共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The effect of exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on mitotic activity and chromosomal aberrations in root tip meristems of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. Tokak 157/37) germinated under salinity was analyzed. The inhibitory effect of salinity on mitotic index and the
frequency of chromosomal aberrations increased with increasing salt concentration (0.00 control, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45 M, molal
NaCl). The frequency of chromosomal aberrations of seeds germinated in medium with 0.40 M NaCl after pretreatment with H2O2 (30 μM, micromolal) was significantly higher than the control group. The highest concentration of NaCl (0.45 M) together
with H2O2 caused total inhibition of germination. In this study, the intention was to determine the performance of H2O2 in alleviating detrimental effect of salt stress on mitotic activity and chromosomal aberrations. However, H2O2 did not reduce the detrimental effect of NaCl on these parameters. Also, it caused higher chromotoxic effect compared to
those of control groups. 相似文献
2.
Cytogenetic response of 24-epibrassinolide on the root meristem cells of barley seeds under salinity 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Cytogenetic response of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) and different NaCl concentrations (0.30, 0.35 and 0.40 M, molar) on root
meristem cells of barley were analysed. Plants grown on media containing 0.30, 0.35 and 0.40 M NaCl showed a significant decrease
of mitotic index and higher number of chromosomal abnormalities as compared to those of control conditions. Also, the mitotic
index approximately 50% decreased in EBR- treated samples and chromosomal abnormalities almost tipled those of control. EBR
pretreatment in higher concentrations of salt (0.40 M NaCl) caused total inhibition of mitotic activity in root-tip cells.
However, comparison of all concentrations of salt and control revealed to have a successful performance in ameliorating of
the detrimental effects of salinity on chromosomal abnormalities. 相似文献
3.
The effects of exogenous polyamines (PAs): spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd), cadaverine (Cad) and putrescine (Put) on mitotic
activity and chromosomal aberrations in root meristem cells of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) seeds exposed to salinity were analyzed. The PAs significantly inhibited cell division in distilled water. Furthermore,
most of these PAs (except for Spd) caused a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations as compared to
control group. Seeds treated with Put caused the highest percentage of mitotic abnormalities in total. The negative effect
of salinity on mitotic index and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations increased with increasing salt concentration. PAs
studied could not be successful in ameliorating of the negative effect of salinity on mitotic activity. Particularly, exposure
to Cad and 0.40 M NaCl caused a complete block of cell division in total. However, most of the PA studied showed a perfectly
performance in alleviating the detrimental effects of increasing salinity on chromosomal aberrations. 相似文献
4.
We investigated the germination requirements of the species Stachys germanica L. subsp. bithynica (Boiss.) Bhattacharjee (Lamiaceae). We studied the effects of scarification, short-time moist chilling (+4 °C) for 15 and 30 days, and various doses of gibberellic acid (GA3; 0, 100, 150 and 250 ppm), Kinetin (KIN; 50 ppm) and a combination of 250 ppm GA3 and 50 ppm KIN. The hormone and moist chilling treatments were carried out under both continuous darkness (20 °C) and photoperiodic (20/10 °C; 12/12 h, respectively) conditions. Seeds failed to germinate in response to short-time moist chilling treatments with distilled water under both continuous darkness and photoperiodic conditions. Seeds were found to have dormancy. Treatments with GA3 or a combination of GA3 and KIN were successful at breaking seed dormancy. A maximum of 37% of the seeds germinated after GA3 application in all series. When only KIN was applied at a 50 ppm concentration, germination (12%) was found only with moist chilling for 30 days under continuous darkness. The highest germination rates were found in seeds treated with combination of 250 ppm GA3 and 50 ppm KIN. In the combination treatments, while the moist chilling treatments for 15 days resulted in 68 and 73% germination, respectively, these rates were up to 95% in the moist chilling treatments for 30 days under continuous darkness and photoperiodic conditions. Mean germination time (MGT) in GA3 and KIN combinations was lower than in other treatments. Scarification with 80% sulphuric acid did not promote germination. The characteristics of physiological dormancy of S. germanica ssp. bithynica seeds are consistent with conditions of existence in the in alpine habitat of this species. 相似文献
5.
