二乙基亚硝胺诱发肝癌的大鼠中维生素K依赖性羧化酶的研究

本文证明DENA诱发的大鼠肝癌结节中维生素K依赖性羧化酶活性显著降低,外源多肽羧化酶活性只有正常大鼠肝脏中的62.6％,而内源蛋白质前体羧化酶活性仅为27％。华法令能在正常大鼠肝脏中诱导羧化酶的合成,而这种诱导能力在诱癌晚期的肝癌大鼠肝脏中明显下降。上述结果说明肝癌细胞中维生素K依赖性羧化酶的合成受阻,造成肝癌组织中羧化酶的缺乏。诱癌过程中大鼠肝脏维生素K依赖性羧化酶活性和血浆异常凝血酶原水平形成良好的对应关系。随着肝癌组织的增大,肝癌细胞分泌入血的异常凝血酶原水平显著升高,诱癌第20周时的大鼠血浆中异常凝血酶原含量为正常大鼠的2.5倍。由此认为,肝癌组织由于不能合成足量的维生素K依赖性羧化酶,导致凝血酶原在成熟过程中羧化受阻,分泌入血形成高水平的异常凝血酶原。     

临产孕妇血液流变性研究

研究临产孕妇血液流变性的11项指标的改变,并与健康育龄妇女进行对照.结果表明临产孕妇体外血栓形成的长度、血栓湿重、血栓干重、血浆比粘度、红细胞电泳时间及血沉方程K 值等均明显高于对照组(P<0.01).全血比粘度与红细胞压积低于对照组(P<0.05),全血还原粘度、红细胞内粘度和 TK 值在两组间无显著差异.认为在妊娠后期孕妇血液呈高凝状态.其主要原因是红细胞聚集性增高及血浆粘度增高,与红细胞变形能力及红细胞压积关系不明显.文中还探讨了各因素的相互影响。     

肝郁脾虚证模型大鼠血流变及TXB2、PGF1a的变化

目的:探查中医肝郁脾虚证模型的血流变及相关调节因子的状态。方法:采用慢性束缚应激 过度疲劳 饮食失节法建立大鼠肝郁脾虚证模型,测定大鼠造模三周、自然恢复一周时的血流变和血浆TXB2、PGF1a。结果:与正常组相比,模型组大鼠造模三周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度和还原粘度均显著升高(P＜0．001),红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P＜0．001),红细胞压积显著升高(P＜0．01),红细胞变形指数无显著性差异(P＞0．05);血浆TXB2显著升高(P＜0．001),6-keto-PGF1a显著降低(P＜0．05), TXB2/PGF1a显著升高(P＜0．01);模型组大鼠第四周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度和还原粘度仍显著升高(P＜0．001或P＜0．01);红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P＜0．001);红细胞压积与变形指数无显著性差异(P＞0．05);血浆TXB2和TXB2/PGF1a显著降低(P＜0．05),6-keto-PGF1a显著升高(P＜0．05)。结论:肝郁脾虚证大鼠存在血液高粘和血栓易形成状态,恢复期血液高粘同时伴有扩血管因素的加强。提示肝郁脾虚证有血流变的异常和血浆TXA2-PGI2的平衡失调,主要涉及到血小板和血浆因素的参与。     

高原低氧环境下红细胞增多和血液粘度间关系的研究

目的：观察高原低氧环境下人体红细胞增多和血液粘度间的关系。方法：对进入高原不同时间人群进行血液流变学（红细胞压积、血液粘度、红细胞变形性和聚集性以及供氧指数等）检测和分析。结果：（1）红细胞压积和红细胞变形性随进住高原时间的延长而显著升高;（2）血液粘度在进住高原的早期明显升高,后期恢复正常;（3）红细胞的聚焦性在进住高原的早期显著升高,后期则下降;（4）组织供氧指数在进住高原的早期明显降低。而后期恢复正常,结论：在高原低氧环境下,人体血液粘度不随红细胞压积增高按比例升高。红细胞变形性增强和红细胞聚集性下降,可能抑制了红细胞压积增高所引起的血液粘度的过度升高,从而有助于维持组织的正常供氧。     

