人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)31型中和单克隆抗体的制备及性质鉴定

目的:构建获得HPV31构象依赖的中和单抗。方法:采用昆虫细胞表达的HPV31 L1VLP(virus-like particle, VLP)免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,收集杂交瘤细胞培养上清,首先采用HPV31 VLP-ELISA及HPV31假病毒中和实验筛选分泌HPV31中和单抗的杂交瘤细胞株,然后纯化单克隆抗体,分别采用假病毒中和实验及ELISA实验对纯化后单克隆抗体进行鉴定,包括抗体的亚型及其结合表位的构象特征、针对HPV31的中和IC50及针对HPV16、HPV18、HPV33、HPV45、HPV52、HPV58、HPV6、HPV11的交叉中和活性。结果:筛选获得9株HPV31构象依赖中和单抗,其中3株HPV31特异性中和单抗中有2株的IC5010 ng/mL,分别是XM31-13(0.36,Ig G1)及XM31-23(7.10,Ig G1),6株交叉中和单抗中亦有2株的IC5010ng/mL,分别是XM31-19(7.14,Ig G1)、XM31-20(6.91,Ig G1)。结论:获得的9株HPV31构象依赖的中和单抗,特别是其中4株单抗IC50值10 ng/mL的4株单抗,可用于含HPV31L1VLP多价疫苗的质控疫苗的研究。     

HPV 58 L1改造基因的表达及其VLP产物抗血清制备

高危型人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus, HPV）慢性持续性感染是诱发宫颈癌的主要病因．体外表达的HPV主要衣壳蛋白（L1）可自组装成病毒样颗粒（virus-like particle, VLP）,免疫后可诱导产生型别特异性中和抗体,有效保护机体免受同型病毒的感染,因此可望预防病毒感染及感染相关的宫颈癌等病变．HPV 58是诱发我国妇女宫颈癌的主要高危型病毒之一,目前尚无针对HPV 58的疫苗问世．本研究联合采用多种策略对HPV 58 L1野生型基因进行改造,获得HPV 58 L1改造基因,命名为HPV 58mL1,用杆状病毒 昆虫细胞表达系统进行HPV 58 mL1的表达,CsCl密度梯度离心法纯化获得HPV 58 mL1重组蛋白,电镜分析结果显示,重组蛋白形成直径约55 nm的VLP．皮下免疫新西兰兔和豚鼠,ELISA检测显示,免疫动物产生高滴度针对HPV 58 mL1 VLP的抗血清,免疫斑点印迹检测显示,抗血清是针对VLP表面表位的．本研究表达了均一性好的HPV 58 mL1 VLP,并获得两个种属的HPV 58 mL1 VLP抗血清,为进一步研究有效预防HPV 58感染的疫苗打下基础．     

原核表达系统制备HPV58L1 VLP可诱发高滴度且持久的中和抗体

目的:采用大肠杆菌表达系统制备人乳头瘤病毒58型(human papillomavirus type 58,HPV58)病毒样颗粒(virus-like particle,VLP)疫苗。方法:合成法获得HPV58 L1大肠杆菌密码子优化基因,构建HPV58 L1重组原核表达质粒mpET22b/HPV58 L1,检测其在BL21(DE3)中表达水平,饱和硫酸铵沉淀加阳离子交换层析法纯化蛋白后进行动态光散射(dynamic light scatter,DLS)分析。小鼠免疫后,检测免疫血清针对HPV58假病毒的中和抗体水平。结果:HPV58 L1蛋白在BL21(DE3)细胞中大部分以可溶形式表达,纯化获得的HPV58 L1蛋白可组装成水动力学直径约为74 nm的VLP。0.5μg的HPV58 L1 VLP可诱发小鼠产生高滴度的HPV58特异性中和抗体,可维持至少20周。结论:原核表达系统制备的HPV58 L1 VLP可诱发高滴度且持久的中和抗体,可用于成本低的HPV58疫苗的研究。     

