基于载体的RNA干涉介导人核受体hLRH-1的表达抑制实验研究

为探讨经RNA干涉法诱导人核受体hLRH-1的表达抑制的可行性,通过设计并构建能表达靶向人核受体hLRH-1基因的siRNAs的干涉载体pShLRH-1．1和pShLRH-1．2,经脂质体介导法转染人肝癌细胞BEL-7402,RT-PCR法鉴定hLRH-1基因的表达抑制效应,同时以同样方法分析焦磷酸法呢酯合成酶基因的表达情况。瞬时转染后分析结果表明,所构建的干涉载体pShLRH-1．1和pShLRH-1．2均能在细胞水平有效诱导hLRH-1基因的表达抑制,抑制率高达约80％;与未转染和空载体转染对照组相比,hLRH-1基因表达受抑的细胞中焦磷酸法呢酯合成酶基因的表达呈明显上调,提示hLRH-1可能在焦磷酸法呢酯合成酶基因的表达中起负调作用。     

Microarray Analysis of Gene-Expression Profile in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell, BEL-7402, with Stable Suppression of hLRH-1 via a DNA Vector-based RNA Interference

To establish a cell line with a permanent suppression of hLRH-1 in this study, a stable RNAi vector (pSineohLRH-1) targeting hLRH-1 was constructed and introduced into hepatocellular carcinoma cell, BEL-7402. By semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis, the expression of hLRH-1 in BEL-7402 cells carrying pSineohLRH-1 was shown to be significantly suppressed by up to ∼60%. In addition, microarray analysis was carried out to assess the extent of altered gene expression in BEL-7402 cells with stable knockdown of hLRH-1. Direct comparison of gene-expression profiles of more than 18 000 genes showed that 405 of the expressed genes in hLRH-1-knockdown cells differed dramatically in expression levels from those in controls, which suggested the even extensive biological functions of hLRH-1. Interestingly, among those differentially expressed genes, some are cancer-associated such as Gadd45β and PTEN, and their expressions were further validated. Although the identification of the exact relationship between these genes and hLRH-1 awaits intensive investigation, the findings of this study provide new insights into the mechanism by which hLRH-1 is involved in tumorigenesis.     

基于载体的RNA干扰介导入核受体hLRH-1表达稳定抑制肝癌细胞BEL-7402的基因表达谱分析

为建立-hLRH-1表达稳定抑制的细胞系,我们构建了hLRH-1基因靶向的稳定RNA干涉载体（pSineohLRH-1）并导入肝细胞癌细胞BEL-7402。通过半定量RT-PCR分析发现,携有pSineohLRH-1的BEL-7402细胞其hLRH-1基因mRNA的表达抑制率达60％。此外,微阵列法基因表达谱分析结果表明,与未干涉的对照细胞相比,包括一些肿瘤相关的基因如Gadd45β和PTEN在内的405个基因在hLRH-1基因表达稳定下调的BEL-7402细胞中呈明显的表达差异,意示hLRH-1具比已知更为广泛的生物学功能。尽管hLRH-1与这些差异表达基因的确切关系尚有待进一步的实验探究,我们的发现仍为hLRH-1在肿瘤发生发展中可能的作用机制的揭示提供了新的线索。     

PER1对人肝癌细胞BEL-7402辐射敏感性的影响

本文通过X射线照射SMMC-7721、BEL-7402和HepG2三种肝癌细胞后,以克隆形成试验检测其存活分数,结果显示在梯度剂量X射线0、2、4、6、8、10 Gy照射下SMMC-7721、BEL-7402、HepG2三种细胞克隆存活分数逐渐下降,其中SMMC-7721在三种肝癌细胞系中对辐射最敏感,BEL-7402辐射抗性在三种肝癌细胞系中最高。Western blot检测发现PER1在SMMC-7721中的表达水平明显显著高于BEL-7402和HepG2(P<0.05)。过表达PER1蛋白以后,BEL-7402接受5 Gy X射线照射后凋亡明显增多,同时,western blot和RT-qPCR试验结果发现,X射线照射过表达PER1的BEL-7402细胞,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达明显降低,凋亡执行蛋白Caspase-3断裂明显增多。研究结果表明PER1蛋白的高水平表达可以促进X射线诱导的凋亡,增强肝癌细胞的辐射敏感性。     

