共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Munns, R. 1985. Na+, K+ and Cl in xylem sap flowing toshoots of NaCl-treated barley.J. exp. Bot. 36: 10321042. Na+, Cl and K+ concentrations were measured in xylemsap obtained by applying pressure to the roots of decapitatedbarley plants grown at external [NaCl] of 0, 25, 50, 100, 150and 200 mol m3. For any given NaCl treatment, ion concentrationsin the xylem sap were hyperbolically related to the flux ofwater. Ion concentrations in sap collected at very low volumefluxes (without applied pressure) were 510 times higherthan in sap collected at moderate fluxes (under pressure). Fora given moderate volume flux, Na+ concentration in the xylemsap, [Na+]x, was only 4.0 mol m3 at external [NaCl] of25150 mol m3, and increased to 7.0 mol m3at 200 mol m3. [Cl-]x showed a similar pattern. Thisshows there would be little difference in the rate of uptaketo the shoot of plants at 25150 mol m3 externalNaCl and indicates little change even at 200 mol m-3 NaCl becausetranspiration rates would be much lower. Thus the reduced growthof the shoot of plants at high NaCl concentrations is not dueto higher uptake rates of Na+ or Cl. The fluxes of Na+, Cl and K increased non-linearlywith increasing volume flux indicating little movement of saltin the apoplast. The flux of K+ increased even when [K+]x wasgreater than external [K+], indicating that membrane transportprocesses modify the K+ concentration in the transpiration streamas it flows through the root system. Key words: -Xylem sap, Na+, K+, Cl fluxes, salinity, barley 相似文献
2.
Nitrate Inhibition of Chloride Influx in Barley: Implications for a Proposed Chloride Homeostat 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Net accumulation of Cl by intact barley plants was virtuallyeliminated in roots and reduced by 40% in shoots when externalmedia (0.5 mol m3 CaSO4 plus 05 mol m3KCI) were supplemented with 0.25 mol m Ca(NO3)2. Plasmalemma36Cl influx (oc) was shown to be insensitive to externalNO3- in plants which had previously been grown in solutionslacking 3, but oc became sensitive to NO3-after a lagperiod of 36 h. Kinetic analyses revealed that the inhibitionof 36C1 influx by external NO3- was complex. At 0.25mol m3 NO3- the Vmax for Cl influx was reducedby greater than 50%, with insignificant effects upon Km. At0.5 mol m3 NO3- there was no further effect upon Vmaxbut Km for influx increased from 38±5 mmol m3to 116±26 mmol m3. By contrast, Cl effluxwas found to be insensitive to external NO3-. A model for theregulation of Cl influx is proposed which involves bothnegative feedback effects from vacuolar NO3- +Cl) concentrationand (external) NO3- inhibition of Cl influx at the plasmalemma.These combined effects serve to discriminate against Claccumulation, favouring NO3- accumulation, when the latter ionis available. Such observations are inconsistent with recentproposals for the existence of bona fide homeostats for chlorideaccumulation in higher plants. Key words: Nitrate inhibition, Chloride influx, Barley 相似文献
3.