Anju Chauhan Bassam A. AbuAmarah Atul Kumar J.S. Verma Hamed A. Ghramh Khalid Ali Khan Mohammad Javed Ansari 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2019,26(6):1298-1304
Gibberellic acid (GA3) is one of the plant growth regulators which improve salt tolerance and mitigate the salt stress impact on plants. The extant analysis was carried out to study the effect of GA3 and different salt concentrations on seed germination and physiological parameters of oat cultivars. Oats is substantially less tolerant to salt than wheat and barley. Experimentation was conducted as factorial with Completely Randomized Block Design with three replicates. Different concentration of NaCl salt ((25, 50, 75 and 100 mM) were used in test control group and 100 and 150 ppm of GA3 were used in two group by pre-treated (after 24 h of the seed soaking) and plants were analyzed on 15th day. Results indicate that increasing salinity would decrease the germination percentage and growth parameter in three oat cultivars. Quotes data indicating a 13%, 19.9% and 32.48% in cultivars NDO-2, UPO-212 and UPO-94 germination reduction when soil salinity reaches 50 mM. A 36.02%, 47.33% and 56.365 reduction in germination is likely when soil salinity reaches 100 mM respectively same cultivars. Seeds treated with GA3 significantly promoted the percentage of germination, shoot and root length, total fresh and dry weight of seedling, tissue water content and seedling vigor index by NDO-2 and UPO-212 under different saline concentration. The maximum average of germination and growth parameters were observed from 150 ppm GA3 treated seeds. But this concentration was significantly inhibited root length in sensitive cultivar UPO-94 at 75 and 100 mM salt as compared to 100 ppm. We observed that, the high concentration of GA3 was not suitable for sensitive oat cultivars. Because the plant root are the real workforce behind any plants success. Thus, it may be concluding that, GA3 treatment could curtail the toxic effect of salinity by increasing germination percentage and shoot and root length, total fresh and dry weight, tissue water content and seedling vigor index in tolerant cultivar. 相似文献
6.
Wentao Zhang Sheila D. S. Chiwocha Russell Trischuk Lawrence V. Gusta 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2010,29(1):91-105
Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) are two major phytohormones that regulate seed germination in response to internal
and external factors. In this study we used HPLC-ESI/MS/MS to investigate hormone profiles in canola (Brassica napus) seeds that were 25, 50, and 75% germinated and their ungerminated counterparts imbibed at 8°C in either water, 25 μM GA4+7, a 80 mM saline solution, or 50 μM ABA, respectively. During germination, ABA levels declined while GA4 levels increased. Higher ABA levels appeared in ungerminated seeds compared to germinated seeds. GA4 levels were lower in seeds imbibed in the saline solution compared to seeds imbibed in water. Ungerminated seeds imbibed
in ABA had lower GA4 levels compared to ungerminated seeds imbibed in water; however, the levels of GA4 were similar for germinated seeds imbibed in either water or ABA. The ABA metabolites PA and DPA increased in seeds imbibed
in either water, the saline solution, or ABA, but decreased in GA4+7-imbibed seeds. In addition, ABA inhibited GA4 accumulation, whereas GA had no effect on ABA accumulation but altered the ABA catabolism pathway. Information from our studies
strongly supports the concept that the balance of ABA and GA is a major factor controlling germination. 相似文献
7.
Salsola ferganica L. (Chenopodianceae) is an annual halophytic species. Experiments were carried out in laboratory to determine the effects of temperature, perianths and various types of salinity on seed germination and germination recovery. Seeds were germinated at 6 levels of temperature with perianths, plus perianths and removed perianths in complete darkness for 9 days. The germination responses of the seeds without perianths at 25 °C were determined over a wide range of NaCl, NaHCO3 or NaCl–NaHCO3 mixed stress for 13 days. Perianths seriously affected germination as a barrier for seed germination and the optimal temperature was at 25 °C. Highest germination percentage was obtained under control and seed germination was progressively inhibited with the increase of salinity concentration. The negative effect of NaHCO3 at the same concentration on germination was stronger than that of NaCl and NaCl–NaHCO3 mixed. When substrate salinity was removed, seeds exposed to a high NaCl concentration (400–800 mM), NaHCO3 (50–200 mM) and NaCl–NaHCO3 mixed (100–400 mM) germinated well. Final germination of Salsola ferganica seeds was significantly affected by types of salt at the low salinity (?200 mM) and with increased salinity it was influenced mainly by salinity concentration for various proportion of salt–alkali mixed stress. 相似文献
8.