急性低氧性缺氧小鼠血液粘度与红细胞流变性变化

目的:观察小鼠急性低氧性缺氧(AHH)后红细胞流变性与血液粘度的变化。方法:32只健康昆明小鼠均分为:对照组、AHH组(复制模型,分为5 min、8 min、11 min三个亚组),在相应时间点,快速颈部脱臼后,从心尖取血,检测各组小鼠血液粘度与红细胞流变性指标。结果:与对照组相比,低氧5 min组各切变率下的全血粘度、全血相对粘度、全血还原粘度均显著降低,红细胞变形指数显著升高;低氧8 min组和低氧11 min组的群体细胞电泳时间显著延长、细胞电泳长度与细胞迁移率显著降低;低氧8 min组的全血相对粘度、全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数均显著高于、红细胞变形指数显著低于低氧5 min组。结论:AHH可引起小鼠血液粘度降低、红细胞电泳能力下降。     

肝郁脾虚证模型大鼠血流变及TXB_2、PGFla的变化（英文）

目的：探查中医肝郁脾虚证模型的血流变及相关调节因子的状态。方法：采用慢性束缚应激＋过度疲劳＋饮食失节法建立大鼠肝郁脾虚证模型,测定大鼠造模三周、自然恢复一周时的血流变和血浆TXB2、PGF1a。结果：与正常组相比,模型组大鼠造模三周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度、还原粘度均显著升高（P〈0.001）,红细胞聚集指数显著降低（P〈0.001）,红细胞压积显著升高（P〈0.01）,红细胞变形指数无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;血浆TXB2显著升高（P〈0.001）,6-keto-PGF1a显著降低（P〈0.05）,TXB2/PGF1a显著升高（P〈0.01）;模型组大鼠第四周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度、还原粘度仍显著升高（P〈0.001或P〈0.01）;红细胞聚集指数显著降低（P〈0.001）;红细胞压积与变形指数无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;血浆TXB2和TXB2/PGF1a显著降低（P〈0.05）,6-keto-PGF1a显著升高（P〈0.05）。结论：肝郁脾虚证大鼠存在血液高粘和血栓易形成状态,恢复期血液高粘同时伴有扩血管因素的加强。提示肝郁脾虚证有血流变的异常和血浆TXB2-PGI2的平衡失调,主要涉及到血小板和血浆因素的参与。     

大鼠肝癌发生过程中NF-κB的表达

目的探讨核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)在大鼠肝癌发生发展中的作用和意义。方法应用免疫组织化学SP法,对二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)诱发的大鼠肝癌发生过程中NF-κB的动态表达进行了检测。结果 DEN诱发的肝癌为肝细胞癌,诱癌率为100%,大鼠肝癌癌变过程大致经过肝细胞损伤期、肝细胞增生-硬化期和肝细胞癌变期等三个阶段。在正常大鼠肝组织,偶见少量肝细胞呈阳性表达,随着肝癌发生发展,NF-κB阳性表达细胞逐渐增多,至诱癌晚期,可见大量NF-κB阳性表达细胞,均比正常肝组织表达高(P<0.05)。结论本研究表明肝细胞NF-κB的过度表达与肝癌的发生和发展密切有关。     

DAB诱发大白鼠肝癌过程中细胞质膜上酶变化的观察

本实验以二甲基氨基偶氮苯（ＤＡＢ）诱发大白鼠肝癌的动物模型为材料,观察了在诱癌过程中和肝癌形成后大白鼠肝细胞质膜上几种酶活性的变化,用不连续蔗糖密度梯度离心法制备肝细胞质膜,分光光度法对酶活性进行定量测定。实验结果表明,在诱无病癌过程中,肝细胞质膜上５′－ＡＭＰａｓｅ活性上降,γ－ＧＴａｓｅ活性显著升高。γ－ＧＴａｓｅ活性升高幅度与病理变化正相关,并且在诱癌早期就能表现出来。     

