Review of naupliar development among Miraciidae (Copepoda,Harpacticoida) with a naupliar description of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paramphiascella</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">choi</Emphasis> sp. nov. from Thailand

Both genders of Paramphiascella choi sp. nov. were collected from the green alga Enteromorpha clathrata in Rayong province, Thailand. P. choi shares with other species of the genus: cylindrical body shape, rostrum not bifid, eight-segmented antennules, three-segmented exopodal antenna, and female P5 exopod with five setae. The new species distinguished from other conspecific species by: three-segmented exopodal antenna, inner edge of basis of male P1 and P2 bear a bare ovate-knob each. Enp-1 very elongate, Enp-2 of male P2 transformed into a large, strong, slightly curved and tapering attenuation with two central chitinous ridges, and bearing one medially directed knob close to enp-1. At the base of this knob arise three plumose setae of unequal length. These characters are suggested to be autapomorphies of the new species. Six naupliar stages are obtained and described a key for the identification of stages is provided. Nauplius I has one pair of caudal setae; three-segmented antennules; antenna consists of a coxa, basis, endopod and exopod; mandible has a coxa, basis, endopod and exopod; hindbody bears two caudal setae. Nauplius II develops one aesthetasc on the antennule; antenna has added an arthrite arising from the coxa; mandible has a row of tiny spinulose setae. Nauplius III has added two pairs of caudal setae. Nauplius IV bears bilobed bud of the maxillule armed with two setae and four pairs of caudal setae. Nauplius V bears a multilobed bud of the maxillule with three setae and five pairs of caudal setae. At Nauplius VI, the buds of swimming legs 1 and 2 are added.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Foxtosognus rarus</Emphasis> gen. n., sp. n.—A new genus and species of copepods (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the abyssopelagic zone of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench

A female of Foxtosognus rarus gen. n., sp. n., a new genus and species of copepods, is described from the abyss of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. The new genus is placed in the family Arctokonstantinidae, whose diagnosis is emended and supplemented with the following characters: mandibular basis with one to two setae; mandibular endopod one without setae; maxillular distal basal endite plus endopod with two to four setae or without setae. The features that distinguish Foxtosognusgen. n. from other representatives of this family are as follows: mandibular palp with a long endopod segment one, endopod segment two with seven setae, and exopod segment five with two setae; maxillula with distal basal endite lacking setae and separated from endopod bearing three setae; maxillular precoxal arthrite with seven to eight setae and exopod with four setae; maxilliped syncoxa without setae on precoxal endites and endopod of three segments. The genera Sognocalanus and Foxtonia earlier included in the Spinocalanidae are herein transferred to the Arctokonstantinidae.     

Doxomysis algoaensis, a new mysid species (Crustacea: Mysidacea) from Algoa Bay (South Africa)

Doxomysis algoaensis sp.nov. is described from Algoa Bay, South Africa where it is common in nearshore marine waters just beyond the breaker line. D. algoaensis sp.nov. is morphologically similar to D. australiensis, but can readily be distinguished by the shape and armature of the telson and the length of the exopod of the fourth male pleopod. The apical cleft is one fifth the telson length in the former species and one third the length in D. australiensis. The telson apex on each side of the cleft is also armed with five and four stout spines in the two species, respectively. In D. australiensis, the exopod of the fourth male pleopod is almost three times the length of the endopod; in D. algoaensis sp.nov., the exopod is only slightly longer than the endopod. Other distinctive features of D. algoaensis sp.nov. include the maxillary palp, which is only slightly broader than long and the greater number of spines on the endopod of the uropod.     

A new species of the genus Lightiella: the first record of Cephalocarida (Crustacea) in Europe

A new species of Cephalocarida belonging to the genus Lightiella is described. Like all known species of Lightiella , the new species is characterized by reduction of trunk segment 8, which also lacks both pleura and thoracopods. The diagnostic characters of the species are: (1) one seta on the inner distal corner of the penultimate endopodal segment of second maxilla and thoracopods 1–5; (2) only one claw on the distal segment of the endopod of thoracopod 6. A cladistic analysis of 27 morphological characters was used to estimate the phylogeny of all species of Lightiella , with all other cephalocarid species used as outgroups. The discovery of this species in the Mediterranean fills a gap in the distribution of the genus and of the entire class.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 148 , 209–220.     