In order to elucidate the GA3-priming-induced physiochemical changes responsible for induction of salt tolerance in wheat, the primed and non-primed seeds of two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, namely, MH-97 (salt intolerant) and Inqlab-91 (salt tolerant) were sown in a field treated with 15 dS m−1 NaCl salinity. Although all the three concentrations (100, 150 and 200 mg L−1) of GA3 were effective in improving grain yield in both cultivars, the effect of 150 mg L−1 GA3 was much pronounced particularly in the salt intolerant cultivar when under salt stress. Seed priming with GA3 altered the pattern of accumulation of different ions between shoots and roots in the adult plants of wheat under saline conditions. Treatment with GA3 (150 mg L−1) decreased Na+ concentrations both in the shoots and roots and increased Ca2+ and K+ concentrations in the roots of both wheat cultivars. GA3-priming did not show consistent effect on gaseous exchange characteristics and the concentrations of auxins in the salt stressed plants of both wheat cultivars. However, all concentrations of GA3 reduced leaf free ABA levels in the salt intolerant, while reverse was true in the salt tolerant cultivar under saline conditions. Priming with GA3 (150 mg L−1) was very effective in enhancing salicylic acid (SA) concentration in both wheat cultivars when under salt stress. Treatment with GA3 (100–150 mg L−1) lowered leaf free putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) concentrations in the plants of both wheat cultivars. The decrease in polyamines (Put and Spd) and ABA concentrations in the salt stressed plants of the salt intolerant cultivar treated with GA3 suggested that these plants might have faced less stress compared with control. Thus, physiologically, GA3-priming-induced increase in grain yield was attributed to the GA3-priming-induced modulation of ions uptake and partitioning (within shoots and roots) and hormones homeostasis under saline conditions. 相似文献
9.
Contrasting Effects of GA3 Treatments on Tomato Plants Exposed to Increasing Salinity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Albino Maggio Giancarlo Barbieri Giampaolo Raimondi Stefania De Pascale 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2010,29(1):63-72
The role of plant hormones under saline stress is critical in modulating physiological responses that will eventually lead
to adaptation to an unfavorable environment. Nevertheless, the functional level of plant hormones, and their relative tissue
concentration, may have a different impact on plant growth and stress tolerance at increasing salinity of the root environment.
Vigorous plant growth may counteract the negative effects of salinization. In contrast, low gibberellin (GA) levels have been
associated with reduced growth in response to salinity. Based on these facts and considering that the physiological basis
of the cause-effect relationship between functional growth control and stress adaptation/survival is still a matter of debate,
we hypothesized that exogenous applications of the plant hormone GA3 may compensate for the salt-induced growth deficiency and consequently facilitate tomato plant adaptation to a saline environment.
GA3 application (0 or 100 mg GA3 l−1) was compared under four salinity levels, obtained by adding equal increments of NaCl:CaCl2 (2:1 molar basis) (EC = 2.5, 6.8, 11.7, 16.7 dS m−1) to the nutrient solution. GA3 treatment reduced stomatal resistance and enhanced plant water use at low salinity. These responses were associated with
an increased number of fruit per plant at harvest. However, moderate and high salinity nullified these differences. The fruit
carotenoid level was generally lower in GA3-treated plants, indicating either an inhibitory effect of GA3 treatment on carotenoid biosynthesis or a reduced perception of the stress environment by GA3-treated tomato plants. 相似文献
10.