一种可诱发高滴度的针对人乳头瘤病毒HPV16,HPV52,HPV58中和抗体反应的HPV16嵌合病毒样颗粒疫苗的研究

人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)主要衣壳蛋白L1病毒样颗粒(VLP)主要诱发型别特异性中和抗体,增加L1VLP型别虽可扩大保护范围,但疫苗生产成本显著增加。HPV16,HPV52及HPV58是我国的主要高危型别。本文将HPV58次要衣壳蛋白L2aa.16～37多肽(与HPV52L2aa.16～37序列相同)插入HPV16L1的h4-βJ coil区,利用昆虫表达体系构建获得16L1h4-58dEVLP,协同人用佐剂氢氧化铝和单磷酰脂质A(Alum-MPL)免疫小鼠。活性检测结果显示16L1h4-58dE VLP免疫血清可中和17种HPV假病毒中的16种,其中针对HPV16的平均中和抗体滴度最高(滴度,76 800),与HPV16L1VLP对照组的相当(P0.05);重要的是,针对HPV58及HPV52的平均中和抗体滴度均大于10~3(分别为4 050和1 725);另外,还可中等滴度中和HPV45(550),HPV18(506),HPV33(500),HPV39(463),HPV68(431),HPV6(300),HPV57(150),HPV11(125)及较低滴度的中和HPV2/HPV27(40),HPV35(38),HPV5(25),HPV31(13),但对HPV59没有中和活性。因此,以本研究构建16L1h4-58dE VLP进行广谱HPV疫苗的研究,可望降低疫苗成本,具有应用前景。     

抗发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒结构蛋白单克隆抗体的制备和功能分析

为制备抗发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒(Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus,SFTSV)结构蛋白的单克隆抗体,本研究用灭活纯化的SFTSV病毒颗粒免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用杂交瘤技术获得分别分泌抗糖蛋白单抗和核蛋白单抗的杂交瘤细胞株。用免疫荧光法和免疫沉淀方法对制备的单克隆抗体的抗原特异性进行鉴定,并初步进行单抗效价、中和活性及亲和力等功能分析。结果显示,通过细胞融合和克隆化,共筛选出13株稳定分泌抗糖蛋白(Glycoprotein,GP)单抗和7株稳定分泌抗核蛋白(Nucleoprotein,NP)单抗的杂交瘤细胞株。免疫荧光和免疫沉淀鉴定显示获得的单抗有良好的抗原特异性。抗GP单抗中6株针对Gn,7株针对Gc,大部分的间接免疫荧光(Indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA)滴度在1 280~20 480之间,其中4株抗Gn单抗具有中和活性。获得的7株抗NP单抗均与NP特异性结合,IFA滴度范围在5 120~20 480,均无中和活性。此外,经非竞争ELISA检测的两株抗GP单抗(1C8和1G8)均有较高亲和力。本研究为SFTS诊断方法的发展及SFTSV致病机制研究奠定了基础。     

利用重组HPV16L1抗原检测宫颈癌抗L1或VLP抗体的对比

为了评价重组大肠杆菌表达的HPV16L1蛋白和重组腺病毒表达的HPV16L1 VLP两种抗原在检测宫颈癌抗 16L1或VLP抗体及在宫颈癌血清学诊断意义上的差别 ,应用PCR技术从宫颈癌组织的DNA中扩增出全长15 35bp的HPV16L1基因片段 ,克隆至 pUC18 T载体中 ,进行DNA测序鉴定。然后 ,将HPV16L1基因克隆至pGEX 2T表达载体中 ,并诱导表达HPV16L1融合蛋白 ,分子量为 83kD ,能被HPV16L1单克隆抗体所识别。经GST柱层析法纯化后 ,与重组腺病毒表达的HPV16L1 VLP分别经酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA)法检测 12份宫颈癌患者和 35份献血员血清。 12例宫颈癌血清标本中 ,抗HPV16L1蛋白的抗体阳性率为 7例 (占 5 8.3% ) ;抗HPV16L1 VLP的抗体阳性率为 8例 (占 6 6 .7% )。经大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原HPV16L1检测为HPV16抗体IgG( )的 7份患者血清 ,利用HPV16L1 VLP试剂盒检测均阳性 ;经大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原检测为HPV16抗体IgG( )的 5份患者血清 ,利用HPV16L1 VLP试剂盒检测有 1份阳性。两者对HPV16抗体的阳性检出率并无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。本实验结果说明HPV16与宫颈癌高度相关 ,利用大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原HPV16L1和HPV16L1 VLP重组抗原检测抗体的敏感性并不受影响。利用重组抗原HPV16L1对宫颈癌的抗体进行定性、定量分析有助于该疾病     

