Haworthia mirabilis的组织培养与快速繁殖

1 植物名称 十二卷属植物Haworthia mirabilis V．Poelln．,购自Mesagarden公司。     

百特泵在鼻咽癌时辰化疗中的应用及护理

目的观察百特泵时辰化疗与常规化疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床不良反应情况。方法 2011~2014年在我科行调强放疗,同期以PF方案静脉化疗的鼻咽癌患者60例,将60例患者静脉化疗分为百特泵时辰化疗组与对照组,观察两组不良反应发生率。结果百特泵时辰化疗组的白细胞减少、口腔炎、腹泻、静脉炎的发生率较对照组低,两组比较差异具有统计学意义。结论应用调强放疗同期行百特泵时辰化疗能减轻同期化疗的不良反应,提高患者的耐受性。     

时辰化疗在恶性肿瘤治疗中的应用

时辰化疗是利用时辰原理给予肿瘤患者化疗药物,降低药物毒性,增高药物抗瘤作用,并有效提高肿瘤组织的敏感性,从而患者的耐受性也大大提高。目前,临床开始使用一种多通道编程输液泵(Melodie泵)严格控制药物的达峰时间,以正弦曲线形式在电脑程控下给予患者药物,对癌细胞进行精确打击,实现真正意义上的时辰化疗。本文将就时辰化疗在恶性肿瘤治疗中的应用进行综述。     

崖柏扦插繁殖获得成功

条纹十二卷（Ｈａｗｏｒｔｈｉａｆａｓｃｉａｔａ）是百合科十二卷属的植物，原产南非开普省。造型精巧，色彩淡雅，极具观赏价值，是大众化的多肉植物。采用分株法是以往的主要增殖途径，繁殖系数较低。用花序作为外植体的组织培养方法是常规的快速繁殖十二卷属植物的有效途径。而用幼芽和嫩叶作为外植体，使该植物的快繁过程更加简单便捷。一、培养基条件启动和诱导愈伤组织培养基：（１ＭＳ＋６ＢＡ３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋Ｖｃ２００ｍｇ／Ｌ；芽分化及增殖培养基：（２）ＭＳ＋６ＢＡ３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡ-Ａ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋Ｖｃ２００ｍｇ／Ｌ；…     

不同时辰电针对大鼠杏仁核一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的观察不同时辰电针对大鼠杏仁核一氧化氮合酶(NOS)表达的影响.方法采用还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)法,观察不同时辰电针大鼠一侧"足三里"穴对杏仁核NOS表达的影响.结果电针对大鼠杏仁皮质内侧核群、基底外侧核群NOS的表达有上调作用,并存在时辰差异(P<0.05);电针对大鼠杏仁中央核NOS表达无明显作用(P>0.05).结论电针对大鼠杏仁核NOS表达的影响有时辰差异.     

PF化疗同步联合时辰放疗与常规放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的随机对照研究

目的:比较局部晚期鼻咽癌分别接受顺铂联合氟尿嘧啶方案(PF)化疗联合时辰放疗以及PF化疗联合常规放疗时的疗效和毒副反应。方法:将我科45例初治局部晚期鼻咽癌患者随机分为时辰放疗组和常规放疗组,分别为22例和23例。两组均采用相同放射治疗方法和治疗剂量,同步给予PF方案化疗。时辰放疗组放疗时间在20:00-22:00,而常规放疗组在8:00-10:00。结果:两组患者在放疗结束3个月和6个月进行时比较发现,时辰放疗组患者的鼻咽部及颈部的肿瘤完全消退率(CR率)均比常规放疗组高(P<0.05)。而时辰放疗组的各种急性副作用发生率较常规放疗组低,但无统计学差异。治疗后时辰组CD4/CD8升高,常规组CD4/CD8降低(P<0.05)。结论:时辰放疗联合PF同步化疗针对局部晚期鼻咽癌患者疗效好,毒副作用轻,同时可能有利于改善患者的免疫功能。     

