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1.
Yoav Waisel 《Plant and Soil》1960,13(4):356-364
Summary Young saplings ofTamarix aphylla were investigated for their growth intensity under saline irrigation, as well as for the lethal limits of salinity they can tolerate. The saplings were found to be quite sensitive to the addition of NaCl to the irrigation solutions and died when the concentration of the solutions was raised to about 0.7.M NaCl. Growth was depressed even by irrigation with a 0.1M NaCl solution, and no increase in the plant weight was obtained under irrigation with a 0.3M NaCl solution. It, thus, appears thatT. aphylla is not suitable for afforestation of saline habitats.Some aspects of the salt excretion ofT. aphylla were investigated. Sodium and chlorine were found to be excreted most readily and exhibit an optimum type of curve, when the excretion is plotted against the concentration of the irrigation solution. Interrelations between the various ions in the irrigation solutions and the amounts of salts excreted, were found to take place and to parallel the behaviour of these ions in their uptake by the roots.
T. aphylla seems to be able to reflect the soil's salinity and the composition of its salts, by the excreted salt crystals. 相似文献
2.
Young branches and leaves of Tamarix aphylla L. have many epidermalsalt glands, and each salt gland originates from a single protodermalcell which divides anticlinally to give rise to two equally-sizeddaughter cells. The latter further undergo two successive asynchronous,asymmetrical divisions resulting in the formation of six, denselycytoplasmic, secretory cells. In the next developmental stage,two inner, vacuolated parenchyma cells adjacent and adherentto the inner secretory cells progressively transform to whathave been termed in the literature the collecting cells of theglands. Thus, it appears at maturity that the glands consistof eight cells, and all eight cells may be directly involvedin the secretory process Tamarix aphylla L., alt gland, development 相似文献
3.
Udit Sharma Vinod Kataria N. S. Shekhawat 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2018,24(1):167-174
Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst., a drought resistant halophyte tree, is an agroforestry species which can be used for reclamation of waterlogged saline and marginal lands. Due to very low seed viability and unsuitable conditions for seed germination, the tree is becoming rare in Indian Thar desert. Present study concerns the evaluation of aeroponics technique for vegetative propagation of T. aphylla. Effect of various exogenous auxins (indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, naphthalene acetic acid) at different concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0 mg l?1) was examined for induction of adventitious rooting and other morphological features. Among all three auxins tested individually, maximum rooting response (79%) was observed with IBA 2.0 mg l?1. However, stem cuttings treated with a combination of auxins (2.0 mg l?1 IBA and 1.0 mg l?1 IAA) for 15 min resulted in 87% of rooting response. Among three types of stem cuttings (apical shoot, newly sprouted cuttings, mature stem cuttings), maximum rooting (~ 90%) was observed on mature stem cuttings. Number of roots and root length were significantly higher in aeroponically rooted stem cuttings as compared to stem cuttings rooted in soil conditions. Successfully rooted and sprouted plants were transferred to polybags with 95% survival rate. This is the first report on aeroponic culture of Tamarix aphylla which can be utilized in agroforestry practices, marginal land reclamation and physiological studies. 相似文献
4.
Evaluation of Antioxidant,Anticholinesterase, and Antidiabetic Potential of Dry Leaves and Stems in Tamarix aphylla Growing Wild in Tunisia
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Adel Mahfoudhi Clara Grosso Rui F. Gonçalves Eltaief Khelifi Saoussen Hammami Sami Achour Malika Trabelsi‐Ayadi Patrícia Valentão Paula B. Andrade Zine Mighri 《化学与生物多样性》2016,13(12):1747-1755
Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst . has a wide geographic distribution and was employed in traditional medicine as astringent, anti‐rheumatic and to treat fever. T. aphylla leaves and stems extracts were studied from both chemical and biological points of view to assess the antidiabetic, anticholinesterase and antioxidant potential of this species. The HPLC/Diode Array Detector (DAD) analysis showed the presence of 14 phenolic compounds (gallic, caffeic, p‐coumaric, ferulic and ellagic acids, kaempferol, quercetin, quercetin 3‐O‐galactoside and six flavonol derivatives). This is the first study reporting a comparative study of the biological activities of different extracts from T. aphylla. High activities were obtained against DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical () and nitric oxide radical (?NO) in a concentration‐dependent manner, the most active extracts being the polar ones. T. aphylla also showed moderate protective effects against acetylcholinesterase, but no effects were observed against butyrylcholinesterase. Against α‐glucosidase the MeOH extracts displayed IC50 values from 8.41 to 24.81 μg/ml. 相似文献
5.