Millhouse, J. and Strother, S. 1987. Further characteristicsof salt-dependent bicarbonate use by the seagrass Zostera muelleri.J.exp. Bot. 38: 10551068. The contribution of HCO3to photosynthetic O2 evolutionin the seagrass Zostera muelleri Irmisch ex Aschers. increasedwith increasing salinity of the bathing seawater when the inorganiccarbon concentration was kept constant. K1/2 (seawater salts)for HCO3 -dependent photosynthesis was 66% of seawatersalinity. Both short- and long-term pretreatment at low salinitiesstimulated photosynthesis in full strength seawater. Twentyfour hours pre-incubation of seagrass plants in 3·0 molm3 NaHCO3 resulted in increased photosynthesis at allsalinities, apparently due to stimulation of HCO3 use(K1/2 (seawater salts) = 26%). Vmax (HCO3) was not affectedby low salinity pretreatment. The kinetics of HCO3 stimulationby the major seawater cations was investigated. Ca2+ was themost effective cation with the highest Vmax (HCO3) andwith K1/2(Ca2+) = 14 mol m3. Mg2+ was also very effectiveat less than 50 mol m3 but higher concentrations wereinhibitory. This inhibition cannot be accounted for solely byprecipitation of MgCO3. Na+ and K+ were both capable of stimulatingHCO3 use. Stimulation was in two distinct parts. Up to500 mol m3, both citrate and chloride salts gave similarresults (K1/2(Na+) 81 mol m3, Vmax(HCO3) 0·26µmol O2 mg1 chl min1), but use of citratesalts above 500 mol m2 caused a second stimulation ofHCO3 use (K1/2(Na+) 830 mol m3, Vmax(HCO3)0·68 µmol O2 mg1 chl min1). Vmax(HCO3)for the second-phase Na+ or K+ stimulation was of the same orderas for Ca2+-stimulated HCO3 use. To further characterizesalt-dependent HCO3 use, the sensitivity of photosynthesisto Tris and TES buffers was investigated. The effects of Trisappear to be due to the action of Tris+ causing stimulationof HCO3 -dependent photosynthesis in the absence of salt,but inhibition of HCO3 use in saline media. TES has noeffect on photosynthesis. External carbonic anhydrase, althoughimplicated in salt-dependent HCO3 use in Z. muelleri,could not be detected in whole leaves. Key words: Zostera muelleri, HCO3 use, salinity 相似文献
4.
Plants of Lupinus albus L., cv. Ultra, were grown hydroponicallywith NO3-nutrition for 51 d under control (0.05 mol m3Na+ and 10 mol m3 Cl) and saline (40 mol m3NaCI) conditions. Plants were harvested 41 and 51 d after germinationand analysed for content and net increment of C, N and the mineralcations K+, Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ and the anions Cl, NOJ,malate, phosphate, and SO42. Roots, stem interaodes,petioles and leaflets were analysed separately. During the studyperiod net photosynthesis, respiratory losses of CO2 from shootand root and the composition of the spontaneously bleeding phloemsap and the root pressure xylem exudate were also determined.Using molar ratios of C over N in the transport fluids, incrementsof C and N, and photosynthetic gains as well as respiratorylosses of C, the net flows of C and N in the xylem and phloemwere then calculated as in earlier studies (Pate, Layzell andMcNeill, 1979a). Knowing the carbon flows, the ratios of ionto carbon in the phloem sap, and ion increments in individualorgans, net flows of K+, Na+, and Cl over the study periodwere also calculated. Salt stress led to a general decrease of all partial componentsof C and N partitioning indicating that inhibitions were notdue to specific effects of NaCI salinity on photosynthesis oron NO3 uptake. However, there were differences between variouslyaged organs, and net phloem export of nitrogenous compoundsfrom ageing leaves was substantially enhanced under saline conditions.In addition, NO3reduction in the roots was specificallyinhibited. Uptake and xylem transport of K+ was more severelyinhibited than photosynthetic carbon gain or NO3 uptakeby the root. K+ transport in the phloem was even more severelyrestricted under saline conditions. Na+ and Cl flowsand uptake, on the other hand, were substantially increasedin the presence of salt and, in particular, there were thenmassive flows of Na in the phloem. The results are discussedin relation to the causes of salt sensitivity of Lupinus albus.The data suggest that both a restriction of K+ supply and astrongly increased phloem translocation of Na+ contribute tothe adverse effects of salt in this species. Restriction ofK+ supply occurs by diminished K+ uptake and even more by reducedK+ cycling within the plant. Key words: Lupinus albus, salt stress, phloem transport, xylem transport, partitioning, carbon, nitrogen, K+, Na+, CI 相似文献
5.