A new species of Vanbenedenia Malm, 1860 (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae) from the Southern Indian Ocean

A rare find of the elusive genus Vanbenedenia off the south-eastern coast of South Africa on a Hydrolagus sp. proved to be an as yet undescribed species. Vanbenedenia hydrolagae n. sp. differs from the three other species of the genus by virtue of the relative length of the second maxillae, the absence of multiple setae on the exopod of the first maxilla and the bifid nature of the sclerotised hook and sub-terminal seta of the maxilliped. SEM micrographs provided information on the mouth-cone.     

Habrobathynella nagarjunai n. sp., the second representative of Bathynellacea (Crustacea, Syncarida) from groundwaters of South India

A new species of the genus Habrobathynella Schminke, 1973, i.e. H. nagarjunai n.sp., is described from the groundwater of the Nagarjuna University campus near Guntur town, South India. One of the principal criteria in the original definition of Habrobathynella is amended to accommodate the new species. H. nagarjunai n.sp. differs from its three congeners, i.e. H. milloti (Delamare & Paulian, 1954), H. jeanneli (Delamare & Paulian, 1954) from Madagascar, and H. schminkei Reddy, 2002 from India, in several essential morphological details: the sympodite of uropod bears 8–10 similar spines; the apophysis on segment 4 of the antennule is short; of the two setae on the exopodite of uropod, one is apical and the other subapical in position; the basal segment of maxilla has three unequal setae; the male thoracopod VIII is relatively elongate. H. nagarjunai n. sp. is the second representative of the groundwater (eustygobiont) Bathynellacea in South Asia. Furthermore, a key to the identification of Habrobathynella spp. is given.     

Taxonomic position of and generic distinction between Parepactophanes Kunz, 1935 and Taurocletodes Kunz, 1975 (Copepoda, Canthocamptidae incertae sedis), with description of a new species from the Black Sea

Both sexes of a new species of Taurocletodes Kunz, 1975 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae incertae sedis ) are described from sandy beaches along the Black Sea coast of Turkey. The genus Taurocletodes is removed from its synonymy with Parepactophanes Kunz, 1935 and re-instated as a valid genus, accommodating the type species T. dubius (Noodt, 1958) comb. nov. and T. tumenae sp. nov. Both genera can be differentiated by major differences in the segmentation of P1–P3 endopods, the absence/presence of penicillate setae on P1 endopod, the number of outer spines on P2–P4 exp-3, the armature of P2–P4 endopods and the sexual dimorphism of P2 endopod and P3 exopod. T. tumenae sp. nov. and T. dubius are morphologically very similar, differing in morphometric characters related to the endopodal segmentation of P1 and P4, and armature of the male P5. The controversial taxonomic status of Parepactophanes and Taurocletodes within the family Canthocamptidae is discussed.  © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 140 , 469−486.     

External morphology of the male of Cyclestheria hislopi (Baird, 1859) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Spinicaudata), with a comparison of male claspers among the Conchostraca and Cladocera and its bearing on phylogeny of the 'bivalved' Branchiopoda