Tamarix aphylla is an evergreen tree that has invaded the drawdown zone of Lake Mead, a large reservoir on the Lower Colorado River. We performed
competition experiments between T. aphylla and T. ramosissima, and between T. aphylla and the native tree Salix gooddingii. Root:shoot ratios and biomass were higher in S. gooddingii than both Tamarix species, and T. ramosissima grew taller than T. aphylla and S. gooddingii when treatments with single plants and no competition were compared. Tamarix aphylla outcompeted the native S. gooddingii, but had competitive abilities that were slightly inferior to T. ramosissima. The competitive abilities of T. aphylla may and help explain why this species is not as widespread as its congeners, although because of T. aphylla's larger size, the species may be as serious a threat to native riparian ecosystems as T. ramosissima. These results indicate that management actions should be taken to ensure that T. aphylla does not further invade riparian ecosystems in the southwestern United States. 相似文献
6.
William W. Thomson John K. Raison James M. Lyons 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》1972,3(6):531-538
Configurational changes in the mitochondrial membranes of the salt gland ofTamarix aphylla, which are dependent on the biochemical state of the mitochondria, are demonstrated. In the energized state the cristae expand and become closely associated. There is also an increase in the density of the matrix and a formation of strands of material in the matrix and between the closely associated cristae membranes. The energized condition can be discharged by incubation in a medium containing 2,4-dinitrophenol and the mitochondria are comparable to those observed in glands fixed by typical methods for electron microscopy.These studies were supported in part by Grant GB-8199 (W.W.T.) from the National Science Foundation. 相似文献
7.
Wade L. Berry 《American journal of botany》1970,57(10):1226-1230
The composition and concentration of salts secreted by the salt glands of Tamarix aphylla L. grown under controlled nutrient conditions were determined. Eight ions, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, NO3, HCO3, and SO4, constituted 99 % + of the dry weight of salts secreted by plants grown on half-strength Hoagland's solution. The divalent cations Mg and Ca accounted for most of the cations; HCO3 comprised about 60 % of the anions. The micronutrients B, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo were present in enriched concentrations in the secretion. The composition of the secretions was highly dependent on the composition of the root environment. The predominating cation in the saline culture solutions was also the predominant cation secreted. The accompanying anion in the culture solution influences the cation composition of the secreted salt. The concentration of the salt gland secretion averaged 0.5n , a 50-fold increase in concentration over the nutrient solution in which the plants were grown. 相似文献
8.
An X-ray Microanalysis Study of the Salt Glands and Intracellular Calcium Crystals of Tamarix 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
X-ray microprobe analyses of the secreted salts from glandsof 20 Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst trees growing in alluvial soilsin the north western district of Victoria, Australia, show thatthe glands secrete a variety of elements including calcium,magnesium and sulphur. However, sodium, potassium and chloride,common ions reported to be secreted predominantly in other studies,are present in relatively low amounts in the secreted salts.Calcium, the major cationic element in the secretory productof the gland, was not detected in the symplasm of the secretoryand collecting cells or in the vacuoles of the collecting cells.Some evidence indicates that silicon may be secreted by theglands but further corroboratory data are required. Our resultssupport previous suggestions that the glands of Tamarix havea low level of selectivity. Large, spherical aggregates of calcium crystals were observedin the vacuoles of the mesophyll cells and quantitative X-raymicroanalysis suggested that the chemical composition of thecrystalline aggregates was CaSO4, 2H2O. The predominant elementsin the vacuolar sap were magnesium and sulphur, probably presentas MgSO4, whereas the major elements in the cytoplasm were potassium,sulphur and phosphorus. In Tamarix aphylla the calcium contentof the leaf appears to be regulated by both the secretion ofcalcium salts from the leaf and by intracellular calcificationin mesophyll cells.Copyright 1994, 1999 Academic Press X-ray microanalysis, Tamarix, salt gland, secretion, salts, ions, calcium crystals, compartmentation 相似文献
9.