Potassium transport has been studied in the marine euryhalinealga, Enteromorpha intestimlis cultured in seawater and in low-salinitymedium (Artificial Cape Banks Spring Water, ACBSW; 25·5mol m3 Cl, 20·4 mol m3 Na+, 0·5mol m3 K+). K+ fluxes were measured using 42K+ and 86Rb+although 86Rb+ does not act as an efficient K+ analogue in thisplant. 42K+ experiments on seawater plants typically exhibiteda single protoplasmic exchange phase whereas 86Rb+ exhibitedtwo exchange phases. Compartmental analysis of 86Rb+ effluxexperiments on seawater-grown Enteromorpha plants were usedto deduce the intracellular partition of K+ between the cytoplasm(279±38 mMolal) and vacuole (405±68 mMolal). Theplasmalemma K+ flux in plants in seawater was greater in thelight than in the dark (563±108 nmol m2 s1versus 389±66·7 nmol m2 s1). Inlow-salinity plants, separate cytoplasmic and vacuolar exchangephases were apparent. Analysis of 42K+ efflux experiments onlow-salinity plants yielded a cytoplasmic K+ of 222±38mMolal and a vacuolar K+ of 82±11 mMolal. The plasmalemmaand tonoplast flux was 23±4·5 nmol m2 s1. The Nernst equation showed that, although K+ was close to electrochemicalequilibrium, active accumulation of K+ across the plasmalemmaoccurred in plants in seawater and ACBSW both in the light anddark. K+ was also actively transported inwards across the tonoplastin low-salinity plants. The electrochemical potential for K+across the plasmalemma ranged from 2·41±0·60kJ mol1 in plants grown in seawater in the light to 5·79±0·87kJ mol1 for plants in ACBSW in the light. Although K+is close to electrochemical equilibrium, the flux of K+ in plantsin both seawater and ACBSW media is high, hence the power consumptionof K+ transport is high. The permeability of K+ (PK+) was significantlyhigher in the light than in the dark in plants in seawater (about7·0 versus 2·5 nm s1) but in plants inlow-salinity (ACBSW) medium the permeability was independentof light (about 12 nm s1). The energy requirements ofactive K+ transport by ATP-dependent pumps is discussed. Key words: Enteromorpha, Potassium transport, Ionic relations, Saltwater, Low salinity, Thermodynamics 相似文献
6.
Ricinus communis L. var. Gibsonii was grown in Long Ashton nutrientmedium with either 12mol m3 NO3 or 8.0 mol m3NH+4 as N source. Two plants from each N treatment were harvestedtwice a week and analysed for C, N, P, S, NO3, SO24ClK+Na+, Ca2+ Mg2+ and ash alkalinity. Statistical analysis of thedata showed that the effect of age and N source was differentfor the chemical variables analysed. Thus [Na+] was unaffectedby age or N source, and for both N sources [Mg2+] started atthe same level and decreased at the same rate as the plantsmatured. With NH+4 as N source, [SO24] was higher thanwith NO3, but did not alter with age. The concentrations,in mmol g1 dry wt, of C, organic N, K+ and Ca2+ weredifferent for the two N sources, but the levels of these variablesaltered with age in the same way for both N sources; i.e. therewas no age x N interaction. In the case of P, NO3, Cl and COO, however,age-related variations were different for the two N sources.It is concluded, inter alia, that [Na+] is determined by external[Na+] alone, and that K+, Ca2+ and Cl are the inorganicions actively involved in charge balance during ion uptake bythe roots. Key words: Ontogeny, Chemical composition, Plant nutrition 相似文献
7.
