产朊假丝酵母细胞和细胞壁对铜离子吸附条件的研究

观察温度和ｐＨ值对产朊假丝酵母细胞与分离纯化的细胞壁对铜离子吸附的影响,探讨细胞壁在酵母吸附重金属离子过程中的作用ｐＨ升高,细胞和细胞壁对铜离子的吸附能力都提高,吸附最适ｐＨ为６．０。温度升高可提高细胞和细胞壁的吸附能力,最适温度为５０℃。细胞壁是铜离子吸附的主要部位,细胞壁嵌合蛋白（３３×１０＾３蛋白）起重要作用。     

产朊假丝酵母细胞壁对铜离子吸附机理研究

比较了产朊假丝酵母细胞与分离纯化的细胞壁对铜离子吸附能力。观察铜离子浓度、温度和pH值对产朊假丝酵母吸附铜离子的影响，探讨细胞壁在酵母吸附重金属离子过程中的作用机理。结果表明，细胞壁是酵母吸附重金属离子的主要部位。细胞壁的蛋白酶酶解实验证明，对胰蛋白酶不敏感的细胞壁嵌合蛋白是铜离子吸附的主要位点。     

上覆水性质对沉积物吸附有机污染物能力的影响

采用正交实验法研究了温度、pH、离子强度和溶解性有机质(DOC)对沉积物吸附菲和五氯酚(PCP)能力的影响.结果表明,上覆水温度和pH对个别沉积物的吸附能力有显著影响,其他因素及交互作用对菲和PCP的吸附无显著影响.沉积物对菲的吸附能力随温度升高而降低,对PCP在中温(20℃)时最小.pH对菲的吸附无显著影响,PCP的吸附量随pH升高而降低.DOC升高微弱地降低了菲和PCP的吸附,离子强度升高使PCP的吸附有微弱升高.沉积物对有机污染物的吸附能力主要由沉积物和有机污染物性质决定,受上覆水性质影响较小.     

吸附层析法从啤酒废酵母中提取谷胱甘肽

以壳聚糖作为吸附剂,通过吸附层析法从啤酒废酵母泥为原料,经预处理和细胞破碎后得到的富含谷胱甘肽的抽提液中,分离纯化还原型谷胱甘肽。根据试验结果确定最佳提取条件为：上柱啤酒废酵母抽提液的最适pH值为7．0,最适洗脱剂为pH值为4．4的磷酸盐缓冲液。在最适吸附条件下,还原型谷胱甘肽的平均洗脱率为84．18％,平均回收率79．55％。说明此法是可行的。     

壳聚糖改性竹炭对铜吸附性能研究

为了提高竹炭去除废水中重金属离子能力,采用交联法设计合成新型的磁性壳聚糖改性竹炭复合吸附剂,并采用傅里叶红外光谱对改性竹炭复合吸附剂进行表征,同时开展不同Cu2+初始浓度、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、pH和温度等因素对Cu2+吸附去除率的影响。结果表明,吸附效率与Cu2+初始浓度和吸附剂投加量成正效应;吸附平衡时间约8 h;在作用温度范围内,吸附效率随温度升高而上升;pH为7时吸附效果最好。振荡条件吸附效果优于静置处理。该结果为废水重金属深度处理及水环境保护提供依据。     

耐镉马克思克鲁维酵母重金属镉吸附特性的研究

菌株YS-K1是从镉污染土壤中筛选获得的一株耐镉马克思克鲁维酵母Kluyveromyces marxianus YS-K1,对其镉吸附特性研究结果表明,该菌对镉具有良好的耐受性和吸附性,即使在镉浓度高达140mg/L的培养基中也能生长,当镉浓度在30mg/L以下时,24h后能吸附溶液中90%以上的镉,且最佳吸附条件为pH6.0,温度30℃。该菌所吸附的镉大部分集中在细胞壁上,占总吸附镉的76%,细胞膜上的占9%,细胞质中的占15%;能量抑制剂2,4-二硝基苯酚(DNP)和二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC),分别能降低菌株15%和22%的镉吸附量。在Kluyveromyces marxianus YS-K1细胞中,锌离子与镉离子有共用的结合位点,锌离子不仅会与镉离子竞争细胞表面的结合位点,减少其对镉的吸附量,而且也会与镉离子竞争进入细胞的通道位点,减少其对镉的积累量,同时能部分恢复镉离子对菌株生长的抑制作用。     