Michael Melnick Robert D Phair Smadar A Lapidot Tina Jaskoll 《BMC developmental biology》2009,9(1):32-22
Background
Ectodysplasin-A appears to be a critical component of branching morphogenesis. Mutations in mouse Eda or human EDA are associated with absent or hypoplastic sweat glands, sebaceous glands, lacrimal glands, salivary glands (SMGs), mammary glands and/or nipples, and mucous glands of the bronchial, esophageal and colonic mucosa. In this study, we utilized Eda Ta (Tabby) mutant mice to investigate how a marked reduction in functional Eda propagates with time through a defined genetic subcircuit and to test the proposition that canonical NFκB signaling is sufficient to account for the differential expression of developmentally regulated genes in the context of Eda polymorphism. 相似文献10.
11.
Background
Genetic exchange occurs between Trypanosoma brucei strains during the complex developmental cycle in the tsetse vector, probably within the salivary glands. Successful mating will depend on the dynamics of co-infection with multiple strains, particularly if intraspecific competition occurs. We have previously used T. brucei expressing green fluorescent protein to study parasite development in the vector, enabling even one trypanosome to be visualized. Here we have used two different trypanosome strains transfected with either green or red fluorescent proteins to study the dynamics of co-infection directly in the tsetse fly. 相似文献12.
Cristina Fernandez-Aunión Thouraya Ben Hamouda Fernando Iglesias-Guerra Montserrat Argandoña Mercedes Reina-Bueno Joaquín J Nieto M Elarbi Aouani Carmen Vargas 《BMC microbiology》2010,10(1):192
Background
Associated with appropriate crop and soil management, inoculation of legumes with microbial biofertilizers can improve food legume yield and soil fertility and reduce pollution by inorganic fertilizers. Rhizospheric bacteria are subjected to osmotic stress imposed by drought and/or NaCl, two abiotic constraints frequently found in semi-arid lands. Osmostress response in bacteria involves the accumulation of small organic compounds called compatible solutes. Whereas most studies on rhizobial osmoadaptation have focussed on the model species Sinorhizobium meliloti, little is known on the osmoadaptive mechanisms used by native rhizobia, which are good sources of inoculants. In this work, we investigated the synthesis and accumulations of compatible solutes by four rhizobial strains isolated from root nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris in Tunisia, as well as by the reference strain Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899T. 相似文献13.
Patterns of mating and dispersal are key factors affecting the dynamics, viability and evolution of plant populations. Changes
in mating system parameters can provide evidence of anthropogenic impacts on populations of rare plants. Tetratheca paynterae subsp. paynterae is a critically endangered perennial shrub confined to a single ironstone range in Western Australia. Mining of the range
removed 25% of plants in 2004 and further plants may be removed if the viability of the remaining populations is not compromised.
To provide baseline genetic data for monitoring mining impacts, we characterised the mating system and pollen dispersal over
two seasons in T. paynterae subsp. paynterae and compared mating system parameters with two other ironstone endemics, T. paynterae subsp. cremnobata and T. aphylla subsp. aphylla that were not impacted by mining. T. paynterae subsp. paynterae was the only taxon showing evidence of inbreeding (t
m = 0.89), although hand pollination revealed pre-zygotic self-incompatibility limits the production of seed from self-pollen.
In a year of lower fruit set (2005), the estimate of correlated paternity increased from 20 to 35%. Direct estimates of realised
pollen dispersal, made by paternity assignment in two small populations where all adult plants were genotyped, revealed a
leptokurtic distribution with 30% of pollen dispersed less than 3 m and 90% less than 15 m. Restricted pollen dispersal maintains
the strong genetic structuring of the adult populations in succeeding generations. As a consequence of preferential outcrossing,
any reduction in effective population size, flowering plant density and/or the abundance and activity of pollinators may impact
negatively on population viability through reduced seed set, increased inbreeding and increased correlated paternity. 相似文献
14.
15.