The adult male of Cyclestheria hislopi, sole member of the spinicaudate conchostracan clam shrimp family Cyclestheriidae and a species of potential phylogenetic importance, is described for the first time. Several previously unknown features are revealed. Among these are (1) the morphology of the dorsal organ, which is roughly similar in shape to the supposedly homologous structure in other clam shrimps but bears a relatively large, centrally located pore unique to the species; (2) an anterior cuticular pore presumably leading to the ‘internal’ space surrounding the compound eyes, and thereby homologous to the same pore in other clam shrimps and in the Notostraca; (3) the spination and setation of the antennae and thoracopods, and (4) the mature male first thoracopods (claspers). The male claspers are paired and essentially equal in size and shape on right and left sides of the body. The second pair of thoracopods are not modified as claspers, a situation different from all other spinicaudate families but shared (plesiomorphic we propose) with the laevicaudatans and most cladocerans. The claspers bear a field of special spine-like setae on the extremity of the ‘palm’; this setal type, previously unrecognized, is unique to Cyclestheria. The palm of the clasper also bears two palps (one very small), as in other conchostracan species (both laevicaudatans and spinicaudatans). The movable finger of the clasper, modified from the thoracopod endopod, bears a row of long setae along its outer extremity, also unique. Cyclestheria exhibits a mixture of characters, some unique and others typical of the Spinicaudata (Conchostraca). Cladoceran clasper types are briefly reviewed. as are the claspers in the Spinicaudata and Laevicaudata (Conchostraca). Morphology of the clasper of Cyclestheria shows typical spinicaudate characters. It is suggested that claspers on the first thoracopods may be a synapomorphy for the Conchostraca and the Cladocera. The possible role of Cyclestheria or a Cyclestheria-like ancestor in cladoceran phylogeny is briefly discussed in light of recent suggestions (Martin and Cash-Clark, 1995) of cladoceran monophyly and possible ancestral relationships with this genus. Some possibilities concerning the phylogenetic position of Cyclestheria–either as a sister group to the rest of the Spinicaudata or as a sister group to the Cladocera—are discussed.     

A new species of Harpacticella Sars, 1908 (Copepoda,Harpacticoida), from a tidal pool on Jeju Island,Korea

A new species of the genus Harpacticella Sars, 1908 is described from a tidal pool on Jeju Island, Korea. Harpacticella jejuensis sp. n. is closely related to Harpacticella itoi Chang & Kim, 1991, with regard to the structure of P1 exp-1 and enp-1, the length of P1 exp-1 and exp-2, and the setal number of the P5 exopod in males. However, the new species is clearly distinguishable from Harpacticella itoi by the combined following characters: six setae on the P5 exopod in females, one naked seta on the inner margin of P1 exp-2, the short endopod of P1 compared to the exopod, and a naked long seta on the proximal inner margin of the P5 exopod of males. The mtCOI partial sequence is provided as a DNA barcode for the new species.     

Tantulocarida (Crustacea) from the Southern Ocean deep sea,and the description of three new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tantulacus</Emphasis> Huys,Andersen &; Kristensen, 1992

During the expedition ANT XIX/3 meiofauna samples were collected from the German research vessel Polarstern near the Shackleton Fracture Zone. During sorting of the samples 86 tantulus larvae were found. Extensive examination of the larvae revealed a high diversity of tantulocaridans in the Southern Ocean deep sea (33 species). A remarkable proportion of these were new species of Tantulacus Huys, Andersen & Kristensen, 1992. The present paper reports the discovery of three new Antarctic tantulocarids which are referred to Tantulacus. The affiliation of T. longispinosus n. sp., T. karolae n. sp. and T. dieteri n. sp. to Tantulacus is straightforward: all representatives of the Tantulocarida are characterised by the presence of 1-2 slender setae on the endopod of the second to fifth thoracopods, but in none of the hitherto described genera, other than Tantulacus, are these elements modified. Tantulacus hoegi Huys, Andersen & Kristensen, 1992 and the three new species share the possession of a distal rigid spine on the endopod of the second to fifth thoracopods as a synapomorphy and thus can be readily distinguished from other tantulocaridans. This is the first record of free-living sediment-inhabiting tantulus larvae from this area, although this probably reflects the degree of undersampling.     

Atarbolana makranensis,a new species of Cirolanidae (Crustacea,Isopoda) from Makran,Iranian coast of the Gulf of Oman

Atarbolana makranensis sp. n. is described from the intertidal zone of Makran along the Iranian coast of the Gulf of Oman. Atarbolana makranensis sp. n. can be recognized by the presence of a tuft of long setae on the antennal flagellum of males, elongate pleotelson with 12 robust marginal setae, pleotelson with narrowly rounded apex extending well beyond the uropodal endopod, uropodal endopod half as long as exopod with 14 robust marginal setae, and appendix masculina with an acute apex and extending beyond endopod distal margin. A key is provided for the four known species of Atarbolana Bruce & Javed, 1987.     