重组人乳头瘤病毒6型病毒样颗粒诱导中和抗体

为研究重组病毒样颗粒（virus-like particle,VLP)免疫血清的抗感染作用,用重组杆状病毒在昆虫细胞中表达制备的人乳头瘤病毒6型（human papillomavirus type 6,HPV-6)L1 VLP的HPV－6L1＋L2 VLP免疫BALB／c小鼠,获得抗血清,ELISA法测定抗体滴度,在细胞水平和裸鼠异源组织移植模型中评价了免疫血清的中和病毒抗感染作用。VLP诱导了高滴度（＞1：10000）的血清抗体,抗血清可以特异地阻断人胚上皮细胞对VLP的摄入,并且能抑制从尖锐湿疣活检标本提取的HPV对人上皮细胞的感染。重组HPV－6VLP免疫小鼠诱导的血清抗体具有中和病毒、抑制感染的作用。提示重组VLP可以用于研制HVP预防性疫苗。     

人乳头瘤病毒16型假病毒中和实验的建立和初步应用

探讨了应用多质粒磷酸钙共转染方法在293FT细胞中生产HPV16(human papillomavirus type 16)假病毒。蛋白印迹检测显示在转染后细胞的裂解上清中具有很好的L1蛋白活性,通过透射电镜可观察到形态与天然病毒粒子相似的假病毒颗粒。对293FT细胞的感染实验显示,该假病毒可有效将EGFP报告质粒导入靶细胞中进行表达,经测定其滴度约为2×107TU/mL。通过与4株HPV16对照单抗的中和实验证明该假病毒可有效应用于中和实验。应用该方法从18株抗HPV16L1的单克隆抗体中鉴定获得了2株中和单抗3D10、PD1。所建立的HPV16假病毒生产和中和实验方法具有快速高效、低成本和易于检测的优点,适于进行较大规模应用,为快速准确鉴定HPV16中和单抗和候选疫苗的免疫保护效果提供了有效手段。     

A型肉毒毒素单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

目的:制备并鉴定抗A型肉毒毒素重链C端(BoNT/AHc)鼠源单抗。方法:以BoNT/AHc蛋白为抗原免疫小鼠,利用杂交瘤技术获得鼠源单抗,通过抗体分型、SDS-PAGE、Western印迹及ELISA法分析鉴定。结果:筛选得到3株鼠单抗1B1、1B2、1C6,重链类型均为IgG1,轻链类型均为κ型;3株纯化抗体的纯度达90%以上,均能与抗原BoNT/AHc特异性结合,亲和力常数分别为1.43×10~8、2.31×10~8、1.44×10~9L/mol;叠加ELISA结果显示3株抗体与抗原BoNT/AHc结合位点相同或相近。结论:筛选得到3株能与BoNT/AHc特异性结合的鼠源单抗,为A型肉毒毒素中和抗体的研发,以及快速有效的肉毒毒素检测方法的建立奠定了基础。     

hGH单克隆抗体的筛选及双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

采用杂交瘤法制备单克隆抗体,并用辛酸-硫酸铵法纯化单抗,通过ELISA方法和Western blotting测定抗体的效价与特异性,并进行抗体类型、相对亲和力测定;应用纯化的单抗建立hGH双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法。筛选出两株可以稳定分泌抗hGH单抗的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为3E11、2G9,抗体类型均为IgG1,抗体滴度均可达10-10,特异性好,相对亲和力高,以筛选到的两株单抗建立的双抗夹心ELISA法线性范围为0.09～1.5625ng/mL,R2>0.9,灵敏度为0.09ng/mL。筛选出高效抗hGH的单抗,并建立了hGH双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法。     

A pan-HPV vaccine based on bacteriophage PP7 VLPs displaying broadly cross-neutralizing epitopes from the HPV minor capsid protein, L2

Background

Current human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines that are based on virus-like particles (VLPs) of the major capsid protein L1 largely elicit HPV type-specific antibody responses. In contrast, immunization with the HPV minor capsid protein L2 elicits antibodies that are broadly cross-neutralizing, suggesting that a vaccine targeting L2 could provide more comprehensive protection against infection by diverse HPV types. However, L2-based immunogens typically elicit much lower neutralizing antibody titers than L1 VLPs. We previously showed that a conserved broadly neutralizing epitope near the N-terminus of L2 is highly immunogenic when displayed on the surface of VLPs derived from the bacteriophage PP7. Here, we report the development of a panel of PP7 VLP-based vaccines targeting L2 that protect mice from infection with carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic HPV types that infect the genital tract and skin.