Tyroserleutide tripeptide affects calcium homeostasis of human hepatocarcinoma BEL-7402 cells

This study aimed to observe the effects of tyroserleutide (tyrosyl-seryl-leucine, YSL) on the growth of human hepatocarcinoma BEL-7402 that was transplanted into nude mice, and explore its anti-tumor mechanism preliminarily. YSL, at doses of 80 μg-kg^-1 · d^-1, 160 μg·kg^-1 ·d^-1 and 320 μg · kg^-1 · d^-1 significantly inhibited the growth of the human hepatocarcinoma BEL-7402 tumor in nude mice, producing inhibition of 21.66%, 41.34%, and 34.78%, respectively. Ultra structure of BEL-7402 tumor in nude mice showed that YSL could induce tumor cells apoptosis and necrosis, cell organelle mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum damage, and calcium overload. By confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry, we found that 10 μg/mL YSL rapidly induced an increase of the concentration of cytoplasmic free calcium in BEL-7402 cells in vitro, and maintained high concentrations of cytoplasmic free calcium for 1 h. Then the calcium concentration began to decrease after 2 h, and was lower than that of the control group at 4 h and 24 h (P< 0.05). YSL also decreased the mitochondrial transmembrane potential of BEL-7402 cells in vitro, but had no effect on the calcium homeostasis or mitochondrial transmembrane potential of Chang liver hepatocytes. So affecting calcium homeostasis, then inducing apoptosis and necrosis may be a mechanism by which YSL inhibits the tumor growth in animal model.     

黄芩甙对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞增殖和侵袭转移的影响及机制

目的探讨黄芩甙对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞系增殖、侵袭转移的影响及其机制。方法应用细胞培养技术培养人肝癌BEL-7402细胞,MTT实验、软琼脂克隆形成实验检测黄芩甙对肝癌细胞增殖的影响。通过Boyaen小室模型测定其侵袭力,细胞迁移实验测定细胞运动能力,同时观察细胞形态。流式细胞术测定肝癌细胞MMP2、TIMP2表达,免疫组化测定VEGF表达。结果黄芩甙能明显抑制肝癌细胞增殖,细胞侵袭力及运动能力明显下降,且呈量效关系（P〈0．05）。形态学观察发现,黄芩甙处理组细胞形态较圆,伪足数目较少;MMP2阳性表达细胞减少,TIMP2阳性表达细胞增多,MMP2／TIMP2比值下降;VEGF表达减少。结论黄芩甙能抑制肝癌BEL-7402增殖、侵袭与转移,其机制可能与直接抑制细胞迁移运动,抑制细胞基质溶解相关基因蛋白MMP2表达,促进TIMP2表达;VEGF表达减少有关。     

Synthesis of novel dibenzoxanthene derivatives and observation of apoptosis in human hepatocellular cancer cells

We have synthesized dibenzoxanthene derivatives 2a-2i via nucleophilic substitution of methoxyl group and evaluated underlying antitumor molecular mechanism of target compounds. Compounds showed high cytotoxic activities against BEL-7402, A549, HeLa and MG-63 cancer cells in the µM range. These compounds inhibited the cell growth of BEL-7402 cells at S or G2/M phase. The compounds 2a-2i also induced the apoptosis of BEL-7402 cells. In addition, compounds enhanced the level of intramolecular ROS and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot analysis showed caspase-3 were activated and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl was down-regulated. According to given results, these dibenzoxanthenes exhibited a broad spectrum of antiproliferative effects on various tumors and therapeutic efficacy. Molecular mechanism indicated that induction of apoptosis was associated with DNA fragmentation, ROS generation, mitochondria dysfunction. Compounds induced apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells through the intrinsic ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway.     