A new genus and two new species of Canthocamptidae (Copepoda,Harpacticoida) from caves in northern Italy

Lessinocamptus n. gen. is established toaccomodate three species from northern Italian caves.It can be ascribed to the family Canthocamptidae Sars1906 and is distinguished from the other genera by thecombined characters of: antenna exopod 1-segmented andbearing 3 setae (or 1 seta and 1 spine); mandibularpalp 2-segmented with distal article bearing 5 setae;swimming legs exopods 3-segmented; setal formula ofexopods: P1 0.0.022; P2 0.1.112; P3 0.1.212; P4 0.1.212; P1endopod 2-segmented; P2 endopod 1- or2-segmented; female P3 endopod 1- or 2-segmented, maleP3 endopod 3-segmented and modified as usual inCanthocamptinae; male P5 baseoendopod with 2 spinesand exopod with 3 spiniform setae. Three species aredescribed in detail: L. caoduroi n.sp. from thevadose zone of Lessinian caves, L. insoletus(Chappuis 1928) and L. pivai n.sp. from caveBuso della Rana near Vicenza.     

A new species of Pseudomacrochiron Reddiah, 1969 (Crustacea: Copepoda: Macrochironidae) associated with scyphistomae of the moon jellyfish Aurelia sp. (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) off Japan

A new species of the Macrochironidae Humes & Boxshall, 1996 (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), Pseudomacrochiron aureliae n. sp., is described based on adult specimens extracted from the gastrovacular cavity of the scyphistomae of Aurelia sp. (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) collected in the Seto Inland Sea and Ise Bay off the coast of Japan. The new species differs from its congeners by having the following combination of characters: a caudal ramus with a length to width ratio of 3.1; an accessory flagellum on caudal setae II, III and VI; three apical setae on the maxillule; only setae I and II on the maxillary basis; two short spines on the female maxilliped claw (endopod); an armature of III, I, 4 on the terminal exopodal segment of leg 3; an armature of I, II, 2 on the terminal endopodal segment of leg 3; an armature of II, I, 4 on the terminal exopodal segment of leg 4; and a short free exopodal segment of leg 5 (length to width ratio of 1.4) armed with a long seta and short spine. P. aureliae n. sp. is the first member of the genus reported from off Japan and from the scyphistomae of its scyphozoan host.     

Two new species of deep-sea leptostracans (Crustacea: Phyllocarida: Leptostraca) from the North-West Pacific

Small collections of leptostracans (4 specimens and 1 defective specimen) was collected with the help of the epibenthic sledge (EBS) in August 2012 in the deep-sea basin at depth 5245–5421 m in the region to east of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench during the Russian-German KuramBio expedition. All these specimens relate to two new species of genera Sarsinebalia and Nebaliella from family Nebaliidae. Sarsinebalia pseudotyphlops sp. nov. differ from S. kunyensis, S. cristoboi and S. urgorrii by compound eyes gud. Eyes of S. pseudotyphlops have not discernible ommatidia and pigment. S. pseudotyphlops differ from S. typhlops and S. biscayensis by next characteristic: supra-orbital plate of S. pseudotyphlops reach only basal third of eye dorsally; antennular flagellum is 1.6 length of antennular scale; S. pseudotyphlops has 2-segmented endopod of maxilla 2; lateral border of furcal rami is by this species smooth, without set; exopod of pleopod 1 has by S. pseudotyphlops with 7 small and 2 long spines on dorsolateral border and 1 stout spine and 4 very long setae on apex; protopod of pleopod 4 has by S. pseudotyphlops on distal border between exopod and endopod nearly rectangular process. Moreover, S. pseudotyphlops differ from two other species of compound and arming of pleopods 5 and 6. Nebaliella kurila sp. nov. separate from the other species of Nebaliella the unique characters of compound articles 1 and 2 on peduncle of antenna, exopod of pleopod 1, and minimal value for this genus ratio length of pleopod 6 to length of pleonite 6. Moreover, N. kurila has carina on anterolateral lower corner of carapace; ratio of the rostral flange to exposed keel 1:1; 6-segmented palp of maxilla 1 and endopod of toracopod 8; and has not proximalventral tuberculate process on rostrum and stout spinulose process on article 2 of mandibular palp.     