Ramalingam Radhakrishnan Abdul Latif Khan In-Jung Lee 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2013,51(6):850-857
In the present study, four endophytic fungi (GM-1, GM-2, GM-3, and GM-4) were tested for their ability to improve soybean plant growth under salinity stress conditions. The seed germination and plant growth were higher in seeds pretreated with endophytic fungal cultures than their controls. The positive influence of fungi on plant growth was supported by gibberellins analysis of culture filtrate (CF), which showed wide diversity and various concentrations of GAs. Specifically, GA4, GA7, GA8, GA9, GA12, and GA20 were found in fungal CFs. Under salinity stress conditions, GM-1 significantly enhanced the length and fresh weight of soybean plants relative to other fungal treatments. GM-1 effectively mitigated the adverse effects of salinity by limiting lipid peroxidation and accumulating protein content. GM-2, GM-3, and GM-4 also counteracted the salinity induced oxidative stress in soybean plants through reduction of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of protein content, maintaining the length and fresh weight of shoots. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were inhibited in salinity exposed plants, while GM-1 significantly enhanced these antioxidant enzyme activities in plants under salt stress. GM-1 treatment also showed lower levels of abscisic acid and elevated levels of salicylic acid in plants under salinity stress. Hence, GM-1 was identified as Fusarium verticillioides (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis) isolate RK01 based on its DNA sequence homology. These results suggest that endophytic fungal (F. verticillioides) pre-treatment of soybean seeds would be an effective method to promote soybean plant growth under salinity stress conditions. 相似文献
11.
Skotodormant seeds of Lactuca sativa Grand Rapids imbibed in darkness for 10 days (10-day DS) germinated poorly upon terminal treatment with red light (R) or gibberellin A3 (GA3). Inorganic nitrogen salts in the imbibition solutions reduced seed skotodormancy. Ten-day DS seeds, imbibed in 25 mm salt solutions followed by terminal R, germinated 99% if imbibed in NH4NO3, 70% if imbibed in KNO3 or NH4Cl, and 55% if imbibed in NaNO3. Seeds imbibed in higher salt concentrations germinated fully upon terminal R treatment. Seeds imbibed in 25 mm NH4Cl or in 50 mm NH4NO3 germinated completely upon GA3 treatment. Osmotic effects of imbibition media accounted for only part of the effect, since seeds imbibed in 50 mm CaCl2 or NaCl germinated poorly following R or GA3 treatment. Seeds imbibed in 500 mm polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 or mannitol solutions for 10 days still exhibited skotodormancy. Treatments of R or GA3 did not stimulate germination in seeds imbibed in mannitol, but germination was complete if seeds were given 1-h acid immersion plus a water rinse before the terminal R or GA3 treatment. Seeds imbibed in 50–500 mm PEG during 10-day DS germinated significantly better in response to terminal R. Terminal GA3 significantly improved germination only in seeds imbibed at 500 mm PEG. Pfr appeared to function in mannitol-imbibed seed only after an acid treatment. Seed exposure to inorganic nitrogen salts during the 10-day DS maintained seed sensitivity to terminal R or GA3 treatment. The depth of seed skotodormancy was related to the availability of inorganic nitrogen and also involved the levels of Pfr or endogenous GA3.Abbreviations FR
far red
- DS
dark storage
- R
red
- GA3
gibberellin A3
- PEG
polyethylene glycol
- SHAM
salicylhydroxamic acid
- ANOVA
analysis of variance
- GLM
general linear model
- LSD
least squares difference
- Pfr
far-red absorbing form of phytochrome 相似文献
12.
Richard S. Criddle Lee D. Hansen R. William Breidenbach Michael R. Ward Ray C. Huffaker 《Plant physiology》1989,90(1):53-58
The effect of salinity stress on metabolic heat output of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) root tips was measured by isothermal microcalorimetry. Several varieties differing in tolerance to salinity were compared and differences quantified. Two levels of inhibition by increasing salt were found. Following the transition from the initial rate to the first level, inhibition remained at about 50% with further increases in salt concentration up to 150 millimolar. The concentration of salt required to inhibit to this level was cultivar dependent. At higher concentrations (>150 millimolar) of salt, metabolism was further decreased. This decrease was not cultivar dependent. The decreased rate of metabolic heat output at the first transition could be correlated with decreases in uptake of NO3−, NH4+, and Pi that occurred as the salt concentration was increased. The high degree of dependence of the inhibition of metabolic heat output on NaCl concentration points to a highly cooperative reaction responsible for the general inhibition of metabolism and nutrient uptake. The time required to attain the first level of salt inhibition is less than 20 minutes. Inhibition of root tips was not reversible by washing with salt free solutions. In addition to revealing these features of salt inhibition, isothermal microcalorimetry is a promising method for convenient and rapid determination of varietal differences in response to increasing salinity. 相似文献
13.