The theaflavin monomers inhibit the cancer cells growth in vitro

The biological effects of tea and tea constituents havebeen studied and reviewed in many publications. Teaand its components have been demonstrated to inhibitchemically induced carcinogenesis in animal models,including cancers of the skin, lung, esophagus…     

Musca Domestica Larva Lectin Induces Apoptosis in BEL-7402 Cells Through a Ca2+/JNK-mediated Mitochondrial Pathway

Although Musca domestica larvae lectin (MLL) is able to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and to induce cancer cell apoptosis, the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for these processes remain elusive. In the current study, the signaling network underlying the MLL-induced apoptosis of human hepatoma BEL-7402 cell was investigated. Our data found out that MLL causes a sustained increase of the intracellular Ca²⁺ and this process was prevented by the intracellular calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM, suggesting the involvement of intracellular Ca²⁺ in MLL-induced cell apoptosis. MLL also causes the production of reactive oxygen species and elevates the phosphorylation status of JNK, processes associated with the increased cytoplasmic Ca²⁺. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening study showed that MLL treatment of BEL-7402 cells results in the opening of MPTP and a reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. In such condition, cytochrome-c was detected to be released from mitochondria to cytoplasm through the MPTP. This eventually activates caspase-3 and thus results in apoptosis of the tested BEL-7402 cells. According to a comprehensive review of all the evidence, it is concluded that MLL induces apoptosis of BEL-7402 cells through a Ca²⁺/JNK-mediated MPTP pathway.     

Porphyrins containing nitric oxide donors: Synthesis and cancer cell-oriented NO release

Four novel porphyrins containing nitric oxide (NO) donors were synthesized, and the structures of all the products were characterized by IR, UV–vis, ¹H NMR, and elementary analysis. Interestingly, these new compounds not only were able to release NO, but also showed cancer cell-oriented accumulation. Higher accumulation of these new porphyrins containing NO donors in BEL-7402 liver cancer cells than in L-02 liver normal cells was corroborated by UV–vis spectroscopy. The biological activity of these porphyrins against BEL-7402 liver cancer cells was tested with a MTT assay. The studies indicated that they had more effective killing of BEL-7402 liver cancer cells than that of L-02 liver normal cells, and they had similar activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells when compared to 5-fluorouracil in the absence of light.     

白花蛇舌草豆甾醇对肝癌细胞的体内外抑制作用及对其增殖周期、凋亡的影响

目的:研究白花蛇舌草豆甾醇(stigmasterol from Hedyotis diffusa willd.,SHD)对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721、BEL-7402的体外抑制作用,对肝癌H22的体内抑制作用及对其增殖周期、凋亡的影响。方法:MTT法评价SHD对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721、BEL-7402的抑制率变化规律。昆明雄性小鼠60只,随机取10只为正常对照组,余接种H22瘤株,随机分为模型对照组、5-FU阳性对照组(30mg/kg)和高中低剂量SHD给药组(剂量分别为15、30、60mg/kg),腹腔给药10 d后,比较各组瘤重抑制率、H22细胞周期分布、凋亡率。结果:SHD对SMMC-7721、BEL-7402细胞具有体外抑制作用;SHD显著抑制H22肿瘤,增加G0-G1期细胞比例,降低G2/M期细胞比例,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡。结论:SHD在体外、体内均具有抑制肝癌细胞的作用,此作用与阻滞肿瘤细胞增殖周期,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡有关。     

Reversal effect of 2′,4′-dihydroxy-6′-methoxy-3′,5′-dimethylchalcone on multi-drug resistance in resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line BEL-7402/5-FU