Salinity-induced Malate Accumulation in Chara 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ion absorption by Chara corallina from solutions containingpredominantly KC1 or RbCl at up to 100 mol m3 resultedin accumulation of salts and turgor regulation. Turgor regulationdid not occur in solutions containing Na+ or Li+salts. Duringion absorption from various salts of K+ and Rb+ vacuolar cationconcentration exceeded Cl concentration. This differencewas shown to be balanced by the synthesis and accumulation ofmalate. Vacuolar malate concentration reached 48 mol m3,with accumulation occurring at rates of up to 0.45 mol m3h1. Malate accumulation was inhibited by low externalpH and was dependent upon external HCO3 concentration.The synthesis of malic acid and its subsequent dissociationimposed a severe acid load on the cell. Biophysical regulationof cellular pH was achieved by a H+efflux at a rate of about40 nmol m2 s1from the cell. The results presentedargue against cytoplasmic Cl, HCO3 or pH regulatingmalate accumulation in Chara and it is suggested that malatetransport across the tonoplast may regulate malate accumulation. Key words: Malate, Chara corallina, pH regulation, salinity 相似文献
8.
Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) plants were grown in the absence(control) and in the presence of 100molm3NaCl with areciprocal split-root system, in which K+ was supplied to oneand NO3 to the other part of the root system. In theseplants shoot and, to a lesser extent, total root growth wereinhibited compared to plants with non-split roots. Without andwith NaCl, growth of roots receiving NO3 but noK+ (minusK/plus N-roots) was substantially more vigorous thanunder the reverse conditions (plus K/minus N-roots1).100mol m3 NaCl inhibited growth of minus K/plus N-roots1to the same extent as that of non-split roots, indicating thatexternally supplied K+ was not required for root growth undersaline conditions. In growth media without added K+ the rootdepleted the external low K + levels resulting from chemicalsdown to a minimum value Cmln (1.0 to 1.4 mmol m3); inthe presence of 100 mol m3 NaCl, Cmin, was higher (1018mmol m3) and resulted from an initial net loss of K +.Cmin, was pH-dependent The distribution of K+, Na+ and Mg2+along the root was measured. In meristematic root tissues, K+ concentrations were scarcely affected by external K+ or byNaCl, where Na + concentrations were low, but somewhat elevatedat low external K+ and/or high NaCl. In differentiated, vacuolatedtissues K + concentrations were low and Na+ concentrations high,if K + was not supplied externally and/or NaCl was present.The longitudinal distribution of ions within the root was usedto estimate cytoplasmic and vacuolar ion concentrations. Thesedata showed a narrow homoeostasis of cytoplasmic K+ concentrations(100140 mol m3) independent of external K + supplyeven in the presence of 100 mol m 3 NaCl. CytoplasmicNa + concentrations were maintained at remarkably low levels.Hence, external K+ concentrations above Cmin, were not requiredfor maintaining K/Na selectivity, i.e. for controlling Na+ entry.The results are discussed with regard to mechanisms of K/Naselectivity and to the importance of phloem import of K+ forsalt tolerance of roots and for cytoplasmic K+ homoeostasis. Key words: Ricinus communis, nitrate, potassium, root (split-root), salt tolerance, phloem transport 相似文献
9.
Potassium-Ammonium Uptake Interactions in Tobacco Seedlings 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
SCHERER HEINRICH W.; MACKOWN CHARLES T.; LEGGETT J. EVERETT 《Journal of experimental botany》1984,35(7):1060-1070
Short-term (< 12 h) uptake experiments were conducted with67-week-old tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Ky 14)seedlings to determine absorption interactions between K+ andNH4+. At equal solution concentrations (0.5 mol m3) netK+ uptake was inhibited 3035% by NH4+ and NH4+ uptakewas decreased 924%. Removal of NH4+ resulted in completerecovery in K+ uptake rate, but NH4+ uptake rate did not recoverwhen K+ was removed. In both cases, inhibition of the uptakerate of one cation saturated as the concentration of the othercation was increased up to 0.5 mol m3. The relative effectof K+-NH4+ interactions was not altered when Cl- was replacedwith SO42, but the magnitudes of the uptake rates wereless in the absence of Cl-. The Vmax for NH4+ uptake was reducedfrom 128 to 105 µmol g1 dry wt. h1 in thepresence of 0.5 mol m3 K+ and the Km for NH4+ doubledfrom 12 to 27 mmol m3 in the presence of K+. The resultsof these K+-NH4+ experiments are interpreted as mixed-noncompetitiveinteractions. However, an enhanced efflux of K+ coupled to NH4+influx via an antiporter cannot be ruled out as contributingto the decrease in net K+ uptake. Key words: Nicotiana tabacum, K+, NH4+, Uptake interactions 相似文献
10.