成蚊糖餐行为及其在蚊虫防制中的应用

蚊虫作为重要的病媒生物,其大多数种类在成虫阶段需要取食糖餐,且对不同糖餐组分表现出不同偏好。同时,糖餐行为具有特定的时辰节律。野外条件下,不同成蚊对不同开花植物及其果实具有不同的偏好,不同糖餐植物对成蚊的存活率、寿命、繁殖力的影响各不相同。成蚊对糖餐的定位与植物挥发物有关,目前已有多种糖餐植物的活性挥发物被鉴定。含毒糖诱剂对多种成蚊具有良好的防治效果,人们已将其用于多种病媒生物的防治及蚊媒病毒的检测。利用糖餐植物挥发物研发出蚊虫引诱剂,在降低蚊媒疾病风险方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文对成蚊取食糖餐的习性、成蚊偏好的糖餐植物相关研究以及如何利用成蚊的糖餐行为来进行蚊虫防制等进行了综述。     

兔年谈兔

今年是农历丁卯年,即兔年。按我国古时以十二个时辰的计时法,早晨5至7点是卯时。据说这个时候兔子一觉醒来,开始活动了,所以卯属兔。兔,大家都很熟悉,蓬松的细毛,长长的后腿,短尾,竖耳,滴溜溜的眼睛,性情温顺而好动,煞是可爱。难怪幼儿园的玩具中常有小白兔。“小白兔,白又白,两只耳朵竖起来,爱吃萝卜爱吃菜,蹦蹦跳跳跑得快”是很出名的儿歌。     

优护中运用时辰药理学指导临床口服给药

目的探讨利用人体节律性与时辰药理学的关系指导临床口服给药,以提高临床合理用药水平。方法参考有关文献,结合临床用药实践进行总结,分析和阐述给药时辰的重要性。结果同一药物在不同时段给药,其疗效和毒性不同。结论根据时辰药理学指导临床口服给药,可有效提高药物疗效,减少不良反应的发生,同时也提高了病人的满意度,提高了护理质量,充分体现优质护理服务的优越性。     

植物染色体分带技术训练班简讯

中国植物学会细胞学专业组于今年三月在天津南开大学举办植物染色体分带技术训练班,历时十二天。参加讲课及学习的有来自全国各地同志数十人。对这次学习班普遍反映良好,有几点值得植物生理学会今后开展学术活动借鉴。     

Modernity and ethnic affiliation in Israeli schools: A dependence approach*

In this article, we argue that there is an important, but as yet unidentified, process involved in the maintenance and reconstruction of ethnic identity. We call this process ‘ethnic reorganization’. We argue that this process is useful for understanding the ethnic survival of indigenous peoples in colonized societies, as well as for illuminating the processes of ethnic renascence among both indigenous and immigrant groups. We find it especially useful in accounting for both the persistence and the transformation of American Indian ethnicity in the United States. Ethnic reorganization occurs when an ethnic minority undergoes a reorganization of its social structure, redefinition of ethnic group boundaries, or some other change in response to pressures or demands imposed by the dominant culture. From this viewpoint, ethnic reorganization is a mechanism that facilitates ethnic group survival, albeit in a modified form. We specify several types of ethnic reorganization. These include: social reorganization, economic reorganization, political reorganization, and cultural reorganization. We argue that ethnic reorganization represents a central mechanism of ethnic change. We present evidence of these forms of ethnic reorganization among many different American Indian societies faced with demographic and cultural extinction.     

Internal ethnicity in the ethnic economy

Internal ethnicity refers to ethnic subgroups within an immigrant group. An ‘ethnic economy’ includes the self‐employed and their co‐ethnic workers. Although most research treats the boundaries of ‘ethnic economy’ and its variant, the ‘ethnic enclave economy’, as though they were coterminous with those of national‐origin immigrant groups, this assumption is unreliable. Ethnic boundaries need not coincide with those of nationality origin when internal ethnicity exists. To test this hypothesis, we utilize survey data collected from a sample of Iranians in Los Angeles. Because this national‐origin immigrant group contains four ethno‐religious subgroups (Armenians, Bahais, Jews and Muslims), the Iranians in Los Angeles operated four distinctive ethnic economies, not one. Each ethno‐religious subgroup had its own ethnic economy, and these separate economies were only weakly tied to an encompassing Iranian ethnic economy.     