In this work, the effects of polyamine (cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine) pretreatments on the germination of
barley seeds, seedling growth under saline (NaCI) conditions and on leaf anatomy of the seedlings grown for 20 days in pots
with perlite containing different concentrations of NaCI prepared with Hoagland solutions following the germination period
of 7 days were studied. The inhibitive effect of salt on seed germination and seedling growth was alleviated in varying degrees,
and dramatically, by polyamine pretreatments at the levels of NaCI studied; particularly with lower levels of salt, the control
seeds were able to germinate with great difficulty. Also, the successes of these pretreatments continued, even decreased,
with higher levels of NaCI such that the control seeds showed no germination. On the other hand, on the various parameters
of leaf anatomy of barley seedlings, interactions between pretreatments of polyamine and salinity, with some of these being
statistically important, were observed. 相似文献
14.
Requirement for Ethylene Synthesis and Action during Relief of Thermoinhibition of Lettuce Seed Germination by Combinations of Gibberellic Acid, Kinetin, and Carbon Dioxide 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Plant physiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Application of exogenous ethylene in combination with gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin (KIN), and/or CO2 has been reported to induce germination of lettuce seeds at supraoptimal temperatures. However, it is not clear whether endogenous ethylene also plays a mediatory role when germination under these conditions is induced by treatment regimes that do not include ethylene. Therefore, possible involvement of endogenous ethylene during the relief of thermoinhibition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv Grand Rapids) seed germination at 32°C was investigated. Combinations of GA3 (0.5 millimolar), KIN (0.05 millimolar), and CO2 (10%) were used to induce germination. Little germination occurred in controls or upon treatment with ethylene, KIN, or CO2. Neither KIN nor CO2 affected the rate of ethylene production by seeds. Both germination and ethylene production were slightly promoted by GA3. Treatments with GA3+CO2, GA3+KIN, or GA3+CO2+KIN resulted in approximately 10-to 40-fold increases in ethylene production and 50 to 100% promotion of germination as compared to controls. Initial ethylene evolution from the treated seeds was greater than from the controls and a major surge in ethylene evolution occurred at the time of visible germination. Application of 1 millimolar 2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, in combination with any of above three treatments inhibited the ethylene production to below control levels. This was accompanied by a marked decline in germination percentage. Germination was also inhibited by 2,5-norbornadiene (0.25-2 milliliters per liter), a competitive inhibitor of ethylene action. Application of exogenous ethylene (1-100 microliters per liter) overcame the inhibitory effects of AVG and 2,5-norbornadiene on germination. The results demonstrate that endogenous ethylene synthesis and action are essential for the alleviation of thermoinhibition of lettuce seeds by combinations of GA3, KIN, and CO2. It also appears that these treatment combinations do not act exclusively via promotion of ethylene evolution as the application of exogenous ethylene alone did not promote germination. 相似文献
15.
A. Levent Tuna Cengiz Kaya Murat Dikilitas David Higgs 《Environmental and Experimental Botany》2008,62(1):1-9
The combined effects of salt stress and gibberellic acid (GA3) on plant growth and nutritional status of maize (Zea mays L. cv., DK 647 F1) were studied in a pot experiment. Treatments were (1) control (C): nutrient solution alone, (2) salt stress (S): 100 mM NaCl, (3) S + GA1: 100 mM NaCl and 50 ppm GA3 and (4) S + GA2: 100 mM NaCl and 100 ppm GA3. Salt stress (S) was found to reduce the total dry matter, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), but to increase proline accumulation, superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1) enzyme activities and electrolyte leakage. GA3 treatments overcame to variable extents the adverse effects of NaCl stress on the above physiological parameters. GA3 treatments reduced the activities of enzyme in the salt-stressed plants. Salt stress reduced some macro and micronutrient concentrations but exogenous application of GA3 increased these to levels of control treatment. Foliar application of GA3 counteracted some of the adverse effects of NaCl salinity with the accumulation of proline which maintained membrane permeability and increased macro and micronutrient levels. 相似文献
16.
