福州市蔬菜农药残留检测与分析

采用农业行业标准NY/T761-2008检测方法,用气相色谱仪对福州市3家超市和3家农贸市场销售的16个蔬菜品种共60份样品进行有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的检测,并根据GB2763 - 2005标准判定检出超标情况.结果表明:农药残留检出率为31.67％;农药残留超标率为3.33％.从蔬菜种类上,白菜类、瓜类的检出率...     

用荧光技术检测蔬菜中的残留农药

用荧光光谱仪测试了几种用于蔬菜的常用农药的荧光光谱。从一些市售农药上记录到了荧光特征峰,从而可以区分这些农药。据此,可利用荧光光谱仪根据荧光光谱的不同,实时实地和快速地识别这些农药及其在粮食、蔬菜、水果表面上的可能残留。     

深圳市宝安区蔬菜农药残留研究

根据2006年、2007年和2008年对55种蔬菜、共27551份样品农药残留的检测结果,分析了广东深圳市宝安地区蔬菜农药残留的状况和规律.结果表明:随着政府各项监督管理措施的落实,宝安地区蔬菜农药残留超标率逐年下降,2006年为4.35%,2007年为4.34%,2008年为1.41%;每年6～8月超标率最低,而冬春两季超标率较高;检出超标率最高的农药是有机磷类农药,包括甲基异柳磷、治螟磷、毒死蜱和敌敌畏,其次是氯氰菊酯和甲氰菊酯等拟除虫菊酯类农药;在抽检的55种蔬菜中超标率较高的是几种十字花科蔬菜,依次是芥菜、小白菜和菜心.     

传感技术在农药残留快速检测中的应用

从生物传感、光学传感等传感技术着手,简述了传感技术在农药残留快速检测中的应用进展。     

有机磷农药对人类健康的影响及农药残留检测方法研究进展

随着工农业生产的发展, 社会与生态环境环境对人类健康的影响愈来愈大。环境污染严重影响人类身体和心理健康。对有机磷农药的生产及使用现状, 有机磷农药的结构和毒性作用, 有机磷农药残留对生态环境的污染和对人类健康的危害以及检测方法进行了探讨, 以期为有机磷农药的安全使用和农药残留检测提供参考依据。     

有机磷农药检测方法研究进展

本文综述了当前国内外对于有机磷农药残留的几种主要检测分析方法,主要有色谱法、波谱法、免疫法等。并分析了各种检测方法的特点。     

食品中农药残留的新型生物检测技术研究进展

食品安全是关系国计民生的重大战略问题。农药残留（简称农残）是造成食品质量与安全问题的重要因素。食品中农药残留不仅发生率高,而且超标严重,涉及范围广,长期接触或食用含有农药残留的食品会危害人体健康。传统的农残分析技术已经很难满足多样化食品安全检测的实际需求,现代新型生物技术因特异性强、灵敏度高、简单快速等优势,在食品的农残检测中得到广泛应用和持续发展。分析了食品中农药残留及检测技术现状,综述了酶联免疫吸附测定法、荧光免疫法和生物条形码免疫法等分析技术,及电化学、光学、压电传感器等生物传感技术在食品农残检测中的应用进展,讨论了各种技术的优势和局限,以期为相关研究提供参考,从而进一步提高我国食品农残的检测效率,保障食品安全,促进我国食品行业的可持续发展。     

环境介质中有机磷农药残留检测方法的研究与进展

在我国农业生产中,有机磷农药大量用于果蔬中,成为广谱、高效的病虫害防治手段.然而,由于有机磷农药长期不合理及过量使用,造成农作物、土壤和水等环境介质中出现有机磷农药或是其代谢物的残留,对消费者的健康产生极大威胁,农药残留问题已成为威胁食品安全的重大隐患.开发检测环境介质中有机磷农药残留的高灵敏和高准确性的方法具有极其重...     

菏泽市市售蔬菜农药残留分析及应对策略

为进一步提高市售蔬菜的质量水平和监管力度,采用气相色谱法对市售7大类蔬菜进行有机磷类和有机氯类农药残留分析。结果表明：超市所售蔬菜的检出率最低,农药残留多集中在绿叶类蔬菜,百菌清和毒死蜱的检出率相对较大,蔬菜的安全状态有一定的风险。文章分析了产生这一结果的主要原因,并提出应对策略。     

农药残留检测关键用酶固定化研究进展

为保障消费者食用安全,迫切需要研发农产品和食品中的农药残留快速检测技术.酶抑制法检测是目前农药残留快速检测技术中的主要研究方向之一,而酶的固定化是用基于酶抑制法原理对农药残留检测研究中的重要步骤.通过物理或化学的方法高效地将酶固定于载体上,同时保持酶的催化活性是开发各类基于酶抑制法检测农药残留传感器的关键.本文将从固定...     

