罗汉果叶的化学成分研究

为了解罗汉果(Siraitia grosvenorii(Swingle)C.Jeffrey)中的化学成分,利用溶剂萃取和色谱分离手段,从罗汉果叶中分离得到9个化合物。通过光谱分析,分别鉴定为:山奈酚-3,7-O-α-L-二鼠李糖苷(1)、山奈酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(2)、阿魏酸(3)、4′-甲氧基二氢槲皮素(4)、大黄素(5)、芦荟大黄素(6)、槲皮素(7)、山奈酚(8)、山奈酚-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(9),其中化合物3~6为首次从罗汉果叶中分离得到。     

紫叶李树叶中山奈酚的提取工艺研究

该文测定了紫叶李树叶中各黄酮苷元的含量,并对其中山奈酚的提取工艺进行了研究,重点探讨了采用乙醇法提取紫叶李树叶中山奈酚的最佳工艺条件,试验结果表明:紫叶李树叶中各黄酮苷元主要是槲皮素和山奈酚,乙醇提取紫叶李树叶中山奈酚的最佳工艺参数为浸提剂乙醇浓度为70%﹑浸提温度为50℃、料液比为1∶15、浸取时间为1.5 h。紫叶李树叶中山奈酚的浸取率为92.7%,经浸取、浓缩、水解、萃取、结晶工艺后,其紫叶李树叶中山奈酚的总得率为56.6%,山奈酚的纯度为90.6%。     

罗汉果叶中黄酮甙元的研究

以罗汉果叶为原料提取出黄酮,黄酮经水解、溶剂萃取、柱层析等手段,得到高纯度甙元;经TLC、液相色谱、红外光谱、核磁共振法等分析手段进行结构鉴定,证实甙元分别为山奈酚、槲皮素。     

珙桐叶中的黄酮甙成分

从珙桐 (DavidioinvolucrataBaill.)叶甲醇提取物的水溶性部分得到 6个黄酮及配糖体成分。经核磁共振谱、质谱和化学鉴定它们是 :山奈酚 (1 ) ,3 O β D 吡喃葡萄糖基 山奈酚甙 (2 ) ,3 O β D 吡喃半乳糖基 山奈酚甙 (3 ) ,槲皮素 (4 ) ,3 O β D 吡喃阿拉伯糖基 槲皮素甙 (5 ) ,3 O β D 吡喃半乳糖基 槲皮素甙 (6) ;均为已知化合物且是首次从珙桐植物中分离得到。     

中国木贼科植物化学分类学的研究

通过研究,确定山奈酚-3,7-双葡萄糖甙和山奈酚为木贼科的特征性成分; 山奈酚-3- 双葡萄糖甙为木贼属的特征性成分; 槲皮素为问荆属的特征性成分。此外,还分离、鉴定了 山奈酚-3-双葡萄糖-7-葡萄糖甙、异槲皮甙和琥珀酸等化合物。其中,山奈酚-3-双葡萄糖和琥珀酸系首次从中药木贼中分得。     

老鸦瓣叶中黄酮成份的提取及初步鉴定

以老鸦瓣干燥叶为原料,采用超声波提取老鸦瓣干燥叶的总黄酮,紫外分光光度法测定含量。在单因素实验中,分别研究了超声时间、料液比、超声功率、乙醇体积分数等因素对提取率的影响,在单因素实验的基础上进行了正交试验,得出最佳工艺:乙醇体积分数60%、超声时间60 min、料液比1∶30、超声功率80 W,在最佳工艺条件下,老鸦瓣干燥叶的总黄酮为6.28%。并经HPLC对提取的黄酮类物质进行初步鉴定,结果显示,该样品包含儿茶素、芦丁、杨梅素、槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素等黄酮类物质,为老鸦瓣资源的合理化应用提供研究基础与依据。     

芍药黄色花瓣中黄酮醇及其糖苷类化合物组成分析

本研究以3个托桂型芍药品种为研究对象,利用高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测(HPLC-DAD)和高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子化-二级质谱联用技术(HPLC-ESI-MS2)鉴定黄色内瓣中黄酮醇及其糖苷类化合物组成,并对其峰面积进行分析。共鉴定出11种黄酮醇及其糖苷类化合物(槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷、山奈酚-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷、异鼠李素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷-6″-没食子酸酯、槲皮素-3-O-没食子酰葡萄糖苷、山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷-6″-没食子酸酯、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和山奈酚)。其中,10种成分在3个品种中均被检测出,只有槲皮素-3-O-没食子酰葡萄糖苷在‘向阳奇花’中未检测到,除了山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷以外,其他成分的峰面积在3个品种黄色内瓣中的差异性较大。本研究为托桂型芍药品种中黄色内瓣的形成机理提供一定的理论依据和黄酮类物质的进一步开发利用等研究奠定基础。     