Although much investigated, the factors constraining cereal grain protein accumulation are not well understood. As a result of the development of a new technique, new approaches to this question are now possible. A peduncle perfusion system was used to deliver a range of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and/or N solutions into barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants during the grain-filling period. The perfusion technique floods the peduncle interior with a treatment solution for periods of weeks to months, allowing the plant to take up administered substances from the perfused solution. The objectives of the present work were to determine: (1) whether some PGRs could alter the overall pattern of N allocation within barley plants, perhaps leading to higher protein accumulation in the seeds, (2) whether the addition of N through the peduncle could increase the seed N concentration even when the concentration of N in the rooting medium was high, and (3) whether or not PGR-stimulated elevations in grain protein levels and peduncle-added N increases in grain protein levels were additive. Three experiments were conducted to determine the physiological effects of (1) peduncle-administered PGRs (2) combinations of soil- and peduncle-applied N and (3) selected combinations of soil- and peduncle-administered N, and peduncle-applied PGRs on photosynthetic rate, dry matter partitioning and N accumulation of barley plants during grain filling. The first experiment tested four PGRs: abscisic acid (ABA), kinetin, gibberellic acid (GA3), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) each at three concentrations. The second experiment tested three levels of soil N (NH4NO3) fertility, and two concentrations of peduncle-added N (urea). The third experiment tested four PGRs: ABA, kinetin, GA3, and 2,4-D with two soil N concentrations and two concentrations of peduncle-added N. ABA and 2,4-D decreased total seed weight of the perfused spike. The addition of peduncle-perfused N increased seed protein concentration and content under conditions of high soil N fertility, suggesting that seed protein accumulation is more limited by the ability of roots to take up N from the soil than by the seed to take up N from the rest of the plant. The effects of the PGRs on N allocation among plant parts varied with the amount of N available to the plant. Because it resulted in less protein stored in the flag leaf and more in the seeds, GA3 perfusion caused an overall change in the allocation of N among plant parts. Peduncle perfusion of kinetin and ABA affected some aspects of photosynthetic physiology. 相似文献
17.
Effects of brassinosteroids on barley root growth,antioxidant system and cell division 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gonul Kartal Aslihan Temel Ercan Arican Nermin Gozukirmizi 《Plant Growth Regulation》2009,58(3):261-267
Homobrassinolide (HBR), which is one of the most biologically active forms of Brassinosteroids (BRs), was used to examine
the potential effects of hormone on root germination, antioxidant system enzymes and cell division of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Seeds were germinated between filter papers in 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 μM HBR-supplemented distilled water for 48 h at dark
with their controls. HBR application increased especially the primary root growth significantly with increasing concentrations
when compared with the control materials and reached two fold increase in 1.0 μM HBR treated material. Treated and untreated
control group roots were fixed in 1:3 aceto-alcohol and aceto-orcein preparations were made. Roots treated with HBR showed
more mitotic activity, mitotic abnormalities and significant enlargements at the root tips when compared with control material.
HBR application decreased total soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and peroxidase
(EC 1.11.1.11) activities significantly at 1.0 μM HBR concentration. Data presented here is one of the first detailed analyses
of HBR effect on barley root development. 相似文献
18.