救护鳄蜥食物有害重金属和农药残留的检测北大核心CSCD

鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)为国家I级保护野生动物。近年来,我国广西大桂山鳄蜥国家级自然保护区北娄繁育基地救护的鳄蜥一直存在疾病困扰,但原因不明。为了探讨这些疾病的发生是否与其食物中的重金属及农药污染相关,本研究采用电感耦合等离子体质谱和色谱质谱分析技术来检测其主要食物中的重金属和农药残留含量。结果显示,与其食物(蚯蚓)相比,鳄蜥体内的重金属含量更低,同时,农药残留含量在鳄蜥及其食物中均未检测出,说明重金属和农药通过食物的生物放大作用而在鳄蜥体内累积的可能性较小。因此,重金属与农药这两类环境污染物对鳄蜥疾病发生的影响较小。本研究为鳄蜥的人工救护繁育工作提供一定的参考,有利于鳄蜥的保护工作。     

Investigating Factors Affecting Unit-to-Unit Variability in Non-Systemic Pesticide Residues by Stochastic Simulation Modelling

The estimation of acute dietary intake plays a key role in the safety assessment of pesticide residues and needs knowledge of the unit-to-unit variability in residues. There is limited knowledge of contributions of factors to often observed large unit-to-unit variability in residues. A stochastic simulation study was conducted to investigate the effects of sample size and heterogeneity in factors driving residue dissipation of non-systemic pesticides on the unit-to-unit variability among individual apples. The heterogeneity in driving factors was expressed in terms of variability in three dissipation parameters. The variability factor (VF), calculated as the ratio of residues in individual fruit at the 97.5th percentile and the mean residue, was used to represent the unit-to-unit variability. As the rate of dissipation increased, the variability in the corresponding parameter led to larger increases in the variability VF of residues over time. Thus, under field conditions, the relative in pesticide residues is expected to increase with time although the absolute level of residues decreases. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used to describe residue variability in samples of small sizes (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80). When sample size was fewer than 40 fruit, the sample CV increased steeply with decreasing sample size. Measuring residues as concentrations, instead of per fruit, also led to an average 4–8% increase in the CV of residues because of variability in fruit expansion.     

亚硒酸钠对矮脚黄白菜农药残留和重金属积累的影响

采用盆栽试验考察了不同浓度和pH的亚硒酸钠溶液对矮脚黄白菜啶虫脒残留和重金属积累的影响。结果表明,亚硒酸钠溶液在浓度为1 mg/L且pH 7.0时对矮脚黄白菜促生效果显著优于对照和其它处理,叶绿素含量最高;在5 mg/L且pH 6.5时,啶虫脒和重金属Cd、Pb含量均显著下降;浓度为10 mg/L时对降低重金属含量的效果不明显。本研究表明,亚硒酸钠在降低植物农药残留和重金属积累方面具有一定的应用潜力。     

毛豆中腈菌唑残留量的气相色谱法测定

采用气相色谱法定量分析毛豆上腈菌唑的微量残留量。样品经乙腈提取,液液分配,中性氧化铝柱层析净化后,以气相色谱电子俘获检测器法(GC-ECD)测定,DB-1701毛细管柱、氮气为载气,柱温150℃20℃/min 260℃(10 min),气化室温度240℃,检测器温度300℃,外标法定量。该方法快速、准确,在0.05~2.00 mg/L范围内线性相关系数r²=0.9998,平均回收率91.1%~99.0%,变异系数1.22%~2.94%,最小检测量1.0×10^-12 g,最低检出浓度5.0×10^-4 mg/kg。     

海藻糖分析方法的研究

对目前研究中应用的海藻糖的定性定量分析方法作了较为全面的介绍 ,并对各种方法的特点及适用性作了比较。     

磷脂分析方法的研究进展

磷脂是细胞膜的重要结构组成成分,是许多生理活性物质的前体物质,还发挥着细胞信号传导,细胞增殖,细胞凋亡等作用。研究表明许多疾病与磷脂的代谢异常有关,对磷脂的分析有助于疾病的诊断和治疗,对磷脂的研究已经成为医学,生物和药学等众多学科的研究热点,因为磷脂结构复杂,种类繁多,对磷脂的分析一直比较困难,随着分析技术的不断进步,特别是质谱技术,文献报道应用HPLC-ESI-MS进行磷脂分析的报道也越来越多,为了更好地认识磷脂的结构,功能及其代谢过程等,本文从磷脂的提取方法,色谱分析,质谱检测方法和代谢组学研究等四个方面对对近年来针对磷脂分析的研究进展加以综述。     