Do attitudes expressed in surveys predict ethnic discrimination?

Survey data on people’s reported attitudes towards ethnic minorities are sometimes used as a proxy for ethnic discrimination. However, there is weak empirical evidence of a link between reported attitudes and discrimination. In this article, we use survey data on people’s attitudes towards ethnic minorities combined with a direct measure of ethnic discrimination from a field experiment in the Swedish housing market to re-examine this policy-relevant issue. We find clear evidence of a link between reported attitudes towards ethnic minorities and the extent of ethnic discrimination: in regions where attitudes are more negative, there is more discrimination, and vice versa. Thus, in contrast to most prior studies, our results suggest that reported attitudes may be a useful predictor of ethnic discrimination.     

New Poland's old dilemma: The Polish minority of Lithuania

This article seeks to explore the growing problem posed by the Slav/Polish ethnic minority in Lithuania and attempts to place this conflict in the general context of twentieth‐century East European ethnic conflicts. Particular attention is given to explaining the unique historical circumstances that produced this ethnically transitional area between the Byelorus, Polish and Lithuanian societies where throughout their history, the representatives of these ethnic groups as well as a large Jewish community and many other smaller ethnic groups have cohabited together as an intertwined mixture. However, with the spread of the idea of a single ethnic dominated national state, the transitional area in southwestern Lithuania ‐ as well as similar ethnically transitional areas elsewhere in eastern Europe ‐ were destined to be liquidated. Such areas could be liquidated either through some kind of enforceable dispersal of the now ‘undesirable’ ethnic groups from the region or through a state‐driven programme which would impose a new national identity on the ethnic groups involved. With Lithuania being much too weak a society to enforce the dispersal of its Slav minority, and with its élites determined to transform it into a single ethnic dominated national state, the only remaining option was a state policy of ‘Lithuanization’ of the Slav minority. The Slavs’ resistance to such a policy spurred on the growth of ethnic conflict in Lithuania and threatened to spill over into neighbouring countries. This article explores the regional ramifications of this ethnic conflict.     

How thick is blood? The plot thickens . . .: if ethnic actors are primordialists,what remains of the circumstantialist / primordialist controversy?

An investigation of the cognitive models underlying ethnic actors' own ideas concerning the acquisition/transmission of an ethnic status is necessary in order to resolve the outstanding differences between "primordial" and "circumstantial" models of ethnicity. This article presents such data from a multiethnic area in Mongolia that found ethnic actors to be heavily primordialist, and uses these data to stimulate a more cogent model of ethnicity that puts the intuitions of both primordialists and circumstantialists on a more secure foundation. Although many points made by the circumstantialists can be accommodated in this framework, the model argues that ethnic cognition is at core primordialist, and ethnic actors' instrumental considerations - and by implication their behaviours - are conditioned and constrained by this primordialist core. The implications of this model of ethnicity for ethnic processes are examined, and data from other parts of the world are revisited for their relevance to its claims.     

The management of otherness beyond the state: integration policies and inclusive citizenship as a government paradigm in the Basque Country

The ethnic identity of second-generation immigrant youth has important implications for their association with, and integration in, receiving countries. This paper deals with the ethnic identity formation of second-generation Turkish immigrant youth in Germany, with particular attention paid to the notion of reactive ethnicity. While much of the literature discusses the ethnic retention of this specific group as unwillingness to integrate, this paper frames their ethnic identity formation as reactive ethnicity, which emerges in reaction to social exclusion. Utilizing a case study of Turkish students of disadvantaged schools, the article illustrates that reactive ethnicity is strongly linked to perceived discrimination and that it acquires characteristics of resistance when the dominant group denigrates and invalidates the immigrants' culture.     