小花棘豆化学成分的研究

从有毒植物小花棘豆(Oxytropis glabra DC.)的地上部分分离得到10种化合物,经光谱分析及理化常数测定,分别鉴定为槲皮素(Ⅰ)、山奈酚(Ⅱ)、3′,7-二羟基-2′,4′-二甲氧基-异黄烷(Ⅲ)、山奈-7-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖甙(Ⅳ)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅴ)、山奈酚--O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅵ)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖-7-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅶ)槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅷ)、杨梅树皮甙(Ⅺ)和3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→3)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→6)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸基]-黄豆醇B(Ⅹ)。上述成分均为首次从该植物中分得。化合物Ⅹ为新化合物。     

利用HPLC法测定水稻子粒主要黄酮类化合物

通过建立水稻儿茶素、杨梅素、槲皮素和山奈酚含量的HPLC测定方法,研究水稻黄酮类化合物含量及组成差异,为高黄酮水稻种质资源的定向改良提供理论依据.本研究建立了利用HPLC法测定水稻黄酮类化合物含量的测定方法;水稻糙米的黄酮化合物组成主要以儿茶素和山奈酚的形式存在,不含杨梅素和槲皮素,不同品种儿茶素和山奈酚组成比例及含量存在差异;粳稻含有更丰富的儿茶素,有色稻山奈酚和儿茶素含量大于无色稻;糙米中含有较高的黄酮类化合物,而精米中不含或少含黄酮类化合物.     

紫叶李叶黄酮提取工艺的响应面优化及最佳采收月份的确定

使用高效液相色谱仪测定不同条件下超声辅助提取紫叶李叶中矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷花青素、芦丁、槲皮素、山奈酚4种黄酮类物质的得率,并根据4种物质的活性,建立紫叶李叶中黄酮类物质得率权重计算公式。在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化紫叶李叶黄酮类物质提取工艺。应用最佳提取工艺处理不同月份紫叶李叶,并根据4种成分权重计算黄酮类物质得率,确定最佳采收月份。结果表明,紫叶李叶黄酮类物质最佳提取工艺为乙醇体积分数63.93%、液料比25∶1(mL/g)、提取温度44.08℃、提取时间41.62 min;最佳采收月份为8月份。此结果重复性好,可信度高,其中矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷花青素得率随时间变化最明显,且与日照条件显著相关,该试验对后期相关具体成分的提取具有借鉴意义。     

元宝枫叶黄酮类化合物分离与鉴定

用聚酰胺和SephadexLH20柱层析方法对元宝枫叶化学成分进行研究。分离纯化得到一种黄酮类化合物,根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定化学结构为3,5,7,3′,4′五羟基黄酮,即槲皮素。这种化合物是首次从元宝枫叶中获得。     

Purification and identification of flavonoids from the yellow green cocoon shell (Sasamayu) of the silkworm,Bombyx mori

Three quercetin glycosides, quercetin 5-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside, and quercetin 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside, and two kaempferol glycosides, kaempferol 5-O-beta-D-glucoside and kaempferol 7-O-beta-D-glucoside, along with their aglycones, quercetin and kaempferol, were isolated from an ethanolic extract of Sasamayu cocoon shells. The chemical structures were characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods including UV spectrometry and HPLC-ESI-MS. The five flavonol glycosides of the shell are different structurally from those of the leaves of mulberry (Morus alba). It was suggested that potent antioxidative activity in the cocoon is mainly due to flavonoid compounds since free radical scavenging activity was found in the cocoon flavonoids identified here.     

Purification and Identification of Flavonoids from the Yellow Green Cocoon Shell (Sasamayu) of the Silkworm,Bombyx mori

Three quercetin glycosides, quercetin 5-O-β-D-glucoside, quercetin 7-O-β-D-glucoside, and quercetin 4′-O-β-D-glucoside, and two kaempferol glycosides, kaempferol 5-O-β-D-glucoside and kaempferol 7-O-β-D-glucoside, along with their aglycones, quercetin and kaempferol, were isolated from an ethanolic extract of Sasamayu cocoon shells. The chemical structures were characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods including UV spectrometry and HPLC-ESI-MS. The five flavonol glycosides of the shell are different structurally from those of the leaves of mulberry (Morus alba). It was suggested that potent antioxidative activity in the cocoon is mainly due to flavonoid compounds since free radical scavenging activity was found in the cocoon flavonoids identified here.     

Flavonol and drimane-type sesquiterpene glycosides of Warburgia stuhlmannii leaves

An investigation of methanolic extract of Warburgia stuhlmannii leaves has led to the isolation of two new drimane-type sesquiterpene glycosides characterized as mukaadial 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, mukaadial 6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside together with two other novel flavonol glycosides identified as 3',5'-O-dimethylmyricetin 3-O-beta-D-2",3"-diacetylglucopyranoside and 3'-O-methylquercetin 3-O-beta-D-2",3",4"-triacetylglucopyranoside. The known compounds; mukaadial, deacetylugandensolide, quercetin, kaempferol, kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, myricetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-sophoroside and isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside were also isolated from the same extract.     