Methodology/Principal Findings

L2 peptides from eight different HPV types were displayed on the surface of PP7 bacteriophage VLPs. These recombinant L2 VLPs, both individually and in combination, elicited high-titer anti-L2 IgG serum antibodies. Immunized mice were protected from high dose infection with HPV pseudovirus (PsV) encapsidating a luciferase reporter. Mice immunized with 16L2 PP7 VLPs or 18L2 PP7 VLPs were nearly completely protected from both PsV16 and PsV18 challenge. Mice immunized with the mixture of eight L2 VLPs were strongly protected from genital challenge with PsVs representing eight diverse HPV types and cutaneous challenge with HPV5 PsV.

Conclusion/Significance

VLP-display of a cross-neutralizing HPV L2 epitope is an effective approach for inducing high-titer protective neutralizing antibodies and is capable of offering protection from a spectrum of HPVs associated with cervical cancer as well as genital and cutaneous warts.     

Preclinical model to test human papillomavirus virus (HPV) capsid vaccines in vivo using infectious HPV/cottontail rabbit papillomavirus chimeric papillomavirus particles

A human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine consisting of virus-like particles (VLPs) was recently approved for human use. It is generally assumed that VLP vaccines protect by inducing type-specific neutralizing antibodies. Preclinical animal models cannot be used to test for protection against HPV infections due to species restriction. We developed a model using chimeric HPV capsid/cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) genome particles to permit the direct testing of HPV VLP vaccines in rabbits. Animals vaccinated with CRPV, HPV type 16 (HPV-16), or HPV-11 VLPs were challenged with both homologous (CRPV capsid) and chimeric (HPV-16 capsid) particles. Strong type-specific protection was observed, demonstrating the potential application of this approach.     

Identification of human papillomavirus type 16 L1 surface loops required for neutralization by human sera

The variable surface loops on human papillomavirus (HPV) virions required for type-specific neutralization by human sera remain poorly defined. To determine which loops are required for neutralization, a series of hybrid virus-like particles (VLPs) were used to adsorb neutralizing activity from HPV type 16 (HPV16)-reactive human sera before being tested in an HPV16 pseudovirion neutralization assay. The hybrid VLPs used were composed of L1 sequences of either HPV16 or HPV31, on which one or two regions were replaced with homologous sequences from the other type. The regions chosen for substitution were the five known loops that form surface epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies and two additional variable regions between residues 400 and 450. Pretreatment of human sera, previously found to react to HPV16 VLPs in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, with wild-type HPV16 VLPs and hybrid VLPs that retained the neutralizing epitopes reduced or eliminated the ability of sera to inhibit pseudovirus infection in vitro. Surprisingly, substitution of a single loop often ablated the ability of VLPs to adsorb neutralizing antibodies from human sera. However, for all sera tested, multiple surface loops were found to be important for neutralizing activity. Three regions, defined by loops DE, FG, and HI, were most frequently identified as being essential for binding by neutralizing antibodies. These observations are consistent with the existence of multiple neutralizing epitopes on the HPV virion surface.     

A Vaccine of L2 Epitope Repeats Fused with a Modified IgG1 Fc Induced Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies and Protective Immunity against Divergent Human Papillomavirus Types

Current human papillomavirus (HPV) major capsid protein L1 virus-like particles (VLPs)-based vaccines in clinic induce strong HPV type-specific neutralizing antibody responses. To develop pan-HPV vaccines, here, we show that the fusion protein E3R4 consisting of three repeats of HPV16 L2 aa 17–36 epitope (E3) and a modified human IgG1 Fc scaffold (R4) induces cross-neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity against divergent HPV types. E3R4 was expressed as a secreted protein in baculovirus expression system and could be simply purified by one step Protein A affinity chromatography with the purity above 90%. Vaccination of E3R4 formulated with Freunds adjuvant not only induced cross-neutralizing antibodies against HPV pseudovirus types 16, 18, 45, 52, 58, 6, 11 and 5 in mice, but also protected mice against vaginal challenges with HPV pseudovirus types 16, 45, 52, 58, 11 and 5 for at least eleven months after the first immunization. Moreover, vaccination of E3R4 formulated with FDA approved adjuvant alum plus monophosphoryl lipid A also induced cross-neutralizing antibodies against HPV types 16, 18 and 6 in rabbits. Thus, our results demonstrate that delivery of L2 antigen as a modified Fc-fusion protein may facilitate pan-HPV vaccine development.     