Nitrogen-13 Studies of Nitrate Fluxes in Barley Roots: II. EFFECT OF PLANT N-STATUS ON THE KINETIC PARAMETERS OF NITRATE INFLUX 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Influx of nitrate into the roots of intact barley plants wasfollowed over periods of 115 min using nitrogen-13 asa tracer. Based on measurements taken over 15 min from a rangeof external nitrate concentrations (0·2250 mmolm3), the kinetic parameters of influx, Imax and Km, werecalculated. Compared with plants grown in the presence of nitrate throughout,plants that had been starved of N for 3 d showed a significantlygreater value ofImax for 13N-nitrate influx (by a factor of1·41·8), but a similar value of Km (1214mmol m3). Pre-treating N-starved plants with nitratefor about 5 h further increased the subsequent rate of 13N-nitrateinflux, but had little effect in the unstarved controls. Allowingfor this induction of additional nitrate transport, the differencein rates of nitrate influx in control and N-starved plants wassufficient to account for the previously-observed differencein net uptake by the two groups of plants. In barley plants grown without any exposure to nitrate, butwith ammonium as N-source, both Imax and Km for subsequent 13N-nitrateinflux were significantly decreased (by about one-half) comparedwith the corresponding nitrate-grown controls. The importance of changes in the rate of influx in the regulationof net uptake of nitrate is discussed. Key words: Ion transport, nitrate, influx, kinetic parameters, N-deficiency 相似文献
11.
This paper reports the effects of low O2 concentration (001,0055, and 0.115mol m3) in nutrient solutions onK+/Na+ selectivity of growing and mature root tissues of 6-to 8-d-old, intact, wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Gamenya) seedlings. Increases in anaerobic catabolism and decreases in O2 uptake,K+ uptake and K+/Na+ selectivity were all more pronounced and/oroccurred at higher external O2 concentrations in the apex (02mm) than in the expanding tissues (24 mm); these growingtissues were, in turn, more affected than the expanded tissuesof the roots (412 mm). Selectivity for K+ over Na+ in roots and shoots was particularlysensitive to O2 deficiency. For example, in apical tissues (02mm) K + /Na+ selectivity was already reduced at 0.115 mol m3O2, yet at this O2 concentration there was no effect on eithergrowth or (K+/Na+) uptake. Upon transfer from 0.01 to 0.26 mol m3 O2, a detailedstudy of the 12 mm root tips showed that 70% of these tips regainedhigh (K+ + Na+) concentrations and K+/Na+ ratios. In contrast,there was no recovery in the remaining 30% of the 12 mm roottips. Net K+ transport to the shoots during the period afterre-aeration was negative for the population as a whole. Theseverity of these effects supports the view that the root tipsand the stele were more susceptible to O2 deficiency than wasthe cortex of the fully-developed root tissues. Key words: Hypoxia, K+/Na+ selectivity, expanded and expanding tissues 相似文献
12.