A Rapid Determination of 30 Prohibited Pesticide Residues in Lycii Fructus by UPLC-MS/MS

Prohibited pesticide residues have become one of the main factors affecting the quality and safety of Lycii Fructus, However, rarely studies focus on the rapid determination of these residues. Here, a total of 30 kinds of prohibited pesticide residues were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in five different process ways. Pretreatment methods, chromatographic separation and detection conditions in mass spectrometry were all optimized accordingly. Among the five different pretreatment methods, the first and third solid phase extraction failed to provide high recoveries of sulfosulfuron compounds (both lower than 60%). Recovery of chlorphenamidine by the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe multiresidue method (QuEChERS) was lower than 60%, which did not meet the requirements of trace determination. The concentrations of 30 prohibited pesticides residues treated by straightforward and solid phase extraction showed good linearity in their corresponding ranges, with correlation coefficients over 0.99. The average recoveries of straightforward ranged from 78.13% to 110.9%, while RSD ranged from 1.3% to 16.9%, albeit poor purification was observed. The recovery yield from solid phase extraction was between 67.75% and 103.08% with RSD value from 0.8% to 14.0%, which met the requirements of trace determination, this method has good precision and stability. These results could be employed to other Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) in detecting prohibited pesticide residues.     

Analysis of Some Pesticide Residues in Tomatoes in Ghana

Pesticide residues, both natural and synthetic, can be found in most of the things we eat, for example, fruits, vegetables, bread, meat, poultry, fish, and the processed foods made from them. Some of this pesticide contamination is legal, but does this mean it is safe? Much of it is illegal, with residues found in excess of regulatory safe levels. Identifying and determining the level of trace contaminants in our food and environment is critical in protecting and improving human health and the environment. This study evaluates the residue levels of select pesticides used on tomato crops in Ghana that are likely to have accumulated in the tomatoes during application. The results obtained confirm that pesticide residues were indeed present in the tomatoes and further analysis quantified the amount present. Analysis of some organochlorine and organophosphorus residue levels in the fruits indicated that chlorpyrifos, which is an active ingredient of pesticides registered in Ghana under the trade name dursban 4E or terminus 480 EC for use on vegetables, has the greatest residue level of 10.76 mg/kg. The lowest residue level observed was that of pirimiphos-methyl with 0.03 mg/kg. Human health risk assessment was performed on the results obtained from the analysis using Human Health Evaluation computerized software-RISC 4.02. The risk assessment showed cancer risk for adults and children due to the presence of endosulfan and chlopyrifos. Endosulfan is not registered in Ghana as a pesticide for use on vegetables, therefore the detection of endosulfan in several samples indicates misuse of agrochemicals among Ghanaian farmers.     

Toward an Integrated Understanding of Pesticide Use Intensity in Costa Rican Vegetable Farming

Understanding the factors that influence the adoption of synthetic pesticides has to date overshadowed explanations of variation in pesticide intensity. I conducted a survey of vegetable farmers in Northern Cartago and the Ujarrás Valley, Costa Rica, in 2003–2004 with the goal of explaining differences in pesticide intensity with reference to socioeconomic, political economic, and agroecological characteristics and relationships. Using ordinary least squares regression models, this paper explores the factors that influence pesticide use intensity in potato and squash production. Results indicate that many variables strongly influence pesticide intensity, including variables related to the farmer, farm household, political-economic relationships, the biophysical environment, and agroecological relationships. Conclusions discuss the need for an integrated approach to adequately understand pesticide intensity and potential policy interventions including agroecological education and extension, increased enforcement of pesticide residue limits in the national market, and land reform to allow for longer fallow periods.

套袋对荔枝果实质量和农药残留的影响

用不同颜色和不同开口方式果袋对纪子笑荔枝进行套袋处理,对比研究了套袋对果实质量和农药残留的影响．结果表明,套袋对增进果实着色有明显效果,套袋果实Ⅰ、Ⅱ级果率在57．81％～81,57％之间,而对照仅为38．63％．套袋后果实的单果重量显著升高,尤其是白色袋的增重效果更为明显．虽然同种颜色的封口袋增重效果优于开口袋;但袋色对果实增重的影响作用远远大于套袋方式,开口袋不利于防虫,封口袋对防治荔枝虫害有一定效果,但防病效果不明显．套袋对果实营养成分的影响不显著,对果实品质无不利影响,但不利于农药的消解,可导致果实中甲氰菊酯和敌百虫残留量的增加,套袋果园配套农药品种的选择有待进一步筛选。