性激素对大鼠诱发肝癌中胎盘型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST-P)表达的影响

本实验利用Solt-Farber顺序诱发大鼠肝癌,观察肝组织中GST活性及GST-P含量在化学诱癌中的变化,并观察性激素对大鼠化学诱发肝癌的早期病变中GST-P表达的作用。结果显示无论是GST活性或GST-P的含量,在诱癌至第三周开始升高,第五周升至最高。利用此模式,选择诱癌至第五周,免疫组化法检测各种处理后肝组织中GST-P的表达。发现睾丸假切除的雄性大鼠经化学诱癌后,肝中有高的GST-P表达,睾丸假切除的雄性大鼠诱癌合并雌二醇处理,明显降低肝组织GST-P阳性灶的面积和数量;合并睾丸酮处理,虽减少GST-P阳性灶的面积,但其数量略有升高。与睾丸假切除后诱癌的雄性大鼠相比,切除睾丸的大鼠经诱癌,有更低的GST-P阳性灶的面积;睾丸切除合并雌二醇处理,GST-P阳性灶的面积进一步降低。与仅化学诱癌的卵巢假切除雌性大鼠比,卵巢切除鼠诱癌后,GST-P阳性灶的面积稍有增加;对卵巢切除合用睾丸酮的大鼠诱癌,阳性灶的面积进一部增加。无论性腺切除与否,雄性大鼠比雌性大鼠有更高的GST-P表达。这些结果提示雌激素可抑制而雄激素则可促进化学诱癌大鼠肝中GST-P的表达。这一结果可能与临床上男性较女性易患肝癌有关。     

急性心肌缺血时低切变率下全血粘度变化机理研究

本实验旨在分析狗急性心肌缺血时低切变率下全血粘度异常升高与红细胞电泳率(EM)和血浆纤维蛋白原浓度变化间的关系。实验结果表明,阻断冠脉血流40min时,低切变率下全血粘度已显著升高,EM明显降低,二者呈高度负相关,此时血浆纤维蛋白原浓度仅轻度增加。缺血时间进一步延长时,EM逐渐恢复,而血浆纤维蛋白原浓度显著升高,此时低切变率下全血粘度升高主要与血浆纤维蛋白原变化有关。     

肠淋巴液引流对失血性休克大鼠红细胞流变性的影响

目的:观察肠淋巴液引流对失血性休克大鼠红细胞流变性指标以及血液黏度的作用。方法:Wistar雄性大鼠均分为假休克组、休克组(复制失血性休克模型)、引流组(复制失血性休克模型,自低血压1 h引流休克肠淋巴液)。在低血压3 h或相应时间,经腹主动脉取血,检测红细胞参数、红细胞电泳、红细胞沉降率(ESR)以及血液黏度,计算红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数。结果:与假休克组比较,休克组红细胞数量、红细胞比积(HCT)、血红蛋白(Hb)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、红细胞电泳率与迁移率、红细胞变形指数、全血黏度、全血低切与高切相对黏度和还原黏度显著降低,休克组平均红细胞体积、红细胞电泳时间、ESR、血沉方程K值与校正K值、红细胞聚集性指数、血浆黏度显著升高;引流组MCHC、红细胞电泳率与迁移率、全血黏度、全血低切与高切还原黏度均显著降低,引流组红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW-SD)显著增加。同时,引流组HCT、RDW-SD、红细胞变形指数、全血黏度、全血低切与高切相对黏度显著高于休克组;ESR、血沉方程K值与校正K值、红细胞聚集性指数、血浆黏度显著低于休克组。结论:休克肠淋巴液引流可改善失血性休克大鼠红细胞流变行为,从而改善血液流变性。     

Risk factors evaluation in some cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with limitations of blood fluidity. Rheological behaviour of blood in transient flow may result from the internal organization, which in turn depends upon many parameters, which may be considered as possible elements of a profiling algorithm for diagnostic and prognostic values in various pathophysiological states. This study was designed to investigate haemorheological parameters in patients being treated for hypertension, coronary heart disease and myocardial infarct. On the basis of plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity, haematocrit, red cell aggregation and red cell deformation, the risk was evaluated. In cases of hypertension there was a significant rise in plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity, red cell aggregation and a fall in red cell deformability. In cases of coronary disease, plasma viscosity and red cell aggregation was increased, while in patients with myocardial infarcts, where the degree of severity is greater it was found that there was a significant rise in both plasma and whole blood viscosity. Haematocrit values were unaffected in all three groups.     