Smith, J. R., Smith, F. A. and Walker, N. A. 1987. Potassiumtransport across the membrane of Chara. I. The relationshipbetween radioactive tracer influx and electrical conductance.J.exp. Bot. 38:731751. The 42K influx () and the electrical conductance (Gm) were measured simultaneously for the membraneof internodal cells of Chara australis as a function of theexternal [KCl] (K?. In bathing solutions of pH = 5?0, progressively increased from 20?5to 430?60 nmol m2 s1 and Gm increased from 0?36?0?02to 3?8?0?8 S m2 when K? was increased from 0?1 to 10mol m3. The resting membrane potential difference (p.d.)was approximately -135 mV for low K? and approached the expectedNernst equilibrium p.d. for K+ ions when K? > 1?0 mol m3.Measurements of 36Cl influx suggested that the 42K influx waspredominantly electrogenic. The equivalent Goldman permeabilityto K+ ions (Pk) was approximately 2030 nm s1 anddid not vary significantly with increasing K?. The equivalentconductance attributable to the electrogenic transport of K+ ions was calculated from assuming passive, independent diffusionof K+ ions and the ratio was found to be typically close to one. It was also found that themagnitudes of and Gm measuredsimultaneously for each individual cell were also well correlatedfor K? 1?0 mol m3, and that the slope of the line ofbest fit was close to one. For each K? it was found that theconductance not attributable to K+ translocation and presumablyassociated primarily with the transport of protons or theirequivalents was typically 0?20?5 Sm2. For K? >1?0 mol m3 the results indicated that the transport ofK+ ions was essentially independent, i.e. there was no evidencefor flux interactions. The results also indicated that the equivalentconductance derived from the measured 42K influx could usefullyindicate the fraction of the electrical conductance attributableto the translocation of K+ ions. Key words: Potassium, conductance, influx 相似文献
13.
HOFFMANN ROSANNE; TUFARIELLO JOANN; BISSON MARY A. 《Journal of experimental botany》1989,40(8):875-881
The effect of elevated Na+ concentration on Na+ permeability(PNa) and Na+ influx in the presence of two levels of externaldivalent cations was determined in Chara corallina and freshwater-culturedChara buckellii. When Na+ in the medium was increased from 1.0to 70 mol m3, Na+ influx increased in both species ifCa2+ was low (0.1 mol m3). If Ca2+ was increased to 7.0mol m3 when Na+ was increased, Na+ influx remained atthe low control level in C. corallina, and showed only a temporaryincrease in C. buckellii. Mg2+ was a better substitute for Ca2+in C. buckellii than in C. corallina. Na+ permeability data suggest that when the external Ca2+ concentrationis low, PNa does not increase in the presence of elevated NaCl;the increase in Na+ influx appears to be due to the increasein external Na+ concentration alone. Ca2 + supplementation appearsto decrease PNa whereas supplemental Mg2+ has no effect. Na+ effluxes were computed from previously determined net fluxesand the influxes. It was found that for both species, fluxesin both directions were stimulated in response to all experimentaltreatments, but Na+ influx always exceeded efflux. This resultedin net Na+ accumulation in the vacuoles of both species. The results are discussed with reference to net flux and electrophysiologicaldata obtained previously under identical conditions, as wellas the comparative salinity tolerance of both species and theNa+/divalent cation ratio. Key words: Na+ influx, Na+ tolerance, membrane potential, permeability, Chara 相似文献
14.
Diurnal K+ and Anion Transport in Phaseolus Pulvinus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Diurnal movement of Phaseolus leaf is caused by deformationof the laminar pulvinus located at the joint of the leaf bladeand the petiole. The plants were cultured in solutions withvarious ion compositions, and changes of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+,Cl, NO3 and P1 concentrations both in the upperand lower parts of the laminar pulvinus were measured. Culturein 10 mM KCl solution caused an increase in K+ and Clconcentrations both in the upper and lower parts without anysignificant change in the concentration of NO3; culturein 10 mM KNO3 solution caused an increase in K+ and NO3concentration without any significant change in the concentrationof Cl; and culture in 10 mM KH2PO4 solution caused anincrease in K+ and P1 concentrations without any significantchange in the concentrations of NO3- and Cl. K+ moved from the upper to lower parts or from the lower toupper parts diurnally in all plants cultured in any solutionmentioned above. The main inorganic anion that accompanied thisK+ movement was Cl in KCl solution, and NO3 inKNO3 solution. When the seedlings were cultured in distilledwater or in KH2PO4 solution, neither Cl NO3 norP1 accompanied this K+ movement. In these cases, mainly H+ and/ororganic anions are supposed to move in exchange for and/or incombination with K+ movement. (Received November 8, 1982; Accepted June 13, 1983) 相似文献
15.
