检测及蛋白质检测技术两方面对EBOV快速检测的研究进展作一综述。     

埃博拉肆虐西非

正或许大家对11年前的那场\"非典\"还记忆犹新,就是那场SARS,让我们普通老百姓深刻体会到烈性传染病的来势凶猛,也对突发烈性传染病有了科学、理性的认识。政府决策部门也调整了对突发公共卫生事件采取的预案,使我们     

关于西非埃博拉疫情态势预测研究的总结分析

西非埃博拉疫情态势预测作为计算流行病学的一次重要实践,显示出计算流行病学在应急资源配置、应急响应策略决策方面的重要价值。本文梳理回顾了2014年计算流行病学在西非埃博拉疫情态势预测方面的研究情况,对主要进展进行了总结分析,并对我国公共卫生应急能力建设提出了建议。     

中国埃博拉诊疗中心布局流程的设计与思考

为了应对西非埃博拉病毒病疫情,中国人民解放军援利医疗队在利比里亚建立并独立运营了埃博拉诊疗中心。中心严格按照传染病医院的防护要求和标准,设计科学合理的布局流程,实现有效的感染防控。详细说明了中国埃博拉诊疗中心的布局与流程设计,归纳阐述其特点,并对做好布局流程应把握的几个重点问题进行了探讨。     

西非埃博拉疫情对资源匮乏地区传染病监测的启示

通过回顾2014年在西非暴发的埃博拉疫情,分析了传染病监测在疫区面临的主要挑战,并提出针对资源匮乏地区传染病监测的启示和建议,包括重视人畜共患病问题、加强传染病监测建设、贯彻全球合作理念,以及发挥所有参与者作用等。     

埃博拉疫苗和药物研究进展

埃博拉病毒(Ebola virus)是丝状病毒科的一员,可导致埃博拉出血热,致死率达25%~90%不等。2014年暴发的埃博拉疫情席卷了西非各地,极高的致死率引起了全世界的恐慌。鉴于埃博拉病毒严重威胁人类公共健康,科学研究毫无懈怠,多种疫苗如rVSV-ZEBOV和ChAd3-ZEBOV等已经进入临床试验阶段,多种药物如TKMEbola和ZMapp等已用于埃博拉患者的紧急治疗。本文总结了近期埃博拉疫苗和药物的最新研究进展。     

埃博拉出血热及埃博拉病毒的研究进展

埃博拉病毒可以引起一种人畜共患烈性传染病,即埃博拉出血热,此病于1976年始发于埃博拉河流域,并且于该区域严重流行,故而得名。人类一旦感染埃博拉病毒,死亡率可高达88%,从而引起医学界的广泛关注,世界卫生组织已将埃博拉病毒列为对人类危害最为严重的病毒之一。深入地了解埃博拉出血热及埃博拉病毒,及其致病机理,对于埃博拉出血热的预防和控制具有非常重要的意义。     

埃博拉病毒检测与防治技术在中国的专利申请状况分析

近年来,埃博拉病毒(EBOV)因其在非洲造成的严峻疫情而引起了广泛关注。本文对涉及埃博拉病毒检测与防治技术方面的在中国申请的国内外专利申请数量、年代分布、技术发展状况等信息进行分析,对国内埃博拉病毒检测、免疫、治疗相关专利技术进行简要总结,并对目前热点关注药物(jk-05,ZMapp,VSV-EBOV)专利申请信息进行比较概括,结果表明,我国申请人在提出的相关专利申请数量以及技术多样性上与国外申请人存在差距,为国内科研人员提供了相关技术领域参考。     

Ebola virus disease: a highly fatal infectious disease reemerging in West Africa

Ebolavirus can cause a highly fatal and panic-generating human disease which may jump from bats to other mammals and human. High viral loads in body fluids allow efficient transmission by contact. Lack of effective antivirals, vaccines and public health infrastructures in parts of Africa make it difficult to health workers to contain the outbreak.     

埃博拉病毒/埃博拉病—2014

2014年2月,死亡率极高的埃博拉病(EVD)开始在西部非洲的几内亚暴发流行,接下来,暴发流行出现在塞拉利昂、利比里亚、尼日利亚和塞内加尔另四个西部非洲的国家。现在,几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂的疫情最重。迄今为止,已有4 784人患EVD,且人数仍在倍增,这次暴发流行已成为自40年前EVD被发现以来规模最大的一次,已形成了波及其他地区和国家的巨大危险。在此,综述2014年EVD暴发流行的起因,埃博拉病毒(EBOV)及其传播,EVD的诊断治疗,EBOV疫苗的研制以及EBOV感染的防控。     

埃博拉病毒及其致病机制

自2014年2~3月,西非埃博拉病毒感染的暴发流行已呈播散趋势,受到世界卫生组织的高度重视。我国也提高了防止埃博拉病毒进入国内的警示,并采取了相应措施。现将有关埃博拉病毒的生物学特性、致病机制及相关流行病学与防治策略作简要综述,供参考。     