微生态制剂益康口服液对老年大鼠血液流变学的影响

目的：研究微生态制剂益康口服液(由双歧杆菌、乳酸链球菌与中药人参、茯苓、黄芪等药物组成)对老年大鼠血液流变学的影响。方法：大鼠按鼠龄、体重随机分为7组,每组10只(除青年组外其余各组均采用鼠龄24个月大鼠)：(1)青年组、(2)老年组、(3)抗老延年丸组、(4)复方丹参片组、(5)益康口服液I组、(6)益康口服液Ⅱ组、(7)益康口服液Ⅲ组。连续ig 14d,每日1次,在第14天ig 30min后,取颈动脉血进行血液流变学测试。资料结果采用student—t检验。结果：益康口服液能够降低老年大鼠全血与血浆粘度,增强红细胞的变形性,降低红细胞的聚集性。结论：益康口服液可以改善老年大鼠的血液流变性,通过活血化瘀改善循环延缓衰老。     

Blood viscosity parameter correlation with types of leukemia.

We investigated the hemorheological, hematological and biochemical parameters in 30 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 21 cases of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and 30 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The parameters studied include whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), red cell filterability, hematocrit, platelet count and aggregation, fibrinogen, hemoglobin, leucocyte count, bleeding time and lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH). In the cases of ALL we observed significant decrease in whole blood viscosity, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet count but an increase in plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, bleeding time and LDH activity. In the cases of AML, we observed increase in whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, ESR, fibrinogen, leucocyte count, bleeding time and LDH activity but decrease in the hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet count. In the cases of CML, we observed an increase of whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, ESR, fibrinogen elevation but decreases in bleeding time. In all cases, red cell filterability was unaffected.     

Effect of plasma exchange on blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow.

The effects of plasma exchange using a low viscosity plasma substitute on blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow were investigated in eight subjects with normal cerebral vasculature. Plasma exchange resulted in significant reductions in plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity, globulin and fibrinogen concentration without affecting packed cell volume. The reduction in whole blood viscosity was more pronounced at low shear rates suggesting an additional effect on red cell aggregation. Despite the fall in viscosity there was no significant change in cerebral blood flow. The results support the metabolic theory of autoregulation. Although changes in blood viscosity appear not to alter the level of cerebral blood flow under these circumstances, plasma exchange could still be of benefit in the management of acute cerebrovascular disease.     

Blood viscosity studies in native and reconstituted polycythemic blood

In twelve subjects with Polycythemia vera (P.V.) whole blood, plasma and relative viscosities and the main factors capable of influencing such parameters (Hct, RBCs, WBCs and platelet count, total proteins, gamma-globulins and fibrinogen) were investigated. Ten normal subjects of similar age and sex were studied as control. Whole blood viscosity was determined both in basal conditions and after reconstitution of Hct to normal values by adding some autologous plasma. After the reconstitution of Hct the subjects studied were divided into two groups on the basis of the correlation between Hct and whole blood viscosity. The first group (group A) had a good correlation between Hct and whole blood viscosity; on the other hand the second group (group B) did not show any significant correlation between these two parameters after reconstitution. In basal conditions none of the parameters capable of influencing whole blood viscosity or plasma viscosity permitted any discrimination between the two groups. The relative viscosity, which represents an indirect index of red blood cell deformability, appears to be more elevated in group B. Therefore, the different behaviour of polycythemic blood after reconstitution of Hct might be conceived to be due to a difference in red cell deformability.     