Coumaroyl flavonol glycosides from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba.

Two coumaroyl flavonol glycosides, isorhamnetin 3-O-alpha-L-[6"'-p-coumaroyl-(beta-D)-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-rhamnopyranoside], and kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-[6"'-p-coumaroyl-(beta-D)-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-rhamnopyranoside]-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, were isolated from the n-BuOH extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves. These two, together with six other flavonol glycosides, kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-[6"'-p-coumaroyl-(beta-D)-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-rhamnopyranoside], quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-[6"'-p-coumaroyl-(beta-D)-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-rhamnopyranoside], quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-[6"'-p-coumaroyl-(beta-D)-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-rhamnopyranoside]-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-rutinoside, and quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, showed profound antioxidant activities in DPPH and cytochrome-c reduction assays using the HL-60 cell culture system.     

The isolation of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose from Acer truncatum Bunge by high-speed counter-current chromatography

High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully used for the isolation and purification of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose from the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of Acer truncatum Bunge using a two-phase system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water at a volume ratio of (0.25:5:1:5, v/v/v/v) for the first time. Each injection of 80 mg crude extract yielded 7.25 mg of pure 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses of the CCC fraction revealed that the purity of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D- glucose was over 95%.     

甘肃棘豆草中苦马豆素的提取分离工艺比较研究

以甘肃棘豆草为试验材料,通过工业酒精热回流提取、水提取和酸水提取3种工艺提取其中的总生物碱,总生物碱经硅胶柱层析分离后减压升华得到,并比较了3种工艺对甘肃棘豆中总生物碱得率和苦马豆素得率的差异。结果表明,3种工艺总生物碱平均得率和苦马豆素平均得率依次分别为7.91、6.79、6.22 mg/g和18.61、12.22、6.23μg/g,由此确定工业酒精热回流为提取苦马豆素的最佳提取分离工艺。     

Densitometric Quantification and Optimization of Polyphenols in Phyllanthus maderaspatensis by HPTLC

Quantifying and optimizing the polyphenol content of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis was accomplished using a single-solvent HPTLC system. Analyzing hydroalcoholic extracts for kaempferol, rutin, ellagic acid, quercetin, catechin, and gallic acid, we simultaneously quantified and optimized their concentration. In the experiment, the methanol to water ratio (%), temperature (°C), and time of extraction (min) were all optimized using a Box-Behnken statistical design. Kaempferol, rutin, ellagic acid, quercetin, catechin, and gallic acid were among the dependent variables analyzed. In the HPTLC separation, silica gel 60F254 plates were used, and toluene, ethyl acetate, and formic acid (5:4:1) made up the mobile phase. For kaempferol, rutin, ellagic acid, quercetin, catechin, and gallic acid, densitometric measurements were carried out using the absorbance mode at 254 nm. Hydroalcoholic extract of P. maderaspatensis contains rutin (0.344), catechin (2.62), gallic acid (0.93), ellagic acid (0.172), quercetin (0.0108) and kaempferol (0.06). Further, it may be affected by more than one factor at a time, resulting in a varying degree of reaction. A negative correlation was found between X1 (extraction time (min)) and X2 (temperature), as well as X1 and X3 (solvent ratios). Taking these characteristics into consideration, the method outlined here is a validated HPTLC method for measuring kaempferol, rutin, ellagic acid, quercetin, catechin, and gallic acid.     

Characterisation of the phenolic profile of Boerhaavia diffusa L. by HPLC-PAD-MS/MS as a tool for quality control

Phenolic acids and flavonols of nine leaf and three root samples of Boerhaavia diffusa L., collected at different locations and subjected to several drying procedures, were characterised by reversed-phase HPLC-PAD-ESI/MS for the first time. Ten phenolic compounds were identified: 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxycinnamoyl-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnosyl(1-->6)galactoside (quercetin 3-O-robinobioside), quercetin 3-O-(2"-rhamnosyl)-robinobioside, kaempferol 3-O-(2"-rhamnosyl)-robinobioside, 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone 3-O-galactosyl(1-->2)glucoside [eupalitin 3-O-galactosyl(1-->2)glucoside], caffeoyltartaric acid, kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside, eupalitin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin and kaempferol. Quantification was achieved by HPLC-PAD and two phenolic patterns were found for the leaves, in which quercetin 3-O-robinobioside or quercetin 3-O-(2"-rhamnosyl)-robinobioside was the major compound. Caffeoyltartaric acid was only present in the root material where it represented the main phenolic constituent. The results obtained demonstrated that the geographical origin (particularly the nature of the soil), but not the drying process, influences the phenolic composition.