Internal Factors Regulating Nitrate and Chloride Influx in Plant Cells 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
The primary factor determining the observed decrease in activeC1 influx during salt accumulation in carrot and barleyroot cells has been shown to be the concentration of C1+ NO3 in the vacuole. The relationship between C1 influx and the vacuolar concentrationsof various substances was examined after the tissues had accumulatedions from various salt solutions. After accumulating K+ malate,C1 influx was not reduced, but after accumulating C1or NO3 salts, C1 influx was reduced by up to 90per cent. Considering all treatments, C1 influx was notcorrelated with the vacuolar concentration of K+, Na+, (K++Na+),reducing sugars, malate, C1, or NO3, nor withthe cellular osmotic pressure. The correlation coefficient betweenCl influx and log (C1 + NO3 concentrationin the vacuole) was highly significant, and accounted for allthe variation in C1 influx in this experiment. Net NO3 influx is similarly reduced by a high C1concentration in the vacuole. External Cl and NO3have quantitatively different, apparently competitive, effectson C1 influx. These differ from the apparently negative-feedbackeffects of C1 and NO3 in the vacuole, which arequantitatively similar. Decreasing the internal hydrostatic pressure by raising theexternal osmotic pressure increased active K+ influx in Valoniaventricosa, but had no effect on C1 or K+ influx in carrotor maize root cells. Cl influx is not related to thereducing sugar concentration during ageing drifts in excisedcarrot root tissue. Acetazolamide did not inhibit C1 influx to carrot tissue. The implications of this type of negative feedback regulation,and the relationship between C1 and NO3 transportare discussed. 相似文献
16.
Chloride Transport in Chara: I. KINETICS AND CURRENT-VOLTAGE CURVES FOR A PROBABLE PROTON SYMPORT 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Chara cells show an inward positive electric current acrossthe plasmalemma when exposed to Cl under voltage-clampconditions. The rapid rise of this current suggests that itis directly associated with the inward transport of Cl.The dependence of the current on Cl concentration showssaturation, the data fitting the Michaelis-Menten equation withVm up to 100 nmol m2 s1 (for Clstarvedcells) with KM 1020 µM, and with some allowancefor an unstirred layer of water adjacent to the membrane. Theeffects on the current of clamp potential, illumination, withdrawalof alkali metal cations, and addition of amine were also investigated.These results suggest that the mechanism is the symport of 2H+ with each Cl, and that the actions of light, externalK+, and amine in stimulating Cl, influx are indirect. 相似文献
17.
The Ionic Relations of Acetabularia mediterranea 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The concentrations of K+, Na+, and Cl in the cytoplasmand the vacuole of Acetabularia mediterranea have been measured,as have the vacuolar concentrations of SO4 andoxalate. The electrical potential difference between externalsolution, and vacuole and cytoplasm has been measured. The resultsindicate that Cl and SO4 are probably transportedactively into the cell, and that active transport of Na+ isoutwards. The results for K+ are equivocal. The fluxes of K+,Na+, Cl, and S04 into the cell and theeffluxes of Na+ and Cl have been determined. The Clfluxes are extremely large. In all cases the plasmalemma isthe rate-limiting membrane for ion movement. A technique isdescribed for the preparation of large, completely viable cellfragments containing only cytoplasm, with no vacuole. 相似文献
18.