Blood rheology of Antarctic fishes: viscosity adaptations at very low temperatures

Viscosity of whole blood and plasma from Antarctic fishes were compared over a temperature range of −1.5 to 5°C; human samples and water provided reference values. Blood viscosity of nototheniids was greater than that of the haemoglobinless icefish, reflecting differences in packed cell volume, being 5.27 v. 3.27 cP at 0°C for Notothenia coriiceps and Chaenocephalus aceratus , respectively. The reduction in MCHC, rather than haematocrit, in nototheniids suggests that selection pressure has not acted at the level of oxygen transport. However, icefish plasma viscosity was similar to human, but greater than that of Notothenia spp., suggesting that viscometric influences on cardiac afterload may be adaptive for the latter. Indeed, handling stress induced a significant increase in viscosity of both whole blood and plasma which may impair cardiovascular performance. Such a response was not observed in icefish, and in view of the large blood vessels it is unlikely that viscosity plays any significant role in limiting activity of this species.     

Rheological characteristics of the blood in long-term and quick adaptation to muscle loads

It was established in chronic experiments on 26 dogs that long-term adaptation to regular muscular activity caused a 19.6-46.1% decrease in blood viscosity. Hematocrit was lowered and red cell deformability improved. A correlation was observed between blood viscosity and its oxygen transport function. As a result of muscular training the role of plasma protein in blood viscosity increased and that of red cells declined. Single muscular activity produced a 48.2-81% increase in blood viscosity, while plasma viscosity remained unchanged. Trained animals had lower absolute values of blood viscosity even at the time of muscular effort as compared to those in untrained animals at rest.     

高血压病红／白细胞变形性的研究

本文观察了52例原发性高血压和24例正常人的红细胞、白细胞变形性,红细胞膜钙泵、钠泵活性,血粘度及血浆粘度,结果发现:原发性高血压组高、中切变率血粘度和钠泵活性显著高于正常组,红细胞变形性和钙泵活性显著高于正常组;红细胞变形性和钙泵活性显著低于正常组.白细胞变形性、低切变率血粘度及血浆粘度与正常组比较无显著差别.原发性高血压组红细胞变形性与年龄、平均动脉压、钙泵活性,高、中切变率血粘度相关.心痛定和川芎嗪治疗后,红细胞变形性显著改善,川芎嗪还能降低高切变率血粘度.结果提示:在高血压病中红细胞变形性降低、血粘度增高的分子水平机制主要是红细胞膜钙泵活性降低。基于微循环的改善,在扩大治疗例数后,心痛定和川芎嗪可能作为降压治疗的优选药与辅助药。     

Detection of red cell aggregation by low shear rate viscometry in whole blood with elevated plasma viscosity

The viscosity of whole blood measured at low shear rates is determined partly by shear resistance of the red cell aggregates present, stronger aggregation increasing the viscosity in the absence of other changes. Effects of cell deformability can confound interpretation and comparison in terms of aggregation, however, particularly when the plasma viscosity is high. We illustrate the problem with a comparison of hematocrit-adjusted blood from type 1 diabetes patients and controls in which it is found the apparent and relative viscosities at a true shear rate of 0.20 s-1 are lower in the patient samples than age matched controls, in spite of reports that aggregation is increased in such populations. Because the plasma viscosities of the patients were higher on average than controls, we performed a series of experiments to examine the effect of plasma protein concentration and viscosity on normal blood viscosity. Dilution or concentration by ultrafiltration of autologous plasma and viscosity measurements at low shear on constant hematocrit red cell suspensions showed (a) suspension viscosity at 0.25 and 3 s-1 increased monotonically with plasma protein concentration and viscosity but (b) the relative viscosity increased, in concert with the microscopic aggregation grade, up to a viscosity of approximately 1.25 mPa-s but above this the value the relative viscosity no longer increased as the degree of aggregation increased in concentrated plasmas. It is suggested that in order to reduce cell deformation effects in hyperviscous pathological plasmas, patient and control plasmas should be systematically diluted before hematocrit is adjusted and rheological measurements are made. True shear rates should be calculated. Comparison of relative viscosities at low true shear rates appears to allow the effects of red cell aggregation to be distinguished by variable shear rate viscometry in clinical blood samples.