《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2022,29(6):103305
Salinity is a worldwide problem limiting the plant growth and risking food security. This study was conducted to examine exogenous application of silicon (Si), gibberellic acid (GA3) upon the ion transport, growth, yield, and antioxidant enzymes activities of pea plant in saline conditions. Two pea varieties Meteor-FSD and Samrina Zard were pre-treated with GA3 (10-4 M) for 12 h. Plants were allowed to grow with or without silicon in washed silica sand. Ten days old seedlings were shifted in pots with 10 kg soil. Twenty-five days old plants were exposed to 0 and 5 dS m?1 sodium stress. Results showed that exogenous application of GA3 + Si was the best treatment for increasing plant biomass and yield in the presence and absence of NaCl. Furthermore, application of Si or GA3 enhanced chlorophyll content in the leaves, thereby increasing the net assimilation rate of pea varieties under NaCl stress by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity. Treatment of Si alone or in combination with GA3 significantly reduced Na+ movement in both pea varieties. Results showed that Si has more prominent role than GA3 alone to build-up high plant biomass, yield, soluble protein content and reduction of Na+ transport. Samrina Zard variety showed higher yield, shoot and root dry weight as compared to Meteor-FSD variety in presence and absence of salt. It was concluded that Si can be used as a nutrient for pea under saline or non-saline conditions. Moreover, application of GA3 has a potential role for increasing salinity tolerance, mostly in sensitive pea varieties. 相似文献
19.
Abdul Latif Khan Muhammad Hamayun Yoon-Ha Kim Sang-Mo Kang In-Jung Lee 《Plant Physiology and Biochemistry》2011,49(8):852-861
Experiments were conducted to investigate the role of a newly isolated endophytic fungus GMC-2A on physiology of host plant (Glycine max. L cv. Hwangkeum-kong) growing under salinity stress. GMC-2A was identified as a new strain of Penicillium funiculosum on the basis of sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis of D1/D2 regions of 28S rDNA. Preliminary screening experiment showed that the culture filtrate (CF) of GMC-2A promoted the growth of Waito-C, a dwarf gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis mutant rice cultivar. Analysis of fungal CF revealed the presence of GAs (GA1 1.53 ng/ml; GA4 9.34 ng/ml; GA8 1.21 ng/ml; GA9 37.87 ng/ml) and indole acetic acid (14.85 μg/ml). GMC-2A also showed high phosphate solubilization of tricalcium phosphate. Besides that, GMC-2A application enhanced soybean seed germination as compared to control. Under salinity stress (70 and 140 mM), GMC-2A significantly promoted the soybean growth attributes (shoot length, shoot fresh/dry biomass, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate and leaf area) in comparison to control treatments. We also observed low endogenous abscisic acid and elevated jasmonic acid contents in GMC-2A treated plants under salt stress. GMC-2A treatment significantly enhanced levels of isoflavones (34.22% and 75.37%) under salinity stress as compared to control. In conclusion, P. funiculosum LHL06 has significantly ameliorated the adverse effects of salinity induced abiotic stress, and re-programmed soybean to higher growth and isoflavone biosynthesis. 相似文献
20.
The roles of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in plants are well documented. However, there is a little information regarding their roles in alleviating salt stress in plants, particularly peppermint. This necessitated the evaluation of the efficiency of three selected PGRs in counteracting the ill effect of salt stress by conducting a pot experiment on peppermint (Lamiaceae). Three uniform size suckers were transplanted in each pot containing proper nutrients. Thirty day old plants were subjected to 4 levels of salinity, viz. 0, 50, 100 or 150 mM NaCl. Salt stress was given at 30 days after their transplantation (DAT). Plants were sprayed twice, i.e., at 60 and 75 DAT with 10?6 M each of gibberellic acid (GA3), salicylic acid (SA) or triacontanol (Tria). The sampling was made at 100 DAT and harvesting at 120 DAT. The graded levels of salinity decreased growth, photosynthesis, carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, NPK content, peltate glandular trichome (PGT) density, essential oil (EO) and menthol content and herb, EO and menthol yield, but increased catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and proline content linearly. Spray of PGRs particularly SA improved all parameters under both salt and salt free conditions. The maximum values for yields of herb, EO and menthol were noted with 0 mM NaCl?×?SA. However, antioxidants, proline content, PGT density and EO content were found to be maximum with 150 mM NaCl?×?SA. 相似文献