Possible reasons for relative salt stress tolerance in nodules of white lupin cv. Multolupa 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
Fernndez-Pascual M.; de Lorenzo C.; de Felipe M.R.; Rajalakshmi S.; Gordon A.J.; Thomas B.J.; Minchin F.R. 《Journal of experimental botany》1996,47(11):1709-1716
The effects of different NaCl concentrations on the growth andnitrogen fixation activity of white lupin (Lupinus albus [L.])was studied over a 6 d period. Plant growth parameters, photosynthesisand shoot respiration were unaffected by NaCl concentrationsup to 150 mol m3. However, nitrogenase activity decreasedwith increased NaCl concentration up to 100 mol m3, whilstthe O2 diffusion resistance increased with 100 mol m3NaCl, but showed no further change when 150 mol m3 NaClwas applied for 6 d. Increases in NaCl concentration decreasednodular starch content while increasing sucrose content, suggestingan osmotic regulation. These changes were associated with a77% decrease in sucrose synthase activity. The effect on theO2 diffusion resistance was paralleled by changes in glycoproteincontent of the nodules, as determined by immunogold localizationand ELISA. X-ray microanalysis studies of nodules showed that,following a 6 d exposure to 150 mol m3 NaCl, Na+ ionswere largely excluded from the infected zone, whilst only lowlevels of Cl- ions penetrated into this region. Na+ entry intoroots and leaves was also at a low level. Leghaemoglobin contentdecreased with saline stress, as did superoxide dismutase; whichdecreased by 36% following exposure to 100 mol m3 saltfor 6 d. These results are discussed in relation to the relativesalt tolerance of the Multolupa/ISLU-16 symbiosis. Key words: Salt stress, nodules, nitrogen fixation, oxygen diffusion, carbohydrates, Lupinus albus 相似文献
19.
Uptake of Imidazole and its Effects on the Intracellular pH and Ionic Relations of Chara corallina 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ammonia (pKa 9.25) and methylamine (pKa, 10.65) increase cytoplasmicpH and stimulate Cl influx in Chara corallina, theseeffects being associated with influx of the amine cations ona specific porter. The weak base imidazole (pKa 6.96) has similareffects but diffuses passively into the cell both as an unionizedbase and as a cation. When the external pH is greater than 6.0influx of the unionized species predominates. Imidazole accumulates to high concentrations in the vacuole,where it is protonated. Cytoplasmic pH and vacuolar pH riseby only 0.20.3 units, suggesting a large balancing protoninflux across the plasma membrane. Balance of electric chargeis partially maintained by net efflux of K+ and net influx ofCl. Calculation of vacuolar concentrations of imidazole(from (14C] imidazole uptake, assuming that there is no metabolism)plus K+ and Na+ indicates an excess of cations over inorganicanions (Cl). However, although the osmotic potentialof the cells increases, also indicating increased solute concentrations,the increase is less than that predicted by the calculated ionicconcentrations. This discrepancy remains to be resolved. Becausethe osmotic potential also increases when imidazole is absorbedfrom Cl-free solutions it is likely that maintenanceof charge-balance can also involve synthesis and vacuolar storageof organic or amino acids. Key words: Imidazole, potassium, intracellular pH, membrane transport, Chara 相似文献
20.
Two strains of Dunaliella, one halotolerant and one halophilic,were grown in batch culture at NaCl concentrations varying from500 mol m3 to 3000 mol m3. Measurements were madeof the following solutes: glycerol, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl,phosphate in the cells of logarithmic and of stationary-phasecultures. The method used was to separate the cells from thebulk of the medium by differential density centrifugation. Soluteconcentrations were calculated using Blue Dextran as a markerfor extracellular space. It was found that in log-phase cells,glycerol accounted for one-half to two-thirds of the total cellsolute concentration, the remainder being largely accountedfor by Na+ and Cl. In the stationary phase glycerol felland Na+, plus Cl, rose. Light intensity was found toaffect cell volume and solute content. The means whereby soluteconcentrations are controlled is discussed. Key words: Osmoregulation, Ion concentrations, Dunaliella 相似文献