A new genus (Copepoda,Harpacticoida, Laophontidae) from Jeju Island of Korea

A survey on the harpacticoid copepods from an intertidal zone in Hyeopjae sandy beach, Jeju Island, Korea, resulted in the discovery of an unusual laophontid, Jejulaophonte hyeopjaeensis sp. n., which cannot be placed in any extant genus within the family. To accommodate the species, a new genus of the family Laophontidae T. Scott, 1905 is proposed and fully described here. The new species is closely related to the lineage of the five primitive genera, Carraroenia McCormack, 2006, Coullia Hamond, 1973, Hemilaophonte Jakubisiak 1933, Psammoplatypus Lee & Huys, 1999, and Robustunguis Fiers, 1992 (the CCHPR-lineage) by the reduced P2 endopod, ovate shape of the female P5 exopod and sexual dimorphism in the P3 endopod. However, it displays discrepancies from the species of the CCHPR-lineage in the presence of an inner seta on P3 and P4 exp-2, four setae on P4 enp-2, and an inner seta on P3 and P4 enp-2 in the female. Furthermore, no other species within the family Laophontidae has three setae on P2 exp-3 and a seta on P2 enp-2 at the same time. The new species has sexual dimorphism in the antennule, genital segmentation and the legs from P2 to P5. The terminal seta on the second endopodal segment of P2 in the male is longer than that in the female. The endopod of P3 is 3-segmented and displays a short inner apophysis on the second segment in the male. The outer setae on the exopod of P3 and P4 are distinctly thicker and stronger in the male than in the female. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) sequencing of the new species has been realized in order to be used in future phylogenetic analysis.     

Some evolutionary trends in caligid copepods

The genera Caligus and Lepeophtheirus can be used to illustrate some evolutionary trends. The most striking example of these trends is a gradual reduction of the fourth thoracopod, now largely functionless. All stages of this reduction can be found in Caligidae. Other, apparently correlated, changes are also present. For example, reduction in the armature of the first thoracopod occurs mainly among species in which the fourth exopod has become two-segmented, though still retaining the seta associated with the original three-segmented structure.     

First record of harpacticoid copepods from Lake Tahoe,United States: two new species of Attheyella (Harpacticoida,Canthocamptidae)

Benthic harpacticoids were collected for the first time at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, United States. Two species were identified as members of the genus Attheyella Brady, 1880. The genus Attheyella comprises about 150 species within six subgenera, but only twelve species have previously been reported from North American freshwater habitats. The two new species of Attheyella described here have a 3-segmented endopod on P1 and 2-segmented P2–P4 endopods, the distal segment of exopod of P2–P4 has three outer spines, and the P5 has five setae on the exopod and six setae on the baseoendopod. Attheyella (Attheyella) tahoensis sp. n. most closely resembles Attheyella (Attheyella) idahoensis (Marsh, 1903) from Idaho, Montana, and Alaska (United States) and Attheyella (Attheyella) namkungi Kim, Soh & Lee, 2005 from Gosu Cave in South Korea. They differ mainly by the number of setae on the distal endopodal segment of P2–P4. In addition, intraspecific variation has been observed on the caudal rami. Attheyella (Neomrazekiella) tessiae sp. n. is characterized by the extension of P5 baseoendopod, 2-segmented endopod of female P2–P3, and naked third seta of male P5 exopod. The two new species are likely endemic to Lake Tahoe, an isolated alpine lake within the Great Basin watershed in the western United States.     

Morphology of the early zoeal stages of Macropipus tuberculatus (Roux, 1830) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Portunidae)

The first three zoeal stages of the portunid crab Macropipus tuberculatus (Roux, 1830) are described and illustrated from laboratory-reared material obtained from one ovigerous crab captured in the western Mediterranean Sea. Zoeae of M.tuberculatus can be distinguished from other known polybiinid species from the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean waters by a combination of meristic and morphometric features, especially by the number of setae in the outer lobe of the maxilla endopod. Larval morphology presents additional evidence supporting the split of the genus Macropipus into the genera Liocarcinus and Macropipus sensu stricto based on adult characters.