Yu Cheng Wang Guan Zheng Qu Hong Yan Li Ying Jie Wu Chao Wang Gui Feng Liu Chuan Ping Yang 《Molecular biology reports》2010,37(2):1119-1124
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) play important role in stress tolerance of plants. In this study, an MnSOD gene (TaMnSOD) from Tamarix androssowii, under the control of the CaMV35S promoter, was introduced into poplar (Populus davidiana × P. bolleana). The physiological parameters, including SOD activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, relative electrical conductivity (REC)
and relative weight gain, of transgenic lines and wild type (WT) plants, were measured and compared. The results showed that
SOD activity was enhanced in transgenic plants, and the MDA content and REC were significantly decreased compared to WT plants
when exposed to NaCl stress. In addition, the relative weight gains of the transgenic plants were 8- to 23-fold of those observed
for WT plants after NaCl stress for 30 days. The data showed that the SOD activities that increased in transgenic lines are
1.3–4-folds of that increased in the WT plant when exposed to NaCl stress. Our analysis showed that increases in SOD activities
as low as 0.15-fold can also significantly enhance salt tolerance in transgenic plants, suggesting an important role of increased
SOD activity in plant salt tolerance. 相似文献
16.
The present study aimed to determine the mechanism of cation-selective secretion by multicellular salt glands. Using a hydroponic
culture system, the secretion and accumulation of Na+ and K+ in Tamarix ramosissima and T. laxa under different salt stresses (NaCl, KCl and NaCl+KCl) were studied. Additionally, the effects of salt gland inhibitors (orthovanadate,
Ba2+, ouabain, tetraethylammonium (TEA) and verapamil) on Na+ and K+ secretion and accumulation were examined. Treatment with NaCl (at 0–200 mmol L−1 levels) significantly increased Na+ secretion, whereas KCl treatment (at 0–200 mmol L−1 levels) significantly increased K+ secretion. The ratio of secretion to accumulation of Na+ was higher than that of K+. The changes in Na+ and K+ secretion differed after adding different ions into the single-salt solutions. Addition of NaCl to the KCl solution (at 100
mmol L−1 level, respectively) led to a significant decrease in K+ secretion rate, whereas addition of KCl to the NaCl solution (at 100 mmol L−1 level, respectively) had little impact on the Na+ secretion rate. These results indicated that Na+ secretion in Tamarix was highly selective. In addition, Na+ secretion was significantly inhibited by orthovanadate, ouabain, TEA and verapamil, and K+ secretion was significantly inhibited by ouabain, TEA and verapamil. The different impacts of orthovanadate on Na+ and K+ secretion might be the primary cause for the different Na+ and K+ secretion abilities of multicellular salt glands in Tamarix. 相似文献
17.
Background
Internal reproductive organ size is an important determinant of male reproductive success. While the response of testis length to variation in the intensity of sperm competition is well documented across many taxa, few studies address the importance of testis size in determining other components of male reproductive success (such as mating frequency) or the significance of size variation in accessory reproductive organs. Accessory gland length, but not testis length, is both phenotypically and genetically correlated with male mating frequency in the stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni. Here we directly manipulate male mating status to investigate the effect of copulation on the size of both the testes and the accessory glands of C. dalmanni. 相似文献18.
Chen Ginzburg 《American journal of botany》1967,54(1):4-8
Adventitious roots on branches of Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. develop in hyperhydric outgrowths of the lenticels. The following stages could be distinguished in the formation of the apices of these roots: (1) initiation, (2) a stage of random divisions, (3) a stage of transverse divisions, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the primordium, (4) formation of the procolumella, (5) differentiation of the procambium, the cortical meristem and the protoderm, (6) enlargement of the promeristem, and (7) emergence. 相似文献
19.
During 1993, potted plants ofTamarix ramosissimaC. F. Ledebour (saltcedar) from the United States of America andT. gallicaL. from France were placed underTamarix gallicatrees at Sète and Vendémian, southern France, and the natural enemies that attacked these plants were recorded. The most promising natural enemies found were three species ofPsectrosema(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae);Hypophyes pallidulus(Gravenhorst),Corimalia tamarisci(Gyllenhal), andConiatus tamarisciF. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae);Stylosomusprob. tamaricis (Herrich-Schaffer) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); andAgdistis tamaricis(Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae). The host specificity of these insects was studied in a field test during 1994. Of the 11 plant species tested, none of the economically important plants and neitherTamarix aphylla(L.) nor any of the nine genera of plants outside the family Tamaricaceae were attacked. The above mentioned natural enemies seem to be specific feeders on saltcedar and are recommended as prospective agents for biological control ofT. ramosissimain the United States. 相似文献
20.