Multi drug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in the chemotherapeutic treatment of many human cancers. 2′,4′-Dihydroxy-6′-methoxy-3′,5′-dimethylchalcone (DMC), a chalcone, isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus, has been shown to have antitumor effects on human carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, we studied the reversal effect and the mechanism of DMC on human hepatocellular carcinoma drug-resistant cells BEL-7402/5-FU in vitro. Administration of DMC reversed the multi-drug resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402/5-FU cells significantly. DMC enhanced the sensitivity of BEL-7402/5-FU cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and doxorubicin (DOX). Staining with Hoechst 33258 and flow cytometric analysis showed that DMC has apoptosis-inducing effect on BEL-7402/5-FU cells. It could also increase the concentration of 5-FU in the resistant multi-drug-resistant cells. We also observed that over-expression of the multi-drug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) and of the glutathione S-transferase π (GST-π) contributed to MDR in BEL-7402/5-FU cells. The mRNA expressions of MRP1 and GST-π and the protein expression of MRP1 were decreased by DMC. These data demonstrated that DMC could effectively reverse MDR in BEL-7402/5-FU cells.     

PPARγ mediates the effects of WIN55,212-2, an synthetic cannabinoid, on the proliferation and apoptosis of the BEL-7402 hepatocarcinoma cells

Cannabis sativa has long been used as a traditional medicine in China. Among its effective compounds are cannabinoids. This study determined the effect of WIN55,212-2 (WIN), a synthetic cannabinoid, on the BEL-7402 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line. The results showed that WIN could decrease the proliferation of BEL-7402 cells. Moreover, WIN could cause apoptosis of the cells via up-regulation of Bax expression, down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression, induction of the mitochondrial membrane potential, increase of caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities, and induction of the cleavage of caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). The WIN-induced apoptosis was accompanied by the up-regulation of PPARγ expression, the activation of PPARγ DNA binding activity, and a down-regulation of PPARγ target oncogene c-myc. Conversely, the effects of WIN could be attenuated by PPARγ antagonist GW9662, and the WIN induced PPARγ expression was partially attenuated by AM630, a cannabinoid receptor-2 antagonist, whereas the WIN-induced reduction of c-myc expression was partially restored by GW9662. Collectively, our results suggest that WIN can decrease the proliferation and cause apoptosis of the BEL-7402 cells via a mitochondrial-caspase pathway and mediated by PPARγ. These results may provide a basis for the application of WIN in HCC treatment.     

地参多糖对实验肿瘤细胞体内外增殖的影响

旨在研究地参多糖对小鼠体内S180A肿瘤细胞增殖的影响及体外对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞生长的影响.体内实验采用皮下接种小鼠S180A肿瘤细胞,以生理盐水为阴性对照,环磷酰胺为阳性对照,腹腔给药(ip给药)不同剂量地参多糖7d,称取小鼠瘤质量并计算抑瘤率.体外实验采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法测定地参多糖对体外BEL-7402细胞抗肿瘤活性;倒置荧光显微镜观察地参多糖对BEL-7402细胞形态学的影响;流式细胞术检测地参多糖对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞周期的影响.体内实验结果表明:随着地参多糖浓度的增加,体内对小鼠S180A肿瘤的抑制率逐渐提高,最高抑瘤率可达41.29％ (P＜0.01).体外实验结果表明:随着地参多糖浓度和培养时间的增加,体外培养的BEL-7402细胞存活率逐渐降低,抑制率逐渐增加,细胞出现明显的形态学改变,且能诱导细胞凋亡;流式细胞术证实地参多糖使体外培养的BEL-7402细胞发生G0/G1期阻滞.体内外实验均证实地参多糖具有抗肿瘤作用,值得进一步开发利用.     