啤酒废酵母对镉离子的吸附研究

以啤酒酿造厂的啤酒废酵母为生物吸附剂,研究啤酒废酵母对Cd2 的生物吸附行为。利用原子吸收光谱法测定Cd2 含量。结果表明,啤酒废酵母吸附Cd2 受吸附时间、吸附温度、溶液pH值、酵母添加量和Cd2 起始浓度等因素的影响。实验确定了啤酒废酵母对Cd2 的最佳吸附条件。即:pH值6,Cd2 浓度为50mg/L,酵母添加量为1.0g/L,吸附温度25℃,吸附时间30min,此时啤酒废酵母对Cd2 的吸附量可达42.92mg/g干酵母。吸附Cd2 的啤酒废酵母用1.0mol/L的HCl解吸,解吸率达75.46%。对未吸附Cd2 的空白酵母和吸附Cd2 的酵母进行红外光谱分析,结果显示啤酒废酵母吸附Cd2 后羟基和羧基吸收峰发生明显变化,因此认为羟基和羧基在生物吸附中起着重要作用。     

纳米磁性壳聚糖微球固定化酵母醇脱氢酶的研究

建立了以纳米级磁性壳聚糖微球(magnetic chitosan microspheres , M-CS)为载体固定化酵母醇脱氢酶(yeast alcohol dehydrogenase,YADH)的方法,优化了YADH的固定化条件,考察了固定化酶的性质。结果表明,M-CS 呈规则的圆球形,粒径在30nm 左右,具有较好的磁响应性。酵母醇脱氢酶固定化适宜条件为:50 mg 磁性壳聚糖微球,加入20mL 0.25 mg/mL 酵母醇脱氢酶(蛋白质含量)磷酸盐缓冲液(0.05 mol/L ,pH 7.0) ,在4 ℃固定2h。M-CS 容易吸附酵母醇脱氢酶,但吸附的酶量受载体与酶的比例、溶液的离子浓度、溶液pH的影响明显,而温度对吸附的酶量的影响则相对较弱。相对于游离的酵母醇脱氢酶,固定化酶的最适温度略有升高,可明显改善其热稳定性、酸碱稳定性、操作稳定性和贮存稳定性。     

解脂耶氏酵母脂肪酶Lip2的表面展示及其酶学性质

表面展示酶作为全细胞催化剂具备诸如能提高酶的稳定性、省去纯化过程、节约成本等优点。脂肪酶是应用最为广泛的工业酶之一。本研究利用酿酒酵母细胞壁蛋白Cwp2作为锚定蛋白,将解脂耶氏酵母脂肪酶Lip2展示在酿酒酵母细胞表面,以制备脂肪酶全细胞催化剂。Lip2被融合到Cwp2的N端,Cwp2通过其C端的GPI锚定信号共价结合到细胞壁上。表面展示的Lip2可以水解三丁酸甘油酯及对硝基苯酚辛酸酯(pNPC),其pNPC水解酶活达到4.6U/g干细胞。作为全细胞催化剂,表面展示的Lip2具备良好的催化特征,其最适温度为40°C,最适pH为8.0,同时还具备良好的有机溶剂稳定性。     

哈氏噬纤维菌吸附纤维素的影响因素

[目的]探索哈氏噬纤维菌(Cytophaga hutchinsonii)吸附纤维素的作用机制.[方法]通过比较不同因素对哈氏噬纤维菌吸附纤维素的影响,包括:菌龄、pH、温度、表面电荷、细胞活力、细胞表面蛋白、细胞表面多糖以及纤维素类似物等,寻找在吸附过程中起重要作用的细胞成分.[结果]菌体经蛋白酶及热处理,对纤维素的吸附能力完全丧失;叠氮化钠、甲醛和戊二醛处理对菌体吸附能力影响不明显;菌体经刚果红和高碘酸钠处理,吸附能力变化不大;菌体对纤维素底物的吸附具有特异性,吸附作用不受纤维二糖和羧甲基纤维素的抑制.[结论]实验表明,哈氏噬纤维菌吸附纤维素的能力与菌体表面蛋白密切相关,而受细胞的代谢活性和胞外多糖影响较小,推测细胞表面可能存在特异性的纤维素结合蛋白.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.