Becoming Italian,becoming American: ethnic affinity as a strategy of boundary making

Based on the case study of Albanian immigrant incorporation in a Little Italy in the Bronx, this paper develops the concept of ethnic affinity. It argues that boundary-work between ethnic Italians and Albanian immigrants resulted in intergroup relations that coupled Albanian occupational incorporation with the (re)construction of respective group identities as culturally similar – and distinct from Latino and African-American groups in the neighbourhood. Engaging recent literature on ethnic boundary making, I argue that ethnic affinity constitutes a new strategy of boundary reinforcing, in addition to established strategies of boundary crossing, blurring, and shifting (Zolberg and Woon 1999; Wimmer 2008). Developed in the context of shifting ethno-racial neighbourhood makeup, this affinity between ethnic Italians and Albanian immigrants relied on American constructions of shared European whiteness, overturning contemporary divides between Italians and Albanians in Europe. Ethnic affinity provides a conceptual framework that goes beyond notions of ethnic succession, passing, or assimilation.     

Investigating the Relationship between Ethnic Consciousness,Racial Discrimination and Self-Rated Health in New Zealand

In this study, we examine race/ethnic consciousness and its associations with experiences of racial discrimination and health in New Zealand. Racism is an important determinant of health and cause of ethnic inequities. However, conceptualising the mechanisms by which racism impacts on health requires racism to be contextualised within the broader social environment. Race/ethnic consciousness (how often people think about their race or ethnicity) is understood as part of a broader assessment of the ‘racial climate’. Higher race/ethnic consciousness has been demonstrated among non-dominant racial/ethnic groups and linked to adverse health outcomes in a limited number of studies. We analysed data from the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey, a national population-based survey of New Zealand adults, to examine the distribution of ethnic consciousness by ethnicity, and its association with individual experiences of racial discrimination and self-rated health. Findings showed that European respondents were least likely to report thinking about their ethnicity, with people from non-European ethnic groupings all reporting relatively higher ethnic consciousness. Higher ethnic consciousness was associated with an increased likelihood of reporting experience of racial discrimination for all ethnic groupings and was also associated with fair/poor self-rated health after adjusting for age, sex and ethnicity. However, this difference in health was no longer evident after further adjustment for socioeconomic position and individual experience of racial discrimination. Our study suggests different experiences of racialised social environments by ethnicity in New Zealand and that, at an individual level, ethnic consciousness is related to experiences of racial discrimination. However, the relationship with health is less clear and needs further investigation with research to better understand the racialised social relations that create and maintain ethnic inequities in health in attempts to better address the impacts of racism on health.     

Ethnic dominance damages cooperation more than ethnic diversity: results from multi-ethnic field experiments in India

Research in many societies shows that ethnic diversity correlates with a decline in cooperation at the community level. This literature neglects cases in which ethnic heterogeneity is hierarchically structured. Power and status differences between ethnic groups, or ethnic dominance, may play an important role in determining cooperative outcomes. We test this hypothesis using public goods experiments with caste groups in India in which we manipulate the caste composition of experimental groups. Conservative estimates show that ethnic dominance between high and low ranking castes has a much larger negative effect on contributions in the public goods experiment than does caste diversity. We argue that ethnic dominance interactions such as ethnic discrimination constitute a type of antisocial punishment between groups. We also find that conditional cooperation is limited to within ethnic groups, revealing ethnocentric cooperation preferences. These results confirm the importance of group structure in human cooperative patterns, and help bridge the gap between evolutionary theory and cooperation dynamics in multi-ethnic real world settings.     

Strategic ethnic performance and the construction of authenticity in urban Japan

This paper introduces the concept of strategic ethnic performance (SEP), when members of one ethnic group present themselves as members of a phenotypically similar ethnic group for economic gain. I use ethnographic and interview data focused on Sub-Saharan African merchants involved in the Hip Hop fashion boutique business in urban Japan to show how SEP develops from four interconnected areas: the opportunity structure for ethnic entrepreneurs, the physical presentation of sellers, the arrangement of the selling venue, and feedback loops between the seller and the consumer. By utilizing SEP, ethnic entrepreneurs enhance the perceived authenticity of their goods and themselves. A thorough analysis of this process illuminates the interactional nature of ethnic authenticity as it is understood by consumers within urban areas.