埃博拉病毒的生态学

埃博拉病毒疫情正在西非一些国家蔓延,成为历史上最大的一次埃博拉病毒流行,在当地造成极大损失,也对世界各国的公共卫生安全构成严重威胁。本文介绍了埃博拉病毒暴发流行的历史和特点、在自然界的贮存宿主、传播特征等方面研究的进展,以及需要重点关注的问题。     

Recombinant full-size human antibody to Ebola virus

A full-size human antibody to Ebola virus was constructed by joining genes encoding the constant domains of the heavy and light chains of human immunoglobulin with the corresponding DNA fragments encoding variable domains of the single-chain antibody 4D1 specific to Ebola virus, which was chosen from a combinatorial phage display library of single-strand human antibodies. Two expression plasmids, pCH1 and pCL1, containing the artificial genes encoding the light and heavy chains of human immunoglobulin, respectively, were constructed. Their cotransfection into the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T provided the production of a full-size recombinant human antibody. The affinity constant for the antibody was estimated by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay to be 7.7 × 10⁷ ± 1.5 × 10⁷ M^?1. Like the parent single-chain antibody 4D1, the resulting antibody bound the nucleoprotein of Ebola virus and did not interact with the proteins of Marburg virus.     

Recent progress on the treatment of Ebola virus disease with Favipiravir and other related strategies

Ebola virus is one of the most threatening pathogens with the mortality rate as high as 90% in the world. There are no licensed therapeutic drugs or preventive vaccines for Ebola hemorrhagic fever up to date. Favipiravir, a novel antiviral drug which was mainly used for the treatment of influenza, now has been demonstrated to have a curative effect in treating Ebola virus infection. In this review, we present an overview of recent progress on the treatment of Ebola virus disease with Favipiravir and describe its possible mechanism. Moreover, we give a brief summary of other related treatment strategies against Ebola.     

扎伊尔埃博拉病毒糖蛋白基因的克隆和表达

埃博拉病毒属丝状病毒科,能引发动物和人出血热症状,人感染后病死率高达90%以上,目前还没有有效预防和治疗的药物和疫苗。近年来,这种烈性传染病病毒传入我国的可能性不断加大,给我国公共卫生应急体系带来新的挑战。本研究针对埃博拉病毒的最主要结构蛋白——糖蛋白(GP),构建了重组原核表达载体pET28a(+)-GP1(33~313aa)、pET28a(+)-GP1(190~313aa)、pET28a(+)-GP2(502~632aa)、pET28a(+)-sGP,以及重组真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)-edited GP、pcDNA3.1(+)-GP1、pcDNA3.1(+)-GP。结果表明,GP1(33~313aa)、GP1(190~313aa)和sGP能在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中以包涵体的形式表达,GP、GP1和GP2能在HEK293T细胞中表达,但均不能在BHK21细胞中表达。本研究为进一步探索埃博拉病毒GP的结构和功能及GP抗体制备奠定了基础。     

Nucleoprotein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(indirect ELISA) for detecting antibodies specific to Ebola virus and Marbug virus

Full-length nucleoproteins from Ebola and Marburg viruses were expressed as His-tagged recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli and nucleoprotein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs) were established for the detection of antibodies specific to Ebola and Marburg viruses. The ELISAs were evaluated by testing antisera collected from rabbit immunized with Ebola and Marburg virus nucleoproteins. Although little cross-reactivity of antibodies was observed in antiEbola virus nucleoprotein rabbit antisera, the highest reactions to immunoglobulin G(Ig G) were uniformly detected against the nucleoprotein antigens of homologous viruses. We further evaluated the ELISA's ability to detect antibodies to Ebola and Marburg viruses using human sera samples collected from individuals passing through the Guangdong port of entry. With a threshold set at the mean plus three standard deviations of average optical densities of sera tested, the ELISA systems using these two recombinant nucleoproteins have good sensitivity and specificity. These results demonstrate the usefulness of ELISA for diagnostics as well as ecological and serosurvey studies of Ebola and Marburg virus infection.     

Avoidable errors in the modelling of outbreaks of emerging pathogens, with special reference to Ebola

As an emergent infectious disease outbreak unfolds, public health response is reliant on information on key epidemiological quantities, such as transmission potential and serial interval. Increasingly, transmission models fit to incidence data are used to estimate these parameters and guide policy. Some widely used modelling practices lead to potentially large errors in parameter estimates and, consequently, errors in model-based forecasts. Even more worryingly, in such situations, confidence in parameter estimates and forecasts can itself be far overestimated, leading to the potential for large errors that mask their own presence. Fortunately, straightforward and computationally inexpensive alternatives exist that avoid these problems. Here, we first use a simulation study to demonstrate potential pitfalls of the standard practice of fitting deterministic models to cumulative incidence data. Next, we demonstrate an alternative based on stochastic models fit to raw data from an early phase of 2014 West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak. We show not only that bias is thereby reduced, but that uncertainty in estimates and forecasts is better quantified and that, critically, lack of model fit is more readily diagnosed. We conclude with a short list of principles to guide the modelling response to future infectious disease outbreaks.