VLPs Displaying a Single L2 Epitope Induce Broadly Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies against Human Papillomavirus

Background

Virus-like Particles (VLPs) display can be used to increase the immunogenicity of heterologous antigens. Here, we report the use of a bacteriophage MS2-based VLP display platform to develop a monovalent vaccine targeting a broadly neutralizing epitope in the minor capsid protein human papillomavirus (HPV) that provides broad protection from diverse HPV types in a mouse pseudovirus infection model.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Peptides spanning a previously described cross-neutralizing epitope from HPV type 16 were genetically inserted at the N-terminus of MS2 bacteriophage coat protein. Three of the four recombinant L2-coat proteins assembled into VLPs. L2-VLPs elicited high-titer anti-L2 antibodies in mice, similar to recombinant VLPs that we had previously made in which the L2 peptide was displayed on a surface-exposed loop on VLPs of a related bacteriophage, PP7. Somewhat surprisingly, L2-MS2 VLPs elicited antibodies that were much more broadly cross-reactive with L2 peptides from diverse HPV isolates than L2-PP7 VLPs. Similarly, mice immunized with L2-MS2 VLPs were protected from genital and cutaneous infection by highly diverse HPV pseudovirus types.

Conclusion/Significance

We show that peptides can be displayed in a highly immunogenic fashion at the N-terminus of MS2 coat protein VLPs. A VLP-based vaccine targeting HPV L2 elicits broadly cross-reactive and cross-protective antibodies to heterologous HPV types. L2-VLPs could serve as the basis of a broadly protective second generation HPV vaccine.     

大肠杆菌来源的人乳头瘤病毒11型病毒样颗粒的制备及其免疫原性

摘要：【目的】 利用大肠杆菌表达系统制备人乳头瘤病毒11型病毒样颗粒（HPV11 VLPs）,并对其免疫原性和所诱导中和抗体的型交叉反应性进行研究。 【方法】 在大肠杆菌ER2566中非融合表达HPV11-L1蛋白,并通过离子交换层析,疏水相互作用层析其进行纯化。纯化后的HPV11-L1经体外组装形成病毒样颗粒,通过动态光散射,透射电镜检测其形态,并通过多种HPV型别假病毒中和实验评价HPV11 VLPs的免疫原性及型交叉反应性。 【结果】 HPV11-L1蛋白在大肠杆菌中可以以可溶形式表达。经过硫酸铵沉     

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)58型DNA疫苗免疫原性的初步分析

为了检测HPV 58型不同L1基因的DNA疫苗的免疫原性,以pcDNA3.1为载体分别构建含HFV 58型不同L1基因的DNA疫苗,命名为L1h、L1h△c、L1S、L1SM和L1wt.用免疫印迹法检测各DNA疫苗的体外表达情况;各重组质粒与pcDNA3.1-h58L2和pcDNA3.1-GFP共转染293FT细胞,检测其形成假病毒的能力;并将各DNA疫苗肌肉注射免疫小鼠,利用假病毒中和实验检测中和抗体水平,用ELISPOT检测细胞免疫情况.结果显示,本实验成功构建了五种DNA疫苗,L1h△c的体外表达量最高,L1S和L1SM的表达量次之,L1wt没有表达;重组质粒L1S能够形成假病毒,而其他四种重组质粒均不能形成假病毒.L1S和L1h均可在小鼠体内诱导中和抗体,但L1S诱导的中和抗体的平均滴度为1:6 400,明显高于L1h诱导的中和抗体水平(平均滴度为1:48),而其他疫苗在小鼠体内未产生中和抗体.对五种疫苗均未检测出特异性的细胞免疫反应.结果提示,体外能够组装成假病毒的DNA疫苗在免疫动物后可诱导高滴度的中和抗体,为今后DNA疫苗的筛选提供参考.