IL—6诱导肝癌细胞BEL—7402细胞凋亡及其Ca^2＋转导机制

白细胞介素－6（interleukin-6,IL-6）具有直接或间接的抗肿瘤活性,本组在以前的体内外实验中证明其具有明显的抑制肝癌作用。本文主要报告应用流式细胞仪和共聚焦显微镜检测IL－6对肝癌细胞（BEL－7402）凋亡的作用和该过程中Ca^2 转导机制。生长曲线描绘以及MTT分析结果表明,IL－6（6000u/ml）作用于BEL－7402细胞24小时后,生长抑制率达12％左右,而流式细胞仪结果显示IL－60（6000u/ml）作用于BEL－7402细胞24小时后,BEL－7402细胞凋亡率达8.2％。流式细胞仪分析还表明,IL－60（6000u/ml）作用于BEL－7402细胞24小时后,对照组平均FTTC荧光值为1.03而IL－60（6000u/ml）组为0.759,也就是说,IL－6引起了bcl－2基因表达下降。激光共聚焦显微镜测定表明,IL－60（6000u/ml）作用于BEL－7402细胞后,胞浆[Ca^2 ]c升高达2倍。若事先加入TC（thapsigargin),15min后再加入IL－6,则抑制了胞浆内[Ca^2 ]c升高;事先10min或5min分别加入EGTA和普鲁卡因（procaine）也有同样的抑制作用。上述结果表明,IL－6在一定剂量下可以诱导肝癌细胞BEL－7402发生细胞凋亡,该凋亡过程可能与Ca^2 转导及bcl-2基因表达下调有关。     

Tyroserleutide tripeptide affects calcium homeostasis of human hepatocarcinoma BEL-7402 cells

Copyright by Science in China Press 2005 Primary hepatocarcinoma is one of the most fre-quent digestive-tract cancers, particularly in China. The incidence and death rate of primary hepatocarci-noma in China is the highest in the world, with about 1100 thousands people dying from primary hepatocar-cinoma per year[1]. Although the chemotherapeutic agents are the main therapeutic approach for hepato- carcinoma, they are relatively ineffective and result in many toxic and side effects. Accordin…     

定位在线粒体的肝刺激因子对线粒体膜电势的影响

目的肝刺激因子（hepatic stimulator substance,HSS）可以保护肝细胞免受各种毒素的影响,但机制尚未清楚,研究探讨肝刺激因子保护肝细胞的可能机制。方法利用稳定转染FLAG-pcDNA3．0／hHss的肝癌细胞BEL-7402为模型,使用Alexa Flour 488、Hoechst 33342、MitoTracker 580分别将HSS、细胞核以及线粒体染色,观察HSS在细胞中的定位情况。当野生型7402细胞、转染空载体FLAG-pcDNA3．0的7402细胞以及转染FLAppcDNA3．0／hHSS的7402细胞受到线粒体膜孔道开放剂羰基氰化间氯苯腙（carbonyl cyanide m—chlorophenylhydrazone,CCCP）的损伤后,用电镜观察线粒体形态、荧光素酶检测ATP、流式细胞仪测定线粒体膜电位（mitoehondrial membrane potential,MMP）等,综合观察过表达HSS的肝细胞的抗损伤能力。结果在稳定转染hHSS基因的7402细胞中,大部分HSS与线粒体共定位;在CCCP作用下,对照组野生型7402细胞以及转染空载体的7402细胞MMP下降明显,线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂、消失,ATP下降显著;实验组稳定转染hHSS基因的7402细胞MMP下降幅度较小,线粒体肿胀与嵴形态的改变明显减轻,ATP的含量较对照组高。结论肝刺激因子HSS在细胞中主要定位于线粒体,可以稳定MMP,维持线粒体形态及细胞内ATP的水平,从而增强肝细胞抗损伤的能力。     

人肝癌细胞BEL-7402中热休克蛋白70相伴甲胎蛋白的实验研究

为研究人肝癌细胞BEL-7402中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)与甲胎蛋白(AFP)的相互作用,采用免疫化学和免疫荧光检测HSP70和AFP在肝癌细胞中的表达和定位.HSP70与AFP的相互关系通过免疫共沉淀和蛋白印迹杂交进行分析.结果免疫化学显示人肝癌细胞BEL-7402中存在高水平的HSP70和AFP共表达,均定位于细胞浆.AFP存在于HSP70单抗的免疫沉淀中,而HSP70则存在于AFP单抗的免疫沉淀中.结果表明人肝癌细胞BEL-7402中HSP70与AFP相伴.两者之间的相互关系研究将成为探讨肝癌的发生和